resource skeds are divided into two parts: front end (all insts) and back end (inst. specific)
each of those are implemented as separate lists, so this iterator wraps around
the traditional list iterator so that an instruction can walk it's schedule but seamlessly
transfer from front end to back end when necessary
add a stage scheduler class to replace InstStage in pipeline_traits.cc
use that class to define a default front-end, resource schedule that all
instructions will follow. This will also replace the back end schedule in
pipeline_traits.cc. The reason for adding this is so that we can cache
instruction schedules in the future instead of calling the same function
over/over again as well as constantly dynamically alllocating memory on
every instruction to try to figure out it's schedule
When a table walk is initiated by the fetch stage, the CPU can
potentially move to the idle state and never wake up.
The fetch stage must call cpu->wakeCPU() when a translation completes
(in finishTranslation()).
This change fixes an issue where a DTLB fault occurs and redirects fetch to
handle the fault and the ITLB requires a walk which delays translation. In this
case the status of the cpu isn't updated appropriately, and an additional
instruction fetch occurs. Eventually this hits an assert as multiple instruction
fetches are occuring in the system and when the second one returns the
processor is in the wrong state.
Some asserts below are removed because it was always true (typo) and the state
after the initiateAcc() the processor could be in any valid state when a
d-side fault occurs.
Some ISAs (like ARM) relies on hardware page table walkers. For those ISAs,
when a TLB miss occurs, initiateTranslation() can return with NoFault but with
the translation unfinished.
Instructions experiencing a delayed translation due to a hardware page table
walk are deferred until the translation completes and kept into the IQ. In
order to keep track of them, the IQ has been augmented with a queue of the
outstanding delayed memory instructions. When their translation completes,
instructions are re-executed (only their initiateAccess() was already
executed; their DTB translation is now skipped). The IEW stage has been
modified to support such a 2-pass execution.
In sendSplitData, keep a pointer to the senderState that may be updated after
the call to handle*Packet. This way, if the receiver updates the packet
senderState, it can still be accessed in sendSplitData.
Maintain all information about an instruction's fault in the DynInst object rather
than any cpu-request object. Also, if there is a fault during the execution stage
then just save the fault inside the instruction and trap once the instruction
tries to graduate
Give fetch unit it's own parameterizable fetch buffer to read from. Very inefficient
(architecturally and in simulation) to continually fetch at the granularity of the
wordsize. As expected, the number of fetch memory requests drops dramatically
instead of having one cache-unit class be responsible for both data and code
accesses, separate code that is just for fetch in it's own derived class off the
original base class. This makes the code easier to manage as well as handle
future cases of special fetch handling
allow the user to specify how many instructions a pipeline stage can process
on any given cycle (stageWidth...i.e.bandwidth) by setting the parameter through
the python interface rather than compile the code after changing the *.cc file.
(we always had the parameter there, but still used the static 'ThePipeline::StageWidth'
instead)
-
Since StageWidth is now dynamically defined, change the interstage communication
structure to use a vector and get rid of array and array handling index (toNextStageIndex)
since we can just make calls to the list for the same information
use skidbuffer as only location for instructions between stages. before,
we had the insts queue from the prior stage and the skidbuffer for the
current stage, but that gets confusing and this consolidation helps
when handling squash cases
manage insertion and deletion like a queue but will need
access to internal elements for future changes
Currently, skidbuffer manages any instruction that was
in a stage but could not complete processing, however
we will want to manage all blocked instructions (from prev stage
and from cur. stage) in just one buffer.
Previous code was marking CPU activity on almost every cycle due to a bug in
tracking the status of pipeline stages. This disables the CPU from sleeping
on long latency stalls and increases simulation time
This makes sure that the address ranges requested for caches and uncached ports
don't conflict with each other, and that accesses which are always uncached
(message signaled interrupts for instance) don't waste time passing through
caches.
Without this change 0 is always used for the youngest sequence number if
a squash occured and the ROB was empty (E.g. an instruction is marked
serializeAfter or a fetch stall prevents other instructions from issuing).
Using 0 there is a race to rename where an instruction that committed the
same cycle as the squashing instruction can have it's renamed state undone
by the squash using sequence number 0.
I'm not positive this is the correct fix, but it's working right now.
Either we need to do something like this, prevent the misc reg from being renamed at all,
or there something else going on. We need to find the root cause as to why
this is only a problem sometimes.
The squash inside the fetch unit should not attempt to remove them from the
branch predictor as non-control instructions are not pushed into the predictor.
When this condition occurs the cpu should restart the fetch stage to fetch from
the original execution path. Fault handling in the commit stage is cleaned up a
little bit so the control flow is simplier. Finally, if an instruction is being
used to carry a fault it isn't executed, so the fault propagates appropriately.
There were several copies of similar functions that looked
like they all replicated reschedule(), so I replaced them
with direct calls. Keeping this separate from the previous
cset since there may be some subtle functional differences
if the code ever reschedules an event that is scheduled but
not squashed (though none were detected in the regressions).
Events need to be scheduled on the queue assigned
to the SimObject, not on the global queue (which
should be going away).
Also cleaned up a number of redundant expressions
that made the code unnecessarily verbose.
These files really aren't general enough to belong in src/base.
This patch doesn't reorder include lines, leaving them unsorted
in many cases, but Nate's magic script will fix that up shortly.
--HG--
rename : src/base/sched_list.hh => src/cpu/sched_list.hh
rename : src/base/timebuf.hh => src/cpu/timebuf.hh
Ran all the source files through 'perl -pi' with this script:
s|\s*(};?\s*)?/\*\s*(end\s*)?namespace\s*(\S+)\s*\*/(\s*})?|} // namespace $3|;
s|\s*};?\s*//\s*(end\s*)?namespace\s*(\S+)\s*|} // namespace $2\n|;
s|\s*};?\s*//\s*(\S+)\s*namespace\s*|} // namespace $1\n|;
Also did a little manual editing on some of the arch/*/isa_traits.hh files
and src/SConscript.
The store queue doesn't need to be ISA specific and architectures can
frequently store more than an int registers worth of data. A 128 bits seems
more common, but even 256 bits may be appropriate. Pretty much anything less
than a cache line size is buildable.
For SPARC ASIs are added to the ExtMachInst. If the ASI is changed simply
marking the instruction as Serializing isn't enough beacuse that only
stops rename. This provides a mechanism to squash all the instructions
and refetch them
ARM instructions updating cumulative flags (ARM FP exceptions and saturation
flags) are not serialized.
Added aliases for ARM FP exceptions and saturation flags in FPSCR. Removed
write accesses to the FP condition codes for most ARM VFP instructions: only
VCMP and VCMPE instructions update the FP condition codes. Removed a potential
cause of seg. faults in the O3 model for NEON memory macro-ops (ARM).
This change makes O3 flatten floating point destination registers, and also
fixes misc register flattening so that it's correctly repositioned relative to
the resized regions for integer and floating point indices.
It also fixes some overly long lines.
In the case of a split transaction and a cache that is faster than a CPU we
could get two responses before next_tick expires. Add an event that is
scheduled in this case and return false rather than asserting.
This change modifies the way prefetches work. They are now like normal loads
that don't writeback a register. Previously prefetches were supposed to call
prefetch() on the exection context, so they executed with execute() methods
instead of initiateAcc() completeAcc(). The prefetch() methods for all the CPUs
are blank, meaning that they get executed, but don't actually do anything.
On Alpha dead cache copy code was removed and prefetches are now normal ops.
They count as executed operations, but still don't do anything and IsMemRef is
not longer set on them.
On ARM IsDataPrefetch or IsInstructionPreftech is now set on all prefetch
instructions. The timing simple CPU doesn't try to do anything special for
prefetches now and they execute with the normal memory code path.
This change is a low level and pervasive reorganization of how PCs are managed
in M5. Back when Alpha was the only ISA, there were only 2 PCs to worry about,
the PC and the NPC, and the lsb of the PC signaled whether or not you were in
PAL mode. As other ISAs were added, we had to add an NNPC, micro PC and next
micropc, x86 and ARM introduced variable length instruction sets, and ARM
started to keep track of mode bits in the PC. Each CPU model handled PCs in
its own custom way that needed to be updated individually to handle the new
dimensions of variability, or, in the case of ARMs mode-bit-in-the-pc hack,
the complexity could be hidden in the ISA at the ISA implementation's expense.
Areas like the branch predictor hadn't been updated to handle branch delay
slots or micropcs, and it turns out that had introduced a significant (10s of
percent) performance bug in SPARC and to a lesser extend MIPS. Rather than
perpetuate the problem by reworking O3 again to handle the PC features needed
by x86, this change was introduced to rework PC handling in a more modular,
transparent, and hopefully efficient way.
PC type:
Rather than having the superset of all possible elements of PC state declared
in each of the CPU models, each ISA defines its own PCState type which has
exactly the elements it needs. A cross product of canned PCState classes are
defined in the new "generic" ISA directory for ISAs with/without delay slots
and microcode. These are either typedef-ed or subclassed by each ISA. To read
or write this structure through a *Context, you use the new pcState() accessor
which reads or writes depending on whether it has an argument. If you just
want the address of the current or next instruction or the current micro PC,
you can get those through read-only accessors on either the PCState type or
the *Contexts. These are instAddr(), nextInstAddr(), and microPC(). Note the
move away from readPC. That name is ambiguous since it's not clear whether or
not it should be the actual address to fetch from, or if it should have extra
bits in it like the PAL mode bit. Each class is free to define its own
functions to get at whatever values it needs however it needs to to be used in
ISA specific code. Eventually Alpha's PAL mode bit could be moved out of the
PC and into a separate field like ARM.
These types can be reset to a particular pc (where npc = pc +
sizeof(MachInst), nnpc = npc + sizeof(MachInst), upc = 0, nupc = 1 as
appropriate), printed, serialized, and compared. There is a branching()
function which encapsulates code in the CPU models that checked if an
instruction branched or not. Exactly what that means in the context of branch
delay slots which can skip an instruction when not taken is ambiguous, and
ideally this function and its uses can be eliminated. PCStates also generally
know how to advance themselves in various ways depending on if they point at
an instruction, a microop, or the last microop of a macroop. More on that
later.
Ideally, accessing all the PCs at once when setting them will improve
performance of M5 even though more data needs to be moved around. This is
because often all the PCs need to be manipulated together, and by getting them
all at once you avoid multiple function calls. Also, the PCs of a particular
thread will have spatial locality in the cache. Previously they were grouped
by element in arrays which spread out accesses.
Advancing the PC:
The PCs were previously managed entirely by the CPU which had to know about PC
semantics, try to figure out which dimension to increment the PC in, what to
set NPC/NNPC, etc. These decisions are best left to the ISA in conjunction
with the PC type itself. Because most of the information about how to
increment the PC (mainly what type of instruction it refers to) is contained
in the instruction object, a new advancePC virtual function was added to the
StaticInst class. Subclasses provide an implementation that moves around the
right element of the PC with a minimal amount of decision making. In ISAs like
Alpha, the instructions always simply assign NPC to PC without having to worry
about micropcs, nnpcs, etc. The added cost of a virtual function call should
be outweighed by not having to figure out as much about what to do with the
PCs and mucking around with the extra elements.
One drawback of making the StaticInsts advance the PC is that you have to
actually have one to advance the PC. This would, superficially, seem to
require decoding an instruction before fetch could advance. This is, as far as
I can tell, realistic. fetch would advance through memory addresses, not PCs,
perhaps predicting new memory addresses using existing ones. More
sophisticated decisions about control flow would be made later on, after the
instruction was decoded, and handed back to fetch. If branching needs to
happen, some amount of decoding needs to happen to see that it's a branch,
what the target is, etc. This could get a little more complicated if that gets
done by the predecoder, but I'm choosing to ignore that for now.
Variable length instructions:
To handle variable length instructions in x86 and ARM, the predecoder now
takes in the current PC by reference to the getExtMachInst function. It can
modify the PC however it needs to (by setting NPC to be the PC + instruction
length, for instance). This could be improved since the CPU doesn't know if
the PC was modified and always has to write it back.
ISA parser:
To support the new API, all PC related operand types were removed from the
parser and replaced with a PCState type. There are two warts on this
implementation. First, as with all the other operand types, the PCState still
has to have a valid operand type even though it doesn't use it. Second, using
syntax like PCS.npc(target) doesn't work for two reasons, this looks like the
syntax for operand type overriding, and the parser can't figure out if you're
reading or writing. Instructions that use the PCS operand (which I've
consistently called it) need to first read it into a local variable,
manipulate it, and then write it back out.
Return address stack:
The return address stack needed a little extra help because, in the presence
of branch delay slots, it has to merge together elements of the return PC and
the call PC. To handle that, a buildRetPC utility function was added. There
are basically only two versions in all the ISAs, but it didn't seem short
enough to put into the generic ISA directory. Also, the branch predictor code
in O3 and InOrder were adjusted so that they always store the PC of the actual
call instruction in the RAS, not the next PC. If the call instruction is a
microop, the next PC refers to the next microop in the same macroop which is
probably not desirable. The buildRetPC function advances the PC intelligently
to the next macroop (in an ISA specific way) so that that case works.
Change in stats:
There were no change in stats except in MIPS and SPARC in the O3 model. MIPS
runs in about 9% fewer ticks. SPARC runs with 30%-50% fewer ticks, which could
likely be improved further by setting call/return instruction flags and taking
advantage of the RAS.
TODO:
Add != operators to the PCState classes, defined trivially to be !(a==b).
Smooth out places where PCs are split apart, passed around, and put back
together later. I think this might happen in SPARC's fault code. Add ISA
specific constructors that allow setting PC elements without calling a bunch
of accessors. Try to eliminate the need for the branching() function. Factor
out Alpha's PAL mode pc bit into a separate flag field, and eliminate places
where it's blindly masked out or tested in the PC.
This reduces the scope of those includes and makes it less likely for there to
be a dependency loop. This also moves the hashing functions associated with
ExtMachInst objects to be with the ExtMachInst definitions and out of
utility.hh.
This code is no longer needed because of the preceeding change which adds a
StaticInstPtr parameter to the fault's invoke method, obviating the only use
for this pair of functions.
Also move the "Fault" reference counted pointer type into a separate file,
sim/fault.hh. It would be better to name this less similarly to sim/faults.hh
to reduce confusion, but fault.hh matches the name of the type. We could change
Fault to FaultPtr to match other pointer types, and then changing the name of
the file would make more sense.
Don't assert that the response packet is marked as a response
since it won't always be so for functional accesses.
Also cleanup code to refer to functional accesses rather
than "probes" (old terminology), and mention in the
DPRINTF which type of access we're doing.
When decoding a srs instruction, invalid mode encoding returns invalid instruction.
This can happen when garbage instructions are fetched from mispredicted path
Since miscellaneous registers bypass wakeup logic, force serialization
to resolve data dependencies through them
* * *
ARM: adding non-speculative/serialize flags for instructions change CPSR
THis allows the CPU to handle predicated-false instructions accordingly.
This particular patch makes loads that are predicated-false to be sent
straight to the commit stage directly, not waiting for return of the data
that was never requested since it was predicated-false.
This was being done in read(), but if readBytes was called directly it
wouldn't happen. Also, instead of setting the memory blob being read to -1
which would (I believe) require using memset with -1 as a parameter, this now
uses bzero. It's hoped that it's more specialized behavior will make it
slightly faster.
This patch adds DMA testing to the Memtester and is inherits many changes from
Polina's old tester_dma_extension patch. Since Ruby does not work in atomic
mode, the atomic mode options are removed.
printMemData is only used in DPRINTFs. If those are removed by compiling
m5.fast, that function is unused, gcc generates a warning, that gets turned
into an error, and the build fails. This change surrounds the function
definition with #if TRACING_ON so it only gets compiled in if the DPRINTFs do
to.
When a request is NO_ACCESS (x86 CDA microinstruction), the memory op
doesn't go to the cache, so TimingSimpleCPU::completeDataAccess needs
to handle the case where the current status of the CPU is Running
and not DcacheWaitResponse or DTBWaitResponse
switching between O3 and another CPU, O3's tick event might still be scheduled
in the event queue (as squashed). Therefore, check for a squashed tick event
as well as a non-scheduled event when taking over from another CPU and deal
with it accordingly.
m5 doesnt do stats specific to binary and this resource request stat is probably only
useful for people who really know the ins/outs of the model anyway
replace priority queue with vector of lists(1 list per stage) and place inside a class
so that we have more control of when an instruction uses a particular schedule entry
...
also, this is the 1st step toward making the InOrderCPU fully parameterizable. See the
wiki for details on this process
- use InOrderBPred instead of Resource for DPRINTFs
- account for DELAY SLOT in updating RAS and in squashing
- don't let squashed instructions update the predictor
- the BTB needs to use the ASID not the TID to work for multithreaded programs
- add stats for BTB hits
Expand the help text on the --remote-gdb-port option so
people know you can use it to disable remote gdb without
reading the source code, and thus don't waste any time
trying to add a separate option to do that.
Clean up some gdb-related cruft I found while looking
for where one would add a gdb disable option, before
I found the comment that told me that I didn't need
to do that.
Suppose the saturating counters of a branch predictor contain n bits. When the
counter is between 0 and (2^(n-1) - 1), boundaries included, the branch is
predicted as not taken. When the counter is between 2^(n-1) and (2^n - 1),
boundaries included, the branch is predicted as taken.
when insts execute, they mark the time they finish to be used for subsequent isnts
they may need forwarding of data. However, the regdepmap was using the wrong
value to index into the destination operands of the instruction to be forwarded.
Thus, in some cases, we are checking to see if the 3rd destination register
for an instruction is executed at a certain time, when there is only 1 dest. register
valid. Thus, we get a bad, uninitialized time value that will stall forwarding
causing performance loss but still the correct execution.
In addition to obvious changes, this required a slight change to the slicc
grammar to allow types with :: in them. Otherwise slicc barfs on std::string
which we need for the headers that slicc generates.
make sure to only read 1 src reg. for write-hint and any other similar
'store' instruction. Reading the source reg when its not necessary
can cause the simulator to read from uninitialized values
These recordEvent() calls could cause crashes since they
access the req pointer after it's potentially been
deleted during a failed translation call. (Similar
problem to the traceData bug fixed in the previous cset.)
Moving them above the translation call (as was done
recentlyi in cset 8b2b8e5e7d35) avoids the crash
but doesn't work, since at that point we don't know if
the access is uncached or not.
It's not clear why these calls are there, and no one
seems to use them, so we'll just delete them. If they
are needed, they should be moved to somewhere that's
guaranteed to be after the translation completes but
before the request is possibly deleted, e.g., in
finishTranslation().
Accessing traceData (to call setAddress() and/or setData())
after initiating a timing translation was causing crashes,
since a failed translation could delete the traceData
object before returning.
It turns out that there was never a need to access traceData
after initiating the translation, as the traced data was
always available earlier; this ordering was merely
historical. Furthermore, traceData->setAddress() and
traceData->setData() were being called both from the CPU
model and the ISA definition, often redundantly.
This patch standardizes all setAddress and setData calls
for memory instructions to be in the CPU models and not
in the ISA definition. It also moves those calls above
the translation calls to eliminate the crashes.
When implementing timing address translations instead of atomic, I
forgot to preserve the faults that are returned from the read and
write calls. This patch reinstates them.
When each load or store is sent to the LSQ, we check whether it will cross a
cache line boundary and, if so, split it in two. This creates two TLB
translations and two memory requests. Care has to be taken if the first
packet of a split load is sent but the second blocks the cache. Similarly,
for a store, if the first packet cannot be sent, we must store the second
one somewhere to retry later.
This modifies the LSQSenderState class to record both packets in a split
load or store.
Finally, a new const variable, HasUnalignedMemAcc, is added to each ISA
to indicate whether unaligned memory accesses are allowed. This is used
throughout the changed code so that compiler can optimise away code dealing
with split requests for ISAs that don't need them.
This initiates a timing translation and passes the read or write on to the
processor before waiting for it to finish. Once the translation is finished,
the instruction's state is updated via the 'finish' function. A new
DataTranslation class is created to handle this.
The idea is taken from the implementation of timing translations in
TimingSimpleCPU by Gabe Black. This patch also separates out the timing
translations from this CPU and uses the new DataTranslation class.
