gem5/src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Kevin Lim
 *          Korey Sewell
 */

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>

#include "config/use_checker.hh"

#include "arch/isa_traits.hh"
#include "arch/utility.hh"
#include "cpu/checker/cpu.hh"
#include "cpu/exetrace.hh"
#include "cpu/o3/fetch.hh"
#include "mem/packet.hh"
#include "mem/request.hh"
#include "sim/byteswap.hh"
#include "sim/host.hh"
#include "sim/core.hh"

#if FULL_SYSTEM
#include "arch/tlb.hh"
#include "arch/vtophys.hh"
#include "sim/system.hh"
#endif // FULL_SYSTEM

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::setPeer(Port *port)
{
    Port::setPeer(port);

    fetch->setIcache();
}

template<class Impl>
Tick
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    panic("DefaultFetch doesn't expect recvAtomic callback!");
    return curTick;
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "DefaultFetch doesn't update its state from a "
            "functional call.");
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::recvStatusChange(Status status)
{
    if (status == RangeChange) {
        if (!snoopRangeSent) {
            snoopRangeSent = true;
            sendStatusChange(Port::RangeChange);
        }
        return;
    }

    panic("DefaultFetch doesn't expect recvStatusChange callback!");
}

template<class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::recvTiming(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "Received timing\n");
    if (pkt->isResponse()) {
        fetch->processCacheCompletion(pkt);
    }
    //else Snooped a coherence request, just return
    return true;
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::IcachePort::recvRetry()
{
    fetch->recvRetry();
}

template<class Impl>
DefaultFetch<Impl>::DefaultFetch(O3CPU *_cpu, Params *params)
    : cpu(_cpu),
      branchPred(params),
      predecoder(NULL),
      decodeToFetchDelay(params->decodeToFetchDelay),
      renameToFetchDelay(params->renameToFetchDelay),
      iewToFetchDelay(params->iewToFetchDelay),
      commitToFetchDelay(params->commitToFetchDelay),
      fetchWidth(params->fetchWidth),
      cacheBlocked(false),
      retryPkt(NULL),
      retryTid(-1),
      numThreads(params->numberOfThreads),
      numFetchingThreads(params->smtNumFetchingThreads),
      interruptPending(false),
      drainPending(false),
      switchedOut(false)
{
    if (numThreads > Impl::MaxThreads)
        fatal("numThreads is not a valid value\n");

    // Set fetch stage's status to inactive.
    _status = Inactive;

    std::string policy = params->smtFetchPolicy;

    // Convert string to lowercase
    std::transform(policy.begin(), policy.end(), policy.begin(),
                   (int(*)(int)) tolower);

    // Figure out fetch policy
    if (policy == "singlethread") {
        fetchPolicy = SingleThread;
        if (numThreads > 1)
            panic("Invalid Fetch Policy for a SMT workload.");
    } else if (policy == "roundrobin") {
        fetchPolicy = RoundRobin;
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch policy set to Round Robin\n");
    } else if (policy == "branch") {
        fetchPolicy = Branch;
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch policy set to Branch Count\n");
    } else if (policy == "iqcount") {
        fetchPolicy = IQ;
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch policy set to IQ count\n");
    } else if (policy == "lsqcount") {
        fetchPolicy = LSQ;
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch policy set to LSQ count\n");
    } else {
        fatal("Invalid Fetch Policy. Options Are: {SingleThread,"
              " RoundRobin,LSQcount,IQcount}\n");
    }

    // Get the size of an instruction.
    instSize = sizeof(TheISA::MachInst);

    // Name is finally available, so create the port.
    icachePort = new IcachePort(this);

    icachePort->snoopRangeSent = false;

#if USE_CHECKER
    if (cpu->checker) {
        cpu->checker->setIcachePort(icachePort);
    }
#endif
}

template <class Impl>
std::string
DefaultFetch<Impl>::name() const
{
    return cpu->name() + ".fetch";
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::regStats()
{
    icacheStallCycles
        .name(name() + ".icacheStallCycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch is stalled on an Icache miss")
        .prereq(icacheStallCycles);

    fetchedInsts
        .name(name() + ".Insts")
        .desc("Number of instructions fetch has processed")
        .prereq(fetchedInsts);

    fetchedBranches
        .name(name() + ".Branches")
        .desc("Number of branches that fetch encountered")
        .prereq(fetchedBranches);

    predictedBranches
        .name(name() + ".predictedBranches")
        .desc("Number of branches that fetch has predicted taken")
        .prereq(predictedBranches);

    fetchCycles
        .name(name() + ".Cycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch has run and was not squashing or"
              " blocked")
        .prereq(fetchCycles);

    fetchSquashCycles
        .name(name() + ".SquashCycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch has spent squashing")
        .prereq(fetchSquashCycles);

    fetchIdleCycles
        .name(name() + ".IdleCycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch was idle")
        .prereq(fetchIdleCycles);

    fetchBlockedCycles
        .name(name() + ".BlockedCycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch has spent blocked")
        .prereq(fetchBlockedCycles);

    fetchedCacheLines
        .name(name() + ".CacheLines")
        .desc("Number of cache lines fetched")
        .prereq(fetchedCacheLines);

    fetchMiscStallCycles
        .name(name() + ".MiscStallCycles")
        .desc("Number of cycles fetch has spent waiting on interrupts, or "
              "bad addresses, or out of MSHRs")
        .prereq(fetchMiscStallCycles);

    fetchIcacheSquashes
        .name(name() + ".IcacheSquashes")
        .desc("Number of outstanding Icache misses that were squashed")
        .prereq(fetchIcacheSquashes);

    fetchNisnDist
        .init(/* base value */ 0,
              /* last value */ fetchWidth,
              /* bucket size */ 1)
        .name(name() + ".rateDist")
        .desc("Number of instructions fetched each cycle (Total)")
        .flags(Stats::pdf);

    idleRate
        .name(name() + ".idleRate")
        .desc("Percent of cycles fetch was idle")
        .prereq(idleRate);
    idleRate = fetchIdleCycles * 100 / cpu->numCycles;

    branchRate
        .name(name() + ".branchRate")
        .desc("Number of branch fetches per cycle")
        .flags(Stats::total);
    branchRate = fetchedBranches / cpu->numCycles;

    fetchRate
        .name(name() + ".rate")
        .desc("Number of inst fetches per cycle")
        .flags(Stats::total);
    fetchRate = fetchedInsts / cpu->numCycles;

    branchPred.regStats();
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::setTimeBuffer(TimeBuffer<TimeStruct> *time_buffer)
{
    timeBuffer = time_buffer;

    // Create wires to get information from proper places in time buffer.
    fromDecode = timeBuffer->getWire(-decodeToFetchDelay);
    fromRename = timeBuffer->getWire(-renameToFetchDelay);
    fromIEW = timeBuffer->getWire(-iewToFetchDelay);
    fromCommit = timeBuffer->getWire(-commitToFetchDelay);
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::setActiveThreads(std::list<unsigned> *at_ptr)
{
    activeThreads = at_ptr;
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::setFetchQueue(TimeBuffer<FetchStruct> *fq_ptr)
{
    fetchQueue = fq_ptr;

    // Create wire to write information to proper place in fetch queue.
    toDecode = fetchQueue->getWire(0);
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::initStage()
{
    // Setup PC and nextPC with initial state.
    for (int tid = 0; tid < numThreads; tid++) {
        PC[tid] = cpu->readPC(tid);
        nextPC[tid] = cpu->readNextPC(tid);
        microPC[tid] = cpu->readMicroPC(tid);
    }

    for (int tid=0; tid < numThreads; tid++) {

        fetchStatus[tid] = Running;

        priorityList.push_back(tid);

        memReq[tid] = NULL;

        stalls[tid].decode = false;
        stalls[tid].rename = false;
        stalls[tid].iew = false;
        stalls[tid].commit = false;
    }

    // Schedule fetch to get the correct PC from the CPU
    // scheduleFetchStartupEvent(1);

    // Fetch needs to start fetching instructions at the very beginning,
    // so it must start up in active state.
    switchToActive();
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::setIcache()
{
    // Size of cache block.
    cacheBlkSize = icachePort->peerBlockSize();

    // Create mask to get rid of offset bits.
    cacheBlkMask = (cacheBlkSize - 1);

    for (int tid=0; tid < numThreads; tid++) {
        // Create space to store a cache line.
        cacheData[tid] = new uint8_t[cacheBlkSize];
        cacheDataPC[tid] = 0;
        cacheDataValid[tid] = false;
    }
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::processCacheCompletion(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    unsigned tid = pkt->req->getThreadNum();

    DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%u] Waking up from cache miss.\n",tid);

    // Only change the status if it's still waiting on the icache access
    // to return.
    if (fetchStatus[tid] != IcacheWaitResponse ||
        pkt->req != memReq[tid] ||
        isSwitchedOut()) {
        ++fetchIcacheSquashes;
        delete pkt->req;
        delete pkt;
        return;
    }

    memcpy(cacheData[tid], pkt->getPtr<uint8_t>(), cacheBlkSize);
    cacheDataValid[tid] = true;

    if (!drainPending) {
        // Wake up the CPU (if it went to sleep and was waiting on
        // this completion event).
        cpu->wakeCPU();

        DPRINTF(Activity, "[tid:%u] Activating fetch due to cache completion\n",
                tid);

        switchToActive();
    }

    // Only switch to IcacheAccessComplete if we're not stalled as well.
    if (checkStall(tid)) {
        fetchStatus[tid] = Blocked;
    } else {
        fetchStatus[tid] = IcacheAccessComplete;
    }

    // Reset the mem req to NULL.
    delete pkt->req;
    delete pkt;
    memReq[tid] = NULL;
}

template <class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::drain()
{
    // Fetch is ready to drain at any time.
    cpu->signalDrained();
    drainPending = true;
    return true;
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::resume()
{
    drainPending = false;
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::switchOut()
{
    switchedOut = true;
    // Branch predictor needs to have its state cleared.
    branchPred.switchOut();
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::takeOverFrom()
{
    // Reset all state
    for (int i = 0; i < Impl::MaxThreads; ++i) {
        stalls[i].decode = 0;
        stalls[i].rename = 0;
        stalls[i].iew = 0;
        stalls[i].commit = 0;
        PC[i] = cpu->readPC(i);
        nextPC[i] = cpu->readNextPC(i);
        microPC[i] = cpu->readMicroPC(i);
        fetchStatus[i] = Running;
    }
    numInst = 0;
    wroteToTimeBuffer = false;
    _status = Inactive;
    switchedOut = false;
    interruptPending = false;
    branchPred.takeOverFrom();
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::wakeFromQuiesce()
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "Waking up from quiesce\n");
    // Hopefully this is safe
    // @todo: Allow other threads to wake from quiesce.
    fetchStatus[0] = Running;
}

template <class Impl>
inline void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::switchToActive()
{
    if (_status == Inactive) {
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Activating stage.\n");

        cpu->activateStage(O3CPU::FetchIdx);

        _status = Active;
    }
}

template <class Impl>
inline void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::switchToInactive()
{
    if (_status == Active) {
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Deactivating stage.\n");

        cpu->deactivateStage(O3CPU::FetchIdx);

        _status = Inactive;
    }
}

template <class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::lookupAndUpdateNextPC(DynInstPtr &inst, Addr &next_PC,
                                          Addr &next_NPC, Addr &next_MicroPC)
{
    // Do branch prediction check here.
    // A bit of a misnomer...next_PC is actually the current PC until
    // this function updates it.
    bool predict_taken;

    if (!inst->isControl()) {
        if (inst->isMicroop() && !inst->isLastMicroop()) {
            next_MicroPC++;
        } else {
            next_PC  = next_NPC;
            next_NPC = next_NPC + instSize;
            next_MicroPC = 0;
        }
        inst->setPredTarg(next_PC, next_NPC, next_MicroPC);
        inst->setPredTaken(false);
        return false;
    }

    //Assume for now that all control flow is to a different macroop which
    //would reset the micro pc to 0.
    next_MicroPC = 0;

    int tid = inst->threadNumber;
    Addr pred_PC = next_PC;
    predict_taken = branchPred.predict(inst, pred_PC, tid);

/*    if (predict_taken) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Branch predicted to be taken to %#x.\n",
                tid, pred_PC);
    } else {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Branch predicted to be not taken.\n", tid);
    }*/

#if ISA_HAS_DELAY_SLOT
    next_PC = next_NPC;
    if (predict_taken)
        next_NPC = pred_PC;
    else
        next_NPC += instSize;
#else
    if (predict_taken)
        next_PC = pred_PC;
    else
        next_PC += instSize;
    next_NPC = next_PC + instSize;
#endif
/*    DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Branch predicted to go to %#x and then %#x.\n",
            tid, next_PC, next_NPC);*/
    inst->setPredTarg(next_PC, next_NPC, next_MicroPC);
    inst->setPredTaken(predict_taken);

    ++fetchedBranches;

    if (predict_taken) {
        ++predictedBranches;
    }

    return predict_taken;
}

template <class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::fetchCacheLine(Addr fetch_PC, Fault &ret_fault, unsigned tid)
{
    Fault fault = NoFault;

    //AlphaDep
    if (cacheBlocked) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i] Can't fetch cache line, cache blocked\n",
                tid);
        return false;
    } else if (isSwitchedOut()) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i] Can't fetch cache line, switched out\n",
                tid);
        return false;
    } else if (interruptPending && !(fetch_PC & 0x3)) {
        // Hold off fetch from getting new instructions when:
        // Cache is blocked, or
        // while an interrupt is pending and we're not in PAL mode, or
        // fetch is switched out.
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i] Can't fetch cache line, interrupt pending\n",
                tid);
        return false;
    }

    // Align the fetch PC so it's at the start of a cache block.
    Addr block_PC = icacheBlockAlignPC(fetch_PC);

    // If we've already got the block, no need to try to fetch it again.
    if (cacheDataValid[tid] && block_PC == cacheDataPC[tid]) {
        return true;
    }

    // Setup the memReq to do a read of the first instruction's address.
    // Set the appropriate read size and flags as well.
    // Build request here.
    RequestPtr mem_req = new Request(tid, block_PC, cacheBlkSize, 0,
                                     fetch_PC, cpu->readCpuId(), tid);

    memReq[tid] = mem_req;

    // Translate the instruction request.
    fault = cpu->translateInstReq(mem_req, cpu->thread[tid]);

    // In the case of faults, the fetch stage may need to stall and wait
    // for the ITB miss to be handled.

    // If translation was successful, attempt to read the first
    // instruction.
    if (fault == NoFault) {
#if 0
        if (cpu->system->memctrl->badaddr(memReq[tid]->paddr) ||
            memReq[tid]->isUncacheable()) {
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch: Bad address %#x (hopefully on a "
                    "misspeculating path)!",
                    memReq[tid]->paddr);
            ret_fault = TheISA::genMachineCheckFault();
            return false;
        }
#endif

        // Build packet here.
        PacketPtr data_pkt = new Packet(mem_req,
                                        MemCmd::ReadReq, Packet::Broadcast);
        data_pkt->dataDynamicArray(new uint8_t[cacheBlkSize]);

        cacheDataPC[tid] = block_PC;
        cacheDataValid[tid] = false;

        DPRINTF(Fetch, "Fetch: Doing instruction read.\n");

        fetchedCacheLines++;

        // Now do the timing access to see whether or not the instruction
        // exists within the cache.
        if (!icachePort->sendTiming(data_pkt)) {
            if (data_pkt->result == Packet::BadAddress) {
                fault = TheISA::genMachineCheckFault();
                delete mem_req;
                memReq[tid] = NULL;
                warn("Bad address!\n");
            }
            assert(retryPkt == NULL);
            assert(retryTid == -1);
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i] Out of MSHRs!\n", tid);
            fetchStatus[tid] = IcacheWaitRetry;
            retryPkt = data_pkt;
            retryTid = tid;
            cacheBlocked = true;
            return false;
        }

        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Doing cache access.\n", tid);

        lastIcacheStall[tid] = curTick;

        DPRINTF(Activity, "[tid:%i]: Activity: Waiting on I-cache "
                "response.\n", tid);

        fetchStatus[tid] = IcacheWaitResponse;
    } else {
        delete mem_req;
        memReq[tid] = NULL;
    }

    ret_fault = fault;
    return true;
}

template <class Impl>
inline void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::doSquash(const Addr &new_PC,
        const Addr &new_NPC, const Addr &new_microPC, unsigned tid)
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Squashing, setting PC to: %#x, NPC to: %#x.\n",
            tid, new_PC, new_NPC);

    PC[tid] = new_PC;
    nextPC[tid] = new_NPC;
    microPC[tid] = new_microPC;

    // Clear the icache miss if it's outstanding.
    if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheWaitResponse) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Squashing outstanding Icache miss.\n",
                tid);
        memReq[tid] = NULL;
    }

    // Get rid of the retrying packet if it was from this thread.
    if (retryTid == tid) {
        assert(cacheBlocked);
        if (retryPkt) {
            delete retryPkt->req;
            delete retryPkt;
        }
        retryPkt = NULL;
        retryTid = -1;
    }

    fetchStatus[tid] = Squashing;

    ++fetchSquashCycles;
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::squashFromDecode(const Addr &new_PC, const Addr &new_NPC,
                                     const Addr &new_MicroPC,
                                     const InstSeqNum &seq_num, unsigned tid)
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Squashing from decode.\n",tid);

    doSquash(new_PC, new_NPC, new_MicroPC, tid);

    // Tell the CPU to remove any instructions that are in flight between
    // fetch and decode.
    cpu->removeInstsUntil(seq_num, tid);
}

template<class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::checkStall(unsigned tid) const
{
    bool ret_val = false;

    if (cpu->contextSwitch) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"[tid:%i]: Stalling for a context switch.\n",tid);
        ret_val = true;
    } else if (stalls[tid].decode) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"[tid:%i]: Stall from Decode stage detected.\n",tid);
        ret_val = true;
    } else if (stalls[tid].rename) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"[tid:%i]: Stall from Rename stage detected.\n",tid);
        ret_val = true;
    } else if (stalls[tid].iew) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"[tid:%i]: Stall from IEW stage detected.\n",tid);
        ret_val = true;
    } else if (stalls[tid].commit) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"[tid:%i]: Stall from Commit stage detected.\n",tid);
        ret_val = true;
    }

    return ret_val;
}

template<class Impl>
typename DefaultFetch<Impl>::FetchStatus
DefaultFetch<Impl>::updateFetchStatus()
{
    //Check Running
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator threads = activeThreads->begin();
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator end = activeThreads->end();

    while (threads != end) {
        unsigned tid = *threads++;

        if (fetchStatus[tid] == Running ||
            fetchStatus[tid] == Squashing ||
            fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheAccessComplete) {

            if (_status == Inactive) {
                DPRINTF(Activity, "[tid:%i]: Activating stage.\n",tid);

                if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheAccessComplete) {
                    DPRINTF(Activity, "[tid:%i]: Activating fetch due to cache"
                            "completion\n",tid);
                }

                cpu->activateStage(O3CPU::FetchIdx);
            }

            return Active;
        }
    }

    // Stage is switching from active to inactive, notify CPU of it.
    if (_status == Active) {
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Deactivating stage.\n");

        cpu->deactivateStage(O3CPU::FetchIdx);
    }

    return Inactive;
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::squash(const Addr &new_PC, const Addr &new_NPC,
                           const Addr &new_MicroPC,
                           const InstSeqNum &seq_num, unsigned tid)
{
    DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%u]: Squash from commit.\n",tid);

    doSquash(new_PC, new_NPC, new_MicroPC, tid);

    // Tell the CPU to remove any instructions that are not in the ROB.
    cpu->removeInstsNotInROB(tid);
}

template <class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::tick()
{
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator threads = activeThreads->begin();
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator end = activeThreads->end();
    bool status_change = false;

    wroteToTimeBuffer = false;

    while (threads != end) {
        unsigned tid = *threads++;

        // Check the signals for each thread to determine the proper status
        // for each thread.
        bool updated_status = checkSignalsAndUpdate(tid);
        status_change =  status_change || updated_status;
    }

    DPRINTF(Fetch, "Running stage.\n");

    // Reset the number of the instruction we're fetching.
    numInst = 0;

#if FULL_SYSTEM
    if (fromCommit->commitInfo[0].interruptPending) {
        interruptPending = true;
    }

    if (fromCommit->commitInfo[0].clearInterrupt) {
        interruptPending = false;
    }
#endif

    for (threadFetched = 0; threadFetched < numFetchingThreads;
         threadFetched++) {
        // Fetch each of the actively fetching threads.
        fetch(status_change);
    }

    // Record number of instructions fetched this cycle for distribution.
    fetchNisnDist.sample(numInst);

    if (status_change) {
        // Change the fetch stage status if there was a status change.
        _status = updateFetchStatus();
    }

    // If there was activity this cycle, inform the CPU of it.
    if (wroteToTimeBuffer || cpu->contextSwitch) {
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Activity this cycle.\n");

        cpu->activityThisCycle();
    }
}

template <class Impl>
bool
DefaultFetch<Impl>::checkSignalsAndUpdate(unsigned tid)
{
    // Update the per thread stall statuses.
    if (fromDecode->decodeBlock[tid]) {
        stalls[tid].decode = true;
    }

    if (fromDecode->decodeUnblock[tid]) {
        assert(stalls[tid].decode);
        assert(!fromDecode->decodeBlock[tid]);
        stalls[tid].decode = false;
    }

    if (fromRename->renameBlock[tid]) {
        stalls[tid].rename = true;
    }

    if (fromRename->renameUnblock[tid]) {
        assert(stalls[tid].rename);
        assert(!fromRename->renameBlock[tid]);
        stalls[tid].rename = false;
    }

    if (fromIEW->iewBlock[tid]) {
        stalls[tid].iew = true;
    }

    if (fromIEW->iewUnblock[tid]) {
        assert(stalls[tid].iew);
        assert(!fromIEW->iewBlock[tid]);
        stalls[tid].iew = false;
    }

    if (fromCommit->commitBlock[tid]) {
        stalls[tid].commit = true;
    }

    if (fromCommit->commitUnblock[tid]) {
        assert(stalls[tid].commit);
        assert(!fromCommit->commitBlock[tid]);
        stalls[tid].commit = false;
    }

    // Check squash signals from commit.
    if (fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].squash) {

        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%u]: Squashing instructions due to squash "
                "from commit.\n",tid);
        // In any case, squash.
        squash(fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].nextPC,
               fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].nextNPC,
               fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].nextMicroPC,
               fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
               tid);

        // Also check if there's a mispredict that happened.
        if (fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].branchMispredict) {
            branchPred.squash(fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
                              fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].nextPC,
                              fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].branchTaken,
                              tid);
        } else {
            branchPred.squash(fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
                              tid);
        }

        return true;
    } else if (fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].doneSeqNum) {
        // Update the branch predictor if it wasn't a squashed instruction
        // that was broadcasted.
        branchPred.update(fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].doneSeqNum, tid);
    }

    // Check ROB squash signals from commit.
    if (fromCommit->commitInfo[tid].robSquashing) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%u]: ROB is still squashing.\n", tid);

        // Continue to squash.
        fetchStatus[tid] = Squashing;

        return true;
    }

    // Check squash signals from decode.
    if (fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].squash) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%u]: Squashing instructions due to squash "
                "from decode.\n",tid);

        // Update the branch predictor.
        if (fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].branchMispredict) {
            branchPred.squash(fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
                              fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextPC,
                              fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].branchTaken,
                              tid);
        } else {
            branchPred.squash(fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
                              tid);
        }

        if (fetchStatus[tid] != Squashing) {

            DPRINTF(Fetch, "Squashing from decode with PC = %#x, NPC = %#x\n",
                    fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextPC,
                    fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextNPC);
            // Squash unless we're already squashing
            squashFromDecode(fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextPC,
                             fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextNPC,
                             fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].nextMicroPC,
                             fromDecode->decodeInfo[tid].doneSeqNum,
                             tid);

            return true;
        }
    }

    if (checkStall(tid) &&
        fetchStatus[tid] != IcacheWaitResponse &&
        fetchStatus[tid] != IcacheWaitRetry) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Setting to blocked\n",tid);

        fetchStatus[tid] = Blocked;

        return true;
    }

    if (fetchStatus[tid] == Blocked ||
        fetchStatus[tid] == Squashing) {
        // Switch status to running if fetch isn't being told to block or
        // squash this cycle.
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Done squashing, switching to running.\n",
                tid);

        fetchStatus[tid] = Running;

        return true;
    }

    // If we've reached this point, we have not gotten any signals that
    // cause fetch to change its status.  Fetch remains the same as before.
    return false;
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::fetch(bool &status_change)
{
    //////////////////////////////////////////
    // Start actual fetch
    //////////////////////////////////////////
    int tid = getFetchingThread(fetchPolicy);

    if (tid == -1 || drainPending) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch,"There are no more threads available to fetch from.\n");

        // Breaks looping condition in tick()
        threadFetched = numFetchingThreads;
        return;
    }

    DPRINTF(Fetch, "Attempting to fetch from [tid:%i]\n", tid);

    // The current PC.
    Addr fetch_PC = PC[tid];
    Addr fetch_NPC = nextPC[tid];
    Addr fetch_MicroPC = microPC[tid];

    // Fault code for memory access.
    Fault fault = NoFault;

    // If returning from the delay of a cache miss, then update the status
    // to running, otherwise do the cache access.  Possibly move this up
    // to tick() function.
    if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheAccessComplete) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Icache miss is complete.\n",
                tid);

        fetchStatus[tid] = Running;
        status_change = true;
    } else if (fetchStatus[tid] == Running) {
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Attempting to translate and read "
                "instruction, starting at PC %08p.\n",
                tid, fetch_PC);

        bool fetch_success = fetchCacheLine(fetch_PC, fault, tid);
        if (!fetch_success) {
            if (cacheBlocked) {
                ++icacheStallCycles;
            } else {
                ++fetchMiscStallCycles;
            }
            return;
        }
    } else {
        if (fetchStatus[tid] == Idle) {
            ++fetchIdleCycles;
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Fetch is idle!\n", tid);
        } else if (fetchStatus[tid] == Blocked) {
            ++fetchBlockedCycles;
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Fetch is blocked!\n", tid);
        } else if (fetchStatus[tid] == Squashing) {
            ++fetchSquashCycles;
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Fetch is squashing!\n", tid);
        } else if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheWaitResponse) {
            ++icacheStallCycles;
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Fetch is waiting cache response!\n", tid);
        }

        // Status is Idle, Squashing, Blocked, or IcacheWaitResponse, so
        // fetch should do nothing.
        return;
    }

    ++fetchCycles;

    // If we had a stall due to an icache miss, then return.
    if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheWaitResponse) {
        ++icacheStallCycles;
        status_change = true;
        return;
    }

    Addr next_PC = fetch_PC;
    Addr next_NPC = fetch_NPC;
    Addr next_MicroPC = fetch_MicroPC;

    InstSeqNum inst_seq;
    MachInst inst;
    ExtMachInst ext_inst;
    // @todo: Fix this hack.
    unsigned offset = (fetch_PC & cacheBlkMask) & ~3;

    StaticInstPtr staticInst = NULL;
    StaticInstPtr macroop = NULL;

    if (fault == NoFault) {
        // If the read of the first instruction was successful, then grab the
        // instructions from the rest of the cache line and put them into the
        // queue heading to decode.

        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Adding instructions to queue to "
                "decode.\n",tid);

        // Need to keep track of whether or not a predicted branch
        // ended this fetch block.
        bool predicted_branch = false;

        while (offset < cacheBlkSize &&
               numInst < fetchWidth &&
               !predicted_branch) {

            // If we're branching after this instruction, quite fetching
            // from the same block then.
            predicted_branch =
                (fetch_PC + sizeof(TheISA::MachInst) != fetch_NPC);
            if (predicted_branch) {
                DPRINTF(Fetch, "Branch detected with PC = %#x, NPC = %#x\n",
                        fetch_PC, fetch_NPC);
            }

            // Make sure this is a valid index.
            assert(offset <= cacheBlkSize - instSize);

            if (!macroop) {
                // Get the instruction from the array of the cache line.
                inst = TheISA::gtoh(*reinterpret_cast<TheISA::MachInst *>
                            (&cacheData[tid][offset]));

                predecoder.setTC(cpu->thread[tid]->getTC());
                predecoder.moreBytes(fetch_PC, fetch_PC, inst);

                ext_inst = predecoder.getExtMachInst();
                staticInst = StaticInstPtr(ext_inst, fetch_PC);
                if (staticInst->isMacroop())
                    macroop = staticInst;
            }
            do {
                if (macroop) {
                    staticInst = macroop->fetchMicroop(fetch_MicroPC);
                    if (staticInst->isLastMicroop())
                        macroop = NULL;
                }

                // Get a sequence number.
                inst_seq = cpu->getAndIncrementInstSeq();

                // Create a new DynInst from the instruction fetched.
                DynInstPtr instruction = new DynInst(staticInst,
                                                     fetch_PC, fetch_NPC, fetch_MicroPC,
                                                     next_PC, next_NPC, next_MicroPC,
                                                     inst_seq, cpu);
                instruction->setTid(tid);

                instruction->setASID(tid);

                instruction->setThreadState(cpu->thread[tid]);

                DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Instruction PC %#x created "
                        "[sn:%lli]\n",
                        tid, instruction->readPC(), inst_seq);

                //DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: MachInst is %#x\n", tid, ext_inst);

                DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Instruction is: %s\n",
                        tid, instruction->staticInst->disassemble(fetch_PC));

#if TRACING_ON
                instruction->traceData =
                    Trace::getInstRecord(curTick, cpu->tcBase(tid),
                                         instruction->staticInst,
                                         instruction->readPC());
#else
                instruction->traceData = NULL;
#endif

                ///FIXME This needs to be more robust in dealing with delay slots
                predicted_branch |=
                    lookupAndUpdateNextPC(instruction, next_PC, next_NPC, next_MicroPC);

                // Add instruction to the CPU's list of instructions.
                instruction->setInstListIt(cpu->addInst(instruction));

                // Write the instruction to the first slot in the queue
                // that heads to decode.
                toDecode->insts[numInst] = instruction;

                toDecode->size++;

                // Increment stat of fetched instructions.
                ++fetchedInsts;

                // Move to the next instruction, unless we have a branch.
                fetch_PC = next_PC;
                fetch_NPC = next_NPC;
                fetch_MicroPC = next_MicroPC;

                if (instruction->isQuiesce()) {
                    DPRINTF(Fetch, "Quiesce instruction encountered, halting fetch!",
                            curTick);
                    fetchStatus[tid] = QuiescePending;
                    ++numInst;
                    status_change = true;
                    break;
                }

                ++numInst;
            } while (staticInst->isMicroop() &&
                     !staticInst->isLastMicroop() &&
                     numInst < fetchWidth);
            offset += instSize;
        }

        if (predicted_branch) {
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Done fetching, predicted branch "
                    "instruction encountered.\n", tid);
        } else if (numInst >= fetchWidth) {
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Done fetching, reached fetch bandwidth "
                    "for this cycle.\n", tid);
        } else if (offset >= cacheBlkSize) {
            DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Done fetching, reached the end of cache "
                    "block.\n", tid);
        }
    }

    if (numInst > 0) {
        wroteToTimeBuffer = true;
    }

    // Now that fetching is completed, update the PC to signify what the next
    // cycle will be.
    if (fault == NoFault) {
        PC[tid] = next_PC;
        nextPC[tid] = next_NPC;
        microPC[tid] = next_MicroPC;
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Setting PC to %08p.\n", tid, next_PC);
    } else {
        // We shouldn't be in an icache miss and also have a fault (an ITB
        // miss)
        if (fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheWaitResponse) {
            panic("Fetch should have exited prior to this!");
        }

        // Send the fault to commit.  This thread will not do anything
        // until commit handles the fault.  The only other way it can
        // wake up is if a squash comes along and changes the PC.
#if FULL_SYSTEM
        assert(numInst < fetchWidth);
        // Get a sequence number.
        inst_seq = cpu->getAndIncrementInstSeq();
        // We will use a nop in order to carry the fault.
        ext_inst = TheISA::NoopMachInst;

        // Create a new DynInst from the dummy nop.
        DynInstPtr instruction = new DynInst(ext_inst,
                                             fetch_PC, fetch_NPC, fetch_MicroPC,
                                             next_PC, next_NPC, next_MicroPC,
                                             inst_seq, cpu);
        instruction->setPredTarg(next_PC, next_NPC, 1);
        instruction->setTid(tid);

        instruction->setASID(tid);

        instruction->setThreadState(cpu->thread[tid]);

        instruction->traceData = NULL;

        instruction->setInstListIt(cpu->addInst(instruction));

        instruction->fault = fault;

        toDecode->insts[numInst] = instruction;
        toDecode->size++;

        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: Blocked, need to handle the trap.\n",tid);

        fetchStatus[tid] = TrapPending;
        status_change = true;
#else // !FULL_SYSTEM
        fetchStatus[tid] = TrapPending;
        status_change = true;

#endif // FULL_SYSTEM
        DPRINTF(Fetch, "[tid:%i]: fault (%s) detected @ PC %08p",
                tid, fault->name(), PC[tid]);
    }
}

template<class Impl>
void
DefaultFetch<Impl>::recvRetry()
{
    if (retryPkt != NULL) {
        assert(cacheBlocked);
        assert(retryTid != -1);
        assert(fetchStatus[retryTid] == IcacheWaitRetry);

        if (icachePort->sendTiming(retryPkt)) {
            fetchStatus[retryTid] = IcacheWaitResponse;
            retryPkt = NULL;
            retryTid = -1;
            cacheBlocked = false;
        }
    } else {
        assert(retryTid == -1);
        // Access has been squashed since it was sent out.  Just clear
        // the cache being blocked.
        cacheBlocked = false;
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////
//                                   //
//  SMT FETCH POLICY MAINTAINED HERE //
//                                   //
///////////////////////////////////////
template<class Impl>
int
DefaultFetch<Impl>::getFetchingThread(FetchPriority &fetch_priority)
{
    if (numThreads > 1) {
        switch (fetch_priority) {

          case SingleThread:
            return 0;

          case RoundRobin:
            return roundRobin();

          case IQ:
            return iqCount();

          case LSQ:
            return lsqCount();

          case Branch:
            return branchCount();

          default:
            return -1;
        }
    } else {
        std::list<unsigned>::iterator thread = activeThreads->begin();
        assert(thread != activeThreads->end());
        int tid = *thread;

        if (fetchStatus[tid] == Running ||
            fetchStatus[tid] == IcacheAccessComplete ||
            fetchStatus[tid] == Idle) {
            return tid;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

}


template<class Impl>
int
DefaultFetch<Impl>::roundRobin()
{
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator pri_iter = priorityList.begin();
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator end      = priorityList.end();

    int high_pri;

    while (pri_iter != end) {
        high_pri = *pri_iter;

        assert(high_pri <= numThreads);

        if (fetchStatus[high_pri] == Running ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == IcacheAccessComplete ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == Idle) {

            priorityList.erase(pri_iter);
            priorityList.push_back(high_pri);

            return high_pri;
        }

        pri_iter++;
    }

    return -1;
}

template<class Impl>
int
DefaultFetch<Impl>::iqCount()
{
    std::priority_queue<unsigned> PQ;

    std::list<unsigned>::iterator threads = activeThreads->begin();
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator end = activeThreads->end();

    while (threads != end) {
        unsigned tid = *threads++;

        PQ.push(fromIEW->iewInfo[tid].iqCount);
    }

    while (!PQ.empty()) {

        unsigned high_pri = PQ.top();

        if (fetchStatus[high_pri] == Running ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == IcacheAccessComplete ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == Idle)
            return high_pri;
        else
            PQ.pop();

    }

    return -1;
}

template<class Impl>
int
DefaultFetch<Impl>::lsqCount()
{
    std::priority_queue<unsigned> PQ;

    std::list<unsigned>::iterator threads = activeThreads->begin();
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator end = activeThreads->end();

    while (threads != end) {
        unsigned tid = *threads++;

        PQ.push(fromIEW->iewInfo[tid].ldstqCount);
    }

    while (!PQ.empty()) {

        unsigned high_pri = PQ.top();

        if (fetchStatus[high_pri] == Running ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == IcacheAccessComplete ||
            fetchStatus[high_pri] == Idle)
            return high_pri;
        else
            PQ.pop();

    }

    return -1;
}

template<class Impl>
int
DefaultFetch<Impl>::branchCount()
{
    std::list<unsigned>::iterator thread = activeThreads->begin();
    assert(thread != activeThreads->end());
    unsigned tid = *thread;

    panic("Branch Count Fetch policy unimplemented\n");
    return 0 * tid;
}