172 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
172 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title:
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- HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
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author:
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- Sanchayan Maity
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theme:
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- default
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classoption:
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- aspectratio=169
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---
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# Who
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- Who am I?
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* Embedded Systems background
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* Prefer C, Haskell and Rust
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* Organize and speak at Rust and Haskell meet-ups in Bangalore
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- Work?
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* Software Engineer @ [asymptotic](https://asymptotic.io/)
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* Open source consulting firm based out of Bangalore and Toronto
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* Work on low level systems software centred around multimedia
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* GStreamer, PipeWire, PulseAudio
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* Language Polyglots
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# Open source contributions
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- [GStreamer](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
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- [gst-plugins-rs](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
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- [PipeWire](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
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- [PulseAudio](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pulseaudio/pulseaudio/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
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- [Linux](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/?qt=author&q=Sanchayan+Maity)
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- [u-boot](https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commits/master?search=Sanchayan%20Maity)
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# Agenda
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- Whirlwind tour of GStreamer
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- What's HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
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- HLS implementation
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# GStreamer
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- Multiplatform Pipeline based multimedia framework
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- Bindings for various languages
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- Allows building complex media processing workflows
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- Some applications
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* PiTiVi (Video Editor)
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* amaroK, Banshee, Clementine (audio players)
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* Empathy (VOIP and video conferencing)
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* GstLAL (gravitational wave data analysis)
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* Rygel (DLNA streaming server and renderer)
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* Totem (movie player for the GNOME desktop)
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# Simple pipeline
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```bash
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gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! autovideosink
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gst-launch-1.0 audiotestsrc ! autoaudiosink
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```
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# Media pipeline[^1]
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{width=80%}
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[^1]: [Dynamic Pipelines](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/dynamic-pipelines.html?gi-language=c)
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# HLS
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- HTTP-based adaptive bit-rate streaming communications protocol
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- Developed by Apple and released in 2009
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- Standardised in [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216)
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- HTTP traffic, unlike UDP-based protocols such as RTP
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- Content can be offered from conventional HTTP servers
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- Delivered over widely available HTTP-based content delivery networks
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# Motivation
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- Video on demand content
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* HLS is better than just serving media directly over HTTP
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* Can describe metadata
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* Variants using a bit rate ladder
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- Alternate media renditions
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- Live content
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* Reuse the same mechanism
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* Trading off lower cost distribution via CDN at the cost of latency over real time
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# Playlist[^2]
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```m3u8
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#EXTM3U
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#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10
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#EXT-X-VERSION:3
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#EXTINF:9.009,
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http://media.example.com/first.ts
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#EXTINF:9.009,
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http://media.example.com/second.ts
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#EXTINF:3.003,
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http://media.example.com/third.ts
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#EXT-X-ENDLIST
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```
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[^2]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#page-50)
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# Master playlist[^3]
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```m3u8
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#EXTM3U
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1280000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=1000000
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http://example.com/low.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=2560000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=2000000
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http://example.com/mid.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=7680000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=6000000
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http://example.com/hi.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=65000,CODECS="mp4a.40.5"
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http://example.com/audio-only.m3u8
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```
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[^3]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#section-8.4)
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# Master playlist[^4]
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```m3u8
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#EXTM3U
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#EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=AUDIO,GROUP-ID="aac",NAME="English", \
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DEFAULT=YES,AUTOSELECT=YES,LANGUAGE="en", \
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URI="main/english-audio.m3u8"
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#EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=AUDIO,GROUP-ID="aac",NAME="Deutsch", \
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DEFAULT=NO,AUTOSELECT=YES,LANGUAGE="de", \
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URI="main/german-audio.m3u8"
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1280000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
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low/video-only.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=2560000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
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mid/video-only.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=7680000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
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hi/video-only.m3u8
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#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=65000,CODECS="mp4a.40.5",AUDIO="aac"
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main/english-audio.m3u8
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```
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[^4]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#section-8.6)
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# Implementation
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- New GStreamer plugin
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- Written in Rust
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- Uses [m3u8-rs](https://docs.rs/m3u8-rs/latest/m3u8_rs/) and existing [`hlssink3`](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/tree/main/net/hlssink3?ref_type=heads)
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- Open MR: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/merge_requests/1515
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# Demo
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Using
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- [videojs](https://videojs.com/)
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- `python3 -m http.server`
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- Sample GStreamer Rust Code[^5]
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[^5]: [HLS sample app](https://git.sanchayanmaity.net/sanchayanmaity/gst-hlssink4)
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# References
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- [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216)
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- [HLS in depth](https://dyte.io/blog/hls-in-depth/)
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- [LL-HLS in depth](https://dyte.io/blog/ll-hls-in-depth/)
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- [HTTP Live Streaming - A Practical Guide](https://hlsbook.net/)
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- [HTTP Live Streaming - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Live_Streaming)
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# Questions
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- Reach out on
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* Email: sanchayan@sanchayanmaity.net
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* Mastodon: [sanchayanmaity.com](https://sanchayanmaity.com/@sanchayan)
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* Telegram: https://t.me/SanchayanMaity
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* Blog: [sanchayanmaity.net](https://sanchayanmaity.net/)
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