HLS presentation for April Rust Bangalore meetup

https://hasgeek.com/rustbangalore/april-2024-rustacean-meetup

rust-bangalore-april-2024/Makefile

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+all:
+	make slide slideshow
+
+slide:
+	pandoc -t beamer hls.md -f markdown-implicit_figures -V colorlinks=true -V linkcolor=blue -V urlcolor=red -o hls.pdf
+
+slideshow:
+	pandoc -t beamer hls.md -f markdown-implicit_figures -V colorlinks=true -V linkcolor=blue -V urlcolor=red -i -o hls-slideshow.pdf
+
+view:
+	zathura --mode=presentation hls.pdf &

rust-bangalore-april-2024/hls.md

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+---
+title:
+- HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
+author:
+- Sanchayan Maity
+theme:
+- default
+classoption:
+- aspectratio=169
+---
+
+# Who
+
+- Who am I?
+  * Embedded Systems background
+  * Prefer C, Haskell and Rust
+  * Organize and speak at Rust and Haskell meet-ups in Bangalore
+- Work?
+  * Software Engineer @ [asymptotic](https://asymptotic.io/)
+  * Open source consulting firm based out of Bangalore and Toronto
+  * Work on low level systems software centred around multimedia
+  * GStreamer, PipeWire, PulseAudio
+  * Language Polyglots
+
+
+# Open source contributions
+
+- [GStreamer](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
+- [gst-plugins-rs](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
+- [PipeWire](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
+- [PulseAudio](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pulseaudio/pulseaudio/-/merge_requests?scope=all&state=all&author_username=SanchayanMaity)
+- [Linux](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/?qt=author&q=Sanchayan+Maity)
+- [u-boot](https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commits/master?search=Sanchayan%20Maity)
+
+# Agenda
+
+- Whirlwind tour of GStreamer
+- What's HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
+- HLS implementation
+
+# GStreamer
+
+- Multiplatform Pipeline based multimedia framework
+- Bindings for various languages
+- Allows building complex media processing workflows
+- Some applications
+  * PiTiVi (Video Editor)
+  * amaroK, Banshee, Clementine (audio players)
+  * Empathy (VOIP and video conferencing)
+  * GstLAL (gravitational wave data analysis)
+  * Rygel (DLNA streaming server and renderer)
+  * Totem (movie player for the GNOME desktop)
+
+
+# Simple pipeline
+
+  ```bash
+  gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! autovideosink
+  gst-launch-1.0 audiotestsrc ! autoaudiosink
+  ```
+
+# Media pipeline[^1]
+
+![*_Simple Player_*](simple-player.png){width=80%}
+
+[^1]: [Dynamic Pipelines](https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/basic/dynamic-pipelines.html?gi-language=c)
+
+# HLS
+
+- HTTP-based adaptive bit-rate streaming communications protocol
+- Developed by Apple and released in 2009
+- Standardised in [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216)
+- HTTP traffic, unlike UDP-based protocols such as RTP
+- Content can be offered from conventional HTTP servers
+- Delivered over widely available HTTP-based content delivery networks
+
+# Motivation
+
+- Video on demand content
+  * HLS is better than just serving media directly over HTTP
+  * Can describe metadata
+  * Variants using a bit rate ladder
+  - Alternate media renditions
+- Live content
+  * Reuse the same mechanism
+  * Trading off lower cost distribution via CDN at the cost of latency over real time
+
+# Playlist[^2]
+
+```m3u8
+   #EXTM3U
+   #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10
+   #EXT-X-VERSION:3
+   #EXTINF:9.009,
+   http://media.example.com/first.ts
+   #EXTINF:9.009,
+   http://media.example.com/second.ts
+   #EXTINF:3.003,
+   http://media.example.com/third.ts
+   #EXT-X-ENDLIST
+```
+
+[^2]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#page-50)
+
+# Master playlist[^3]
+
+```m3u8
+   #EXTM3U
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1280000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=1000000
+   http://example.com/low.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=2560000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=2000000
+   http://example.com/mid.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=7680000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=6000000
+   http://example.com/hi.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=65000,CODECS="mp4a.40.5"
+   http://example.com/audio-only.m3u8
+```
+[^3]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#section-8.4)
+
+# Master playlist[^4]
+
+```m3u8
+   #EXTM3U
+   #EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=AUDIO,GROUP-ID="aac",NAME="English", \
+      DEFAULT=YES,AUTOSELECT=YES,LANGUAGE="en", \
+      URI="main/english-audio.m3u8"
+   #EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=AUDIO,GROUP-ID="aac",NAME="Deutsch", \
+      DEFAULT=NO,AUTOSELECT=YES,LANGUAGE="de", \
+      URI="main/german-audio.m3u8"
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1280000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
+   low/video-only.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=2560000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
+   mid/video-only.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=7680000,CODECS="...",AUDIO="aac"
+   hi/video-only.m3u8
+   #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=65000,CODECS="mp4a.40.5",AUDIO="aac"
+   main/english-audio.m3u8
+```
+[^4]: [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216#section-8.6)
+
+# Implementation
+
+- New GStreamer plugin
+- Written in Rust
+- Uses [m3u8-rs](https://docs.rs/m3u8-rs/latest/m3u8_rs/) and existing [`hlssink3`](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/tree/main/net/hlssink3?ref_type=heads)
+- Open MR: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-plugins-rs/-/merge_requests/1515
+
+# Demo
+
+Using
+
+- [videojs](https://videojs.com/)
+- `python3 -m http.server`
+- Sample GStreamer Rust Code[^5]
+
+[^5]: [HLS sample app](https://git.sanchayanmaity.net/sanchayanmaity/gst-hlssink4)
+
+# References
+
+- [RFC 8216](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8216)
+- [HLS in depth](https://dyte.io/blog/hls-in-depth/)
+- [LL-HLS in depth](https://dyte.io/blog/ll-hls-in-depth/)
+- [HTTP Live Streaming - A Practical Guide](https://hlsbook.net/)
+- [HTTP Live Streaming - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Live_Streaming)
+
+# Questions
+
+- Reach out on
+  * Email: sanchayan@sanchayanmaity.net
+  * Mastodon: [sanchayanmaity.com](https://sanchayanmaity.com/@sanchayan)
+  * Telegram: https://t.me/SanchayanMaity
+  * Blog: [sanchayanmaity.net](https://sanchayanmaity.net/)