gem5/src/cpu/o3/commit.hh

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 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
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 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
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 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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 *
 * Authors: Kevin Lim
 *          Korey Sewell
 */

#ifndef __CPU_O3_COMMIT_HH__
#define __CPU_O3_COMMIT_HH__

#include <queue>

#include "base/statistics.hh"
#include "cpu/exetrace.hh"
#include "cpu/inst_seq.hh"
#include "cpu/timebuf.hh"
#include "sim/probe/probe.hh"

struct DerivO3CPUParams;

template <class>
struct O3ThreadState;

/**
 * DefaultCommit handles single threaded and SMT commit. Its width is
 * specified by the parameters; each cycle it tries to commit that
 * many instructions. The SMT policy decides which thread it tries to
 * commit instructions from. Non- speculative instructions must reach
 * the head of the ROB before they are ready to execute; once they
 * reach the head, commit will broadcast the instruction's sequence
 * number to the previous stages so that they can issue/ execute the
 * instruction. Only one non-speculative instruction is handled per
 * cycle. Commit is responsible for handling all back-end initiated
 * redirects.  It receives the redirect, and then broadcasts it to all
 * stages, indicating the sequence number they should squash until,
 * and any necessary branch misprediction information as well. It
 * priortizes redirects by instruction's age, only broadcasting a
 * redirect if it corresponds to an instruction that should currently
 * be in the ROB. This is done by tracking the sequence number of the
 * youngest instruction in the ROB, which gets updated to any
 * squashing instruction's sequence number, and only broadcasting a
 * redirect if it corresponds to an older instruction. Commit also
 * supports multiple cycle squashing, to model a ROB that can only
 * remove a certain number of instructions per cycle.
 */
template<class Impl>
class DefaultCommit
{
  public:
    // Typedefs from the Impl.
    typedef typename Impl::O3CPU O3CPU;
    typedef typename Impl::DynInstPtr DynInstPtr;
    typedef typename Impl::CPUPol CPUPol;

    typedef typename CPUPol::RenameMap RenameMap;
    typedef typename CPUPol::ROB ROB;

    typedef typename CPUPol::TimeStruct TimeStruct;
    typedef typename CPUPol::FetchStruct FetchStruct;
    typedef typename CPUPol::IEWStruct IEWStruct;
    typedef typename CPUPol::RenameStruct RenameStruct;

    typedef typename CPUPol::Fetch Fetch;
    typedef typename CPUPol::IEW IEW;

    typedef O3ThreadState<Impl> Thread;

    /** Event class used to schedule a squash due to a trap (fault or
     * interrupt) to happen on a specific cycle.
     */
    class TrapEvent : public Event {
      private:
        DefaultCommit<Impl> *commit;
        ThreadID tid;

      public:
        TrapEvent(DefaultCommit<Impl> *_commit, ThreadID _tid);

        void process();
        const char *description() const;
    };

    /** Overall commit status. Used to determine if the CPU can deschedule
     * itself due to a lack of activity.
     */
    enum CommitStatus{
        Active,
        Inactive
    };

    /** Individual thread status. */
    enum ThreadStatus {
        Running,
        Idle,
        ROBSquashing,
        TrapPending,
        FetchTrapPending,
        SquashAfterPending, //< Committing instructions before a squash.
    };

    /** Commit policy for SMT mode. */
    enum CommitPolicy {
        Aggressive,
        RoundRobin,
        OldestReady
    };

  private:
    /** Overall commit status. */
    CommitStatus _status;
    /** Next commit status, to be set at the end of the cycle. */
    CommitStatus _nextStatus;
    /** Per-thread status. */
    ThreadStatus commitStatus[Impl::MaxThreads];
    /** Commit policy used in SMT mode. */
    CommitPolicy commitPolicy;

    /** Probe Points. */
    ProbePointArg<DynInstPtr> *ppCommit;
    ProbePointArg<DynInstPtr> *ppCommitStall;
    /** To probe when an instruction is squashed */
    ProbePointArg<DynInstPtr> *ppSquash;

  public:
    /** Construct a DefaultCommit with the given parameters. */
    DefaultCommit(O3CPU *_cpu, DerivO3CPUParams *params);

    /** Returns the name of the DefaultCommit. */
    std::string name() const;

    /** Registers statistics. */
    void regStats();

    /** Registers probes. */
    void regProbePoints();

    /** Sets the list of threads. */
    void setThreads(std::vector<Thread *> &threads);

    /** Sets the main time buffer pointer, used for backwards communication. */
    void setTimeBuffer(TimeBuffer<TimeStruct> *tb_ptr);

    void setFetchQueue(TimeBuffer<FetchStruct> *fq_ptr);

    /** Sets the pointer to the queue coming from rename. */
    void setRenameQueue(TimeBuffer<RenameStruct> *rq_ptr);

    /** Sets the pointer to the queue coming from IEW. */
    void setIEWQueue(TimeBuffer<IEWStruct> *iq_ptr);

    /** Sets the pointer to the IEW stage. */
    void setIEWStage(IEW *iew_stage);

    /** The pointer to the IEW stage. Used solely to ensure that
     * various events (traps, interrupts, syscalls) do not occur until
     * all stores have written back.
     */
    IEW *iewStage;

    /** Sets pointer to list of active threads. */
    void setActiveThreads(std::list<ThreadID> *at_ptr);

    /** Sets pointer to the commited state rename map. */
    void setRenameMap(RenameMap rm_ptr[Impl::MaxThreads]);

    /** Sets pointer to the ROB. */
    void setROB(ROB *rob_ptr);

    /** Initializes stage by sending back the number of free entries. */
    void startupStage();

    /** Initializes the draining of commit. */
    void drain();

    /** Resumes execution after draining. */
    void drainResume();

    /** Perform sanity checks after a drain. */
    void drainSanityCheck() const;

    /** Has the stage drained? */
    bool isDrained() const;

    /** Takes over from another CPU's thread. */
    void takeOverFrom();

    /** Deschedules a thread from scheduling */
    void deactivateThread(ThreadID tid);

    /** Ticks the commit stage, which tries to commit instructions. */
    void tick();

    /** Handles any squashes that are sent from IEW, and adds instructions
     * to the ROB and tries to commit instructions.
     */
    void commit();

    /** Returns the number of free ROB entries for a specific thread. */
    size_t numROBFreeEntries(ThreadID tid);

    /** Generates an event to schedule a squash due to a trap. */
    void generateTrapEvent(ThreadID tid, Fault inst_fault);

    /** Records that commit needs to initiate a squash due to an
     * external state update through the TC.
     */
    void generateTCEvent(ThreadID tid);

  private:
    /** Updates the overall status of commit with the nextStatus, and
     * tell the CPU if commit is active/inactive.
     */
    void updateStatus();

    /** Returns if any of the threads have the number of ROB entries changed
     * on this cycle. Used to determine if the number of free ROB entries needs
     * to be sent back to previous stages.
     */
    bool changedROBEntries();

    /** Squashes all in flight instructions. */
    void squashAll(ThreadID tid);

    /** Handles squashing due to a trap. */
    void squashFromTrap(ThreadID tid);

    /** Handles squashing due to an TC write. */
    void squashFromTC(ThreadID tid);

    /** Handles a squash from a squashAfter() request. */
    void squashFromSquashAfter(ThreadID tid);

    /**
     * Handle squashing from instruction with SquashAfter set.
     *
     * This differs from the other squashes as it squashes following
     * instructions instead of the current instruction and doesn't
     * clean up various status bits about traps/tc writes
     * pending. Since there might have been instructions committed by
     * the commit stage before the squashing instruction was reached
     * and we can't commit and squash in the same cycle, we have to
     * squash in two steps:
     *
     * <ol>
     *   <li>Immediately set the commit status of the thread of
     *       SquashAfterPending. This forces the thread to stop
     *       committing instructions in this cycle. The last
     *       instruction to be committed in this cycle will be the
     *       SquashAfter instruction.
     *   <li>In the next cycle, commit() checks for the
     *       SquashAfterPending state and squashes <i>all</i>
     *       in-flight instructions. Since the SquashAfter instruction
     *       was the last instruction to be committed in the previous
     *       cycle, this causes all subsequent instructions to be
     *       squashed.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @param tid ID of the thread to squash.
     * @param head_inst Instruction that requested the squash.
     */
    void squashAfter(ThreadID tid, DynInstPtr &head_inst);

    /** Handles processing an interrupt. */
    void handleInterrupt();

    /** Get fetch redirecting so we can handle an interrupt */
    void propagateInterrupt();

    /** Commits as many instructions as possible. */
    void commitInsts();

    /** Tries to commit the head ROB instruction passed in.
     * @param head_inst The instruction to be committed.
     */
    bool commitHead(DynInstPtr &head_inst, unsigned inst_num);

    /** Gets instructions from rename and inserts them into the ROB. */
    void getInsts();

    /** Marks completed instructions using information sent from IEW. */
    void markCompletedInsts();

    /** Gets the thread to commit, based on the SMT policy. */
    ThreadID getCommittingThread();

    /** Returns the thread ID to use based on a round robin policy. */
    ThreadID roundRobin();

    /** Returns the thread ID to use based on an oldest instruction policy. */
    ThreadID oldestReady();

  public:
    /** Reads the PC of a specific thread. */
    TheISA::PCState pcState(ThreadID tid) { return pc[tid]; }

    /** Sets the PC of a specific thread. */
    void pcState(const TheISA::PCState &val, ThreadID tid)
    { pc[tid] = val; }

    /** Returns the PC of a specific thread. */
    Addr instAddr(ThreadID tid) { return pc[tid].instAddr(); }

    /** Returns the next PC of a specific thread. */
    Addr nextInstAddr(ThreadID tid) { return pc[tid].nextInstAddr(); }

    /** Reads the micro PC of a specific thread. */
    Addr microPC(ThreadID tid) { return pc[tid].microPC(); }

  private:
    /** Time buffer interface. */
    TimeBuffer<TimeStruct> *timeBuffer;

    /** Wire to write information heading to previous stages. */
    typename TimeBuffer<TimeStruct>::wire toIEW;

    /** Wire to read information from IEW (for ROB). */
    typename TimeBuffer<TimeStruct>::wire robInfoFromIEW;

    TimeBuffer<FetchStruct> *fetchQueue;

    typename TimeBuffer<FetchStruct>::wire fromFetch;

    /** IEW instruction queue interface. */
    TimeBuffer<IEWStruct> *iewQueue;

    /** Wire to read information from IEW queue. */
    typename TimeBuffer<IEWStruct>::wire fromIEW;

    /** Rename instruction queue interface, for ROB. */
    TimeBuffer<RenameStruct> *renameQueue;

    /** Wire to read information from rename queue. */
    typename TimeBuffer<RenameStruct>::wire fromRename;

  public:
    /** ROB interface. */
    ROB *rob;

  private:
    /** Pointer to O3CPU. */
    O3CPU *cpu;

    /** Vector of all of the threads. */
    std::vector<Thread *> thread;

    /** Records that commit has written to the time buffer this cycle. Used for
     * the CPU to determine if it can deschedule itself if there is no activity.
     */
    bool wroteToTimeBuffer;

    /** Records if the number of ROB entries has changed this cycle. If it has,
     * then the number of free entries must be re-broadcast.
     */
    bool changedROBNumEntries[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Records if a thread has to squash this cycle due to a trap. */
    bool trapSquash[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Records if a thread has to squash this cycle due to an XC write. */
    bool tcSquash[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /**
     * Instruction passed to squashAfter().
     *
     * The squash after implementation needs to buffer the instruction
     * that caused a squash since this needs to be passed to the fetch
     * stage once squashing starts.
     */
    DynInstPtr squashAfterInst[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Priority List used for Commit Policy */
    std::list<ThreadID> priority_list;

    /** IEW to Commit delay. */
    const Cycles iewToCommitDelay;

    /** Commit to IEW delay. */
    const Cycles commitToIEWDelay;

    /** Rename to ROB delay. */
    const Cycles renameToROBDelay;

    const Cycles fetchToCommitDelay;

    /** Rename width, in instructions.  Used so ROB knows how many
     *  instructions to get from the rename instruction queue.
     */
    const unsigned renameWidth;

    /** Commit width, in instructions. */
    const unsigned commitWidth;

    /** Number of Reorder Buffers */
    unsigned numRobs;

    /** Number of Active Threads */
    const ThreadID numThreads;

    /** Is a drain pending? Commit is looking for an instruction boundary while
     * there are no pending interrupts
     */
    bool drainPending;

    /** Is a drain imminent? Commit has found an instruction boundary while no
     * interrupts were present or in flight.  This was the last architecturally
     * committed instruction.  Interrupts disabled and pipeline flushed.
     * Waiting for structures to finish draining.
     */
    bool drainImminent;

    /** The latency to handle a trap.  Used when scheduling trap
     * squash event.
     */
    const Cycles trapLatency;

    /** The interrupt fault. */
    Fault interrupt;

    /** The commit PC state of each thread.  Refers to the instruction that
     * is currently being processed/committed.
     */
    TheISA::PCState pc[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** The sequence number of the youngest valid instruction in the ROB. */
    InstSeqNum youngestSeqNum[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** The sequence number of the last commited instruction. */
    InstSeqNum lastCommitedSeqNum[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Records if there is a trap currently in flight. */
    bool trapInFlight[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Records if there were any stores committed this cycle. */
    bool committedStores[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Records if commit should check if the ROB is truly empty (see
        commit_impl.hh). */
    bool checkEmptyROB[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** Pointer to the list of active threads. */
    std::list<ThreadID> *activeThreads;

    /** Rename map interface. */
    RenameMap *renameMap[Impl::MaxThreads];

    /** True if last committed microop can be followed by an interrupt */
    bool canHandleInterrupts;

    /** Have we had an interrupt pending and then seen it de-asserted because
        of a masking change? In this case the variable is set and the next time
        interrupts are enabled and pending the pipeline will squash to avoid
        a possible livelock senario.  */
    bool avoidQuiesceLiveLock;

    /** Updates commit stats based on this instruction. */
    void updateComInstStats(DynInstPtr &inst);

    /** Stat for the total number of squashed instructions discarded by commit.
     */
    Stats::Scalar commitSquashedInsts;
    /** Stat for the total number of times commit has had to stall due to a non-
     * speculative instruction reaching the head of the ROB.
     */
    Stats::Scalar commitNonSpecStalls;
    /** Stat for the total number of branch mispredicts that caused a squash. */
    Stats::Scalar branchMispredicts;
    /** Distribution of the number of committed instructions each cycle. */
    Stats::Distribution numCommittedDist;

    /** Total number of instructions committed. */
    Stats::Vector instsCommitted;
    /** Total number of ops (including micro ops) committed. */
    Stats::Vector opsCommitted;
    /** Total number of software prefetches committed. */
    Stats::Vector statComSwp;
    /** Stat for the total number of committed memory references. */
    Stats::Vector statComRefs;
    /** Stat for the total number of committed loads. */
    Stats::Vector statComLoads;
    /** Total number of committed memory barriers. */
    Stats::Vector statComMembars;
    /** Total number of committed branches. */
    Stats::Vector statComBranches;
    /** Total number of floating point instructions */
    Stats::Vector statComFloating;
    /** Total number of integer instructions */
    Stats::Vector statComInteger;
    /** Total number of function calls */
    Stats::Vector statComFunctionCalls;
    /** Committed instructions by instruction type (OpClass) */
    Stats::Vector2d statCommittedInstType;

    /** Number of cycles where the commit bandwidth limit is reached. */
    Stats::Scalar commitEligibleSamples;
};

#endif // __CPU_O3_COMMIT_HH__