This changeset adds functionality that allows system calls to retry without
affecting thread context state such as the program counter or register values
for the associated thread context (when system calls return with a retry
fault).
This functionality is needed to solve problems with blocking system calls
in multi-process or multi-threaded simulations where information is passed
between processes/threads. Blocking system calls can cause deadlock because
the simulator itself is single threaded. There is only a single thread
servicing the event queue which can cause deadlock if the thread hits a
blocking system call instruction.
To illustrate the problem, consider two processes using the producer/consumer
sharing model. The processes can use file descriptors and the read and write
calls to pass information to one another. If the consumer calls the blocking
read system call before the producer has produced anything, the call will
block the event queue (while executing the system call instruction) and
deadlock the simulation.
The solution implemented in this changeset is to recognize that the system
calls will block and then generate a special retry fault. The fault will
be sent back up through the function call chain until it is exposed to the
cpu model's pipeline where the fault becomes visible. The fault will trigger
the cpu model to replay the instruction at a future tick where the call has
a chance to succeed without actually going into a blocking state.
In subsequent patches, we recognize that a syscall will block by calling a
non-blocking poll (from inside the system call implementation) and checking
for events. When events show up during the poll, it signifies that the call
would not have blocked and the syscall is allowed to proceed (calling an
underlying host system call if necessary). If no events are returned from the
poll, we generate the fault and try the instruction for the thread context
at a distant tick. Note that retrying every tick is not efficient.
As an aside, the simulator has some multi-threading support for the event
queue, but it is not used by default and needs work. Even if the event queue
was completely multi-threaded, meaning that there is a hardware thread on
the host servicing a single simulator thread contexts with a 1:1 mapping
between them, it's still possible to run into deadlock due to the event queue
barriers on quantum boundaries. The solution of replaying at a later tick
is the simplest solution and solves the problem generally.
The quiesce family of magic ops can be simplified by the inclusion of
quiesceTick() and quiesce() functions on ThreadContext. This patch also
gets rid of the FS guards, since suspending a CPU is also a valid
operation for SE mode.
Add functionality to the BaseCPU that will put the entire CPU
into a low-power idle state whenever all threads in it are idle.
Change-Id: I984d1656eb0a4863c87ceacd773d2d10de5cfd2b
The following patches had unexpected interactions with the current
upstream code and have been reverted for now:
e07fd01651f3: power: Add support for power models
831c7f2f9e39: power: Low-power idle power state for idle CPUs
4f749e00b667: power: Add power states to ClockedObject
Signed-off-by: Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@arm.com>
--HG--
extra : amend_source : 0b6fb073c6bbc24be533ec431eb51fbf1b269508
This patch changes the name of a bunch of packet flags and MSHR member
functions and variables to make the coherency protocol easier to
understand. In addition the patch adds and updates lots of
descriptions, explicitly spelling out assumptions.
The following name changes are made:
* the packet memInhibit flag is renamed to cacheResponding
* the packet sharedAsserted flag is renamed to hasSharers
* the packet NeedsExclusive attribute is renamed to NeedsWritable
* the packet isSupplyExclusive is renamed responderHadWritable
* the MSHR pendingDirty is renamed to pendingModified
The cache states, Modified, Owned, Exclusive, Shared are also called
out in the cache and MSHR code to make it easier to understand.
This patch adds probe points in Fetch, IEW, Rename and Commit stages as follows.
A probe point is added in the Fetch stage for probing when a fetch request is
sent. Notify is fired on the probe point when a request is sent succesfully in
the first attempt as well as on a retry attempt.
Probe points are added in the IEW stage when an instruction begins to execute
and when execution is complete. This points can be used for monitoring the
execution time of an instruction.
Probe points are added in the Rename stage to probe renaming of source and
destination registers and when there is squashing. These probe points can be
used to track register dependencies and remove when there is squashing.
A probe point for squashing is added in Commit to probe squashed instructions.
This adds a vector register type. The type is defined as a std::array of a
fixed number of uint64_ts. The isa_parser.py has been modified to parse vector
register operands and generate the required code. Different cpus have vector
register files now.
The drain() call currently passes around a DrainManager pointer, which
is now completely pointless since there is only ever one global
DrainManager in the system. It also contains vestiges from the time
when SimObjects had to keep track of their child objects that needed
draining.
This changeset moves all of the DrainState handling to the Drainable
base class and changes the drain() and drainResume() calls to reflect
this. Particularly, the drain() call has been updated to take no
parameters (the DrainManager argument isn't needed) and return a
DrainState instead of an unsigned integer (there is no point returning
anything other than 0 or 1 any more). Drainable objects should return
either DrainState::Draining (equivalent to returning 1 in the old
system) if they need more time to drain or DrainState::Drained
(equivalent to returning 0 in the old system) if they are already in a
consistent state. Returning DrainState::Running is considered an
error.
Drain done signalling is now done through the signalDrainDone() method
in the Drainable class instead of using the DrainManager directly. The
new call checks if the state of the object is DrainState::Draining
before notifying the drain manager. This means that it is safe to call
signalDrainDone() without first checking if the simulator has
requested draining. The intention here is to reduce the code needed to
implement draining in simple objects.
The drain state enum is currently a part of the Drainable
interface. The same state machine will be used by the DrainManager to
identify the global state of the simulator. Make the drain state a
global typed enum to better cater for this usage scenario.
Objects that are can be serialized are supposed to inherit from the
Serializable class. This class is meant to provide a unified API for
such objects. However, so far it has mainly been used by SimObjects
due to some fundamental design limitations. This changeset redesigns
to the serialization interface to make it more generic and hide the
underlying checkpoint storage. Specifically:
* Add a set of APIs to serialize into a subsection of the current
object. Previously, objects that needed this functionality would
use ad-hoc solutions using nameOut() and section name
generation. In the new world, an object that implements the
interface has the methods serializeSection() and
unserializeSection() that serialize into a named /subsection/ of
the current object. Calling serialize() serializes an object into
the current section.
* Move the name() method from Serializable to SimObject as it is no
longer needed for serialization. The fully qualified section name
is generated by the main serialization code on the fly as objects
serialize sub-objects.
* Add a scoped ScopedCheckpointSection helper class. Some objects
need to serialize data structures, that are not deriving from
Serializable, into subsections. Previously, this was done using
nameOut() and manual section name generation. To simplify this,
this changeset introduces a ScopedCheckpointSection() helper
class. When this class is instantiated, it adds a new /subsection/
and subsequent serialization calls during the lifetime of this
helper class happen inside this section (or a subsection in case
of nested sections).
* The serialize() call is now const which prevents accidental state
manipulation during serialization. Objects that rely on modifying
state can use the serializeOld() call instead. The default
implementation simply calls serialize(). Note: The old-style calls
need to be explicitly called using the
serializeOld()/serializeSectionOld() style APIs. These are used by
default when serializing SimObjects.
* Both the input and output checkpoints now use their own named
types. This hides underlying checkpoint implementation from
objects that need checkpointing and makes it easier to change the
underlying checkpoint storage code.
This patch takes a last step in fixing issues related to uncacheable
accesses. We do not separate uncacheable memory from uncacheable
devices, and in cases where it is really memory, there are valid
scenarios where we need to snoop since we do not support cache
maintenance instructions (yet). On snooping an uncacheable access we
thus provide data if possible. In essence this makes uncacheable
accesses IO coherent.
The snoop filter is also queried to steer the snoops, but not updated
since the uncacheable accesses do not allocate a block.
The totalInstructions counter is only incremented when the whole instruction is
commited and not on every microop. It was incorrectly reset in atomic and
timing cpus.
Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>"
This patch fixes a long-standing isue with the port flow
control. Before this patch the retry mechanism was shared between all
different packet classes. As a result, a snoop response could get
stuck behind a request waiting for a retry, even if the send/recv
functions were split. This caused message-dependent deadlocks in
stress-test scenarios.
The patch splits the retry into one per packet (message) class. Thus,
sendTimingReq has a corresponding recvReqRetry, sendTimingResp has
recvRespRetry etc. Most of the changes to the code involve simply
clarifying what type of request a specific object was accepting.
The biggest change in functionality is in the cache downstream packet
queue, facing the memory. This queue was shared by requests and snoop
responses, and it is now split into two queues, each with their own
flow control, but the same physical MasterPort. These changes fixes
the previously seen deadlocks.
Mwait works as follows:
1. A cpu monitors an address of interest (monitor instruction)
2. A cpu calls mwait - this loads the cache line into that cpu's cache.
3. The cpu goes to sleep.
4. When another processor requests write permission for the line, it is
evicted from the sleeping cpu's cache. This eviction is forwarded to the
sleeping cpu, which then wakes up.
Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>
This changeset adds probe points that can be used to implement PMU
counters for CPU stats. The following probes are supported:
* BaseCPU::ppCycles / Cycles
* BaseCPU::ppRetiredInsts / RetiredInsts
* BaseCPU::ppRetiredLoads / RetiredLoads
* BaseCPU::ppRetiredStores / RetiredStores
* BaseCPU::ppRetiredBranches RetiredBranches
This patch optimises the passing of StaticInstPtr by avoiding copying
the reference-counting pointer. This avoids first incrementing and
then decrementing the reference-counting pointer.
The call paths for de-scheduling a thread are halt() and suspend(), from
the thread context. There is no call to deallocateContext() in general,
though some CPUs chose to define it. This patch removes the function
from BaseCPU and the cores which do not require it.
activate(), suspend(), and halt() used on thread contexts had an optional
delay parameter. However this parameter was often ignored. Also, when used,
the delay was seemily arbitrarily set to 0 or 1 cycle (no other delays were
ever specified). This patch removes the delay parameter and 'Events'
associated with them across all ISAs and cores. Unused activate logic
is also removed.
This patch changes how faults are passed between methods in an attempt
to copy as few reference-counting pointer instances as possible. This
should avoid unecessary copies being created, contributing to the
increment/decrement of the reference counters.
The o3 cpu could attempt to schedule inactive threads under round-robin SMT
mode.
This is because it maintained an independent priority list of threads from the
active thread list. This priority list could be come stale once threads were
inactive, leading to the cpu trying to fetch/commit from inactive threads.
Additionally the fetch queue is now forcibly flushed of instrctuctions
from the de-scheduled thread.
Relevant output:
24557000: system.cpu: [tid:1]: Calling deactivate thread.
24557000: system.cpu: [tid:1]: Removing from active threads list
24557500: system.cpu:
FullO3CPU: Ticking main, FullO3CPU.
24557500: system.cpu.fetch: Running stage.
24557500: system.cpu.fetch: Attempting to fetch from [tid:1]
Check for free entries in Load Queue and Store Queue separately to
avoid cases when load cannot be renamed due to full Store Queue and
vice versa.
This work was done while Binh was an intern at AMD Research.
This patch removes the stat totalCommittedInsts. This variable was used for
recording the total number of instructions committed across all the threads
of a core. The instructions committed by each thread are recorded invidually.
The total would now be generated by summing these individual counts.
A number of calls to isEmpty() and numFreeEntries()
should be thread-specific.
In cpu.cc, the fact that tid is /*commented*/ out is a bug. Say the rob
has instructions from thread 0 (isEmpty() returns false), and none from
thread 1. If we are trying to squash all of thread 1, then
readTailInst(thread 1) will be called because rob->isEmpty() returns
false. The result is end_it is not in the list and the while
statement loops indefinitely back over the cpu's instList.
In iew_impl.hh, all threads are told they have the entire remaining IQ, when
each thread actually has a certain allocation. The result is extra stalls at
the iew dispatch stage which the rename stage usually takes care of.
In commit_impl.hh, rob->readHeadInst(thread 1) can be called if the rob only
contains instructions from thread 0. This returns a dummyInst (which may work
since we are trying to squash all instructions, but hardly seems like the right
way to do it).
In rob_impl.hh this fix skips the rest of the function more frequently and is
more efficient.
Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>
The probe patch is motivated by the desire to move analytical and trace code
away from functional code. This is achieved by the probe interface which is
essentially a glorified observer model.
What this means to users:
* add a probe point and a "notify" call at the source of an "event"
* add an isolated module, that is being used to carry out *your* analysis (e.g. generate a trace)
* register that module as a probe listener
Note: an example is given for reference in src/cpu/o3/simple_trace.[hh|cc] and src/cpu/SimpleTrace.py
What is happening under the hood:
* every SimObject maintains has a ProbeManager.
* during initialization (src/python/m5/simulate.py) first regProbePoints and
the regProbeListeners is called on each SimObject. this hooks up the probe
point notify calls with the listeners.
FAQs:
Why did you develop probe points:
* to remove trace, stats gathering, analytical code out of the functional code.
* the belief that probes could be generically useful.
What is a probe point:
* a probe point is used to notify upon a given event (e.g. cpu commits an instruction)
What is a probe listener:
* a class that handles whatever the user wishes to do when they are notified
about an event.
What can be passed on notify:
* probe points are templates, and so the user can generate probes that pass any
type of argument (by const reference) to a listener.
What relationships can be generated (1:1, 1:N, N:M etc):
* there isn't a restriction. You can hook probe points and listeners up in a
1:1, 1:N, N:M relationship. They become useful when a number of modules
listen to the same probe points. The idea being that you can add a small
number of probes into the source code and develop a larger number of useful
analysis modules that use information passed by the probes.
Can you give examples:
* adding a probe point to the cpu's commit method allows you to build a trace
module (outputting assembler), you could re-use this to gather instruction
distribution (arithmetic, load/store, conditional, control flow) stats.
Why is the probe interface currently restricted to passing a const reference:
* the desire, initially at least, is to allow an interface to observe
functionality, but not to change functionality.
* of course this can be subverted by const-casting.
What is the performance impact of adding probes:
* when nothing is actively listening to the probes they should have a
relatively minor impact. Profiling has suggested even with a large number of
probes (60) the impact of them (when not active) is very minimal (<1%).
Restructured rename map and free list to clean up some
extraneous code and separate out common code that can
be reused across different register classes (int and fp
at this point). Both components now consist of a set
of Simple* objects that are stand-alone rename map &
free list for each class, plus a Unified* object that
presents a unified interface across all register
classes and then redirects accesses to the appropriate
Simple* object as needed.
Moved free list initialization to PhysRegFile to better
isolate knowledge of physical register index mappings
to that class (and remove the need to pass a number
of parameters to the free list constructor).
Causes a small change to these stats:
cpu.rename.int_rename_lookups
cpu.rename.fp_rename_lookups
because they are now categorized on a per-operand basis
rather than a per-instruction basis.
That is, an instruction with mixed fp/int/misc operand
types will have each operand categorized independently,
where previously the lookup was categorized based on
the instruction type.
It had a bunch of fields (and associated constructor
parameters) thet it didn't really use, and the array
initialization was needlessly verbose.
Also just hardwired the getReg() method to aleays
return true for misc regs, rather than having an array
of bits that we always kept marked as ready.
No need for PhysRegFile to be a template class, or
have a pointer back to the CPU. Also made some methods
for checking the physical register type (int vs. float)
based on the phys reg index, which will come in handy later.
Previously, nextCycle() could return the *current* cycle if the current tick was
already aligned with the clock edge. This behavior is not only confusing (not
quite what the function name implies), but also caused problems in the
drainResume() function. When exiting/re-entering the sim loop (e.g., to take
checkpoints), the CPUs will drain and resume. Due to the previous behavior of
nextCycle(), the CPU tick events were being rescheduled in the same ticks that
were already processed before draining. This caused divergence from runs that
did not exit/re-entered the sim loop. (Initially a cycle difference, but a
significant impact later on.)
This patch separates out the two behaviors (nextCycle() and clockEdge()),
uses nextCycle() in drainResume, and uses clockEdge() everywhere else.
Nothing (other than name) should change except for the drainResume timing.
Virtualized CPUs and the fastmem mode of the atomic CPU require direct
access to physical memory. We currently require caches to be disabled
when using them to prevent chaos. This is not ideal when switching
between hardware virutalized CPUs and other CPU models as it would
require a configuration change on each switch. This changeset
introduces a new version of the atomic memory mode,
'atomic_noncaching', where memory accesses are inserted into the
memory system as atomic accesses, but bypass caches.
To make memory mode tests cleaner, the following methods are added to
the System class:
* isAtomicMode() -- True if the memory mode is 'atomic' or 'direct'.
* isTimingMode() -- True if the memory mode is 'timing'.
* bypassCaches() -- True if caches should be bypassed.
The old getMemoryMode() and setMemoryMode() methods should never be
used from the C++ world anymore.
CPUs need to test that the memory system is in the right mode in two
places, when the CPU is initialized (unless it's switched out) and on
a drainResume(). This led to some code duplication in the CPU
models. This changeset introduces the verifyMemoryMode() method which
is called by BaseCPU::init() if the CPU isn't switched out. The
individual CPU models are responsible for calling this method when
resuming from a drain as this code is CPU model specific.
The changes made by the changeset 9376 were not quite correct. The patch made
changes to the code which resulted in decoder not getting initialized correctly
when the state was restored from a checkpoint.
This patch adds a startup function to each ISA object. For x86, this function
sets the required state in the decoder. For other ISAs, the function is empty
right now.
Cleanup the serialization code for the simple CPUs and the O3 CPU. The
CPU-specific code has been replaced with a (un)serializeThread that
serializes the thread state / context of a specific thread. Assuming
that the thread state class uses the CPU-specific thread state uses
the base thread state serialization code, this allows us to restore a
checkpoint with any of the CPU models.
Previously, the O3 CPU could stop in the middle of a microcode
sequence. This patch makes sure that the pipeline stops when it has
committed a normal instruction or exited from a microcode
sequence. Additionally, it makes sure that the pipeline has no
instructions in flight when it is drained, which should make draining
more robust.
Draining is controlled in the commit stage, which checks if the next
PC after a committed instruction is in microcode. If this isn't the
case, it requests a squash of all instructions after that the
instruction that just committed and immediately signals a drain stall
to the fetch stage. The CPU then continues to execute until the
pipeline and all associated buffers are empty.
The defer_registration parameter is used to prevent a CPU from
initializing at startup, leaving it in the "switched out" mode. The
name of this parameter (and the help string) is confusing. This patch
renames it to switched_out, which should be more descriptive.
This patch cleans up the CPU switching functionality by making sure
that CPU models consistently call the parent on switchOut() and
takeOverFrom(). This has the following implications that might alter
current functionality:
* The call to BaseCPU::switchout() in the O3 CPU is moved from
signalDrained() (!) to switchOut().
* A call to BaseSimpleCPU::switchOut() is introduced in the simple
CPUs.
The O3 CPU used to copy its thread context to a SimpleThread in order
to do serialization. This was a bit of a hack involving two static
SimpleThread instances and a magic constructor that was only used by
the O3 CPU.
This patch moves the ThreadContext serialization code into two global
procedures that, in addition to the normal serialization parameters,
take a ThreadContext reference as a parameter. This allows us to reuse
the serialization code in all ThreadContext implementations.
