bd0f8badfa
Replaces commands/fortune. No Minix specific changes needed. Change-Id: Iac79ea82dedd12e80377c85954da5e2d8eee74af
143 lines
4.5 KiB
Text
143 lines
4.5 KiB
Text
List 20 largest files (larger than 5 MB) sorted by megabytes:
|
|
|
|
find / -type f -size +10000 -print0 | xargs -0 du -m | sort -nr | head -20
|
|
%
|
|
You can keep specific rc.conf configurations in individual files
|
|
under /etc/rc.conf.d/ where each file is named after the $name of
|
|
the rc.d script. Some configurations may have different names than
|
|
the script; see the $name variable to check.
|
|
%
|
|
You can see the total used buffers in megabytes with:
|
|
|
|
vmstat -s | awk '
|
|
/ bytes per page$/ { bpp = $1 }
|
|
/ cached file pages$/ { cfp = $1 }
|
|
/ cached executable pages$/ { cep = $1 }
|
|
END { print((cfp + cep) * bpp / 1024 / 1024); }'
|
|
%
|
|
You can view a value of a variable in pkgsrc by using the show-var
|
|
target, for example:
|
|
|
|
make show-var VARNAME=MAINTAINER
|
|
%
|
|
You can view the basic order of your rc.d scripts with:
|
|
|
|
rcorder /etc/rc.d/*
|
|
%
|
|
You can ask questions about NetBSD at the netbsd-users@NetBSD.org
|
|
mailing list. Be sure to clearly explain your problem, what you
|
|
tried, what results you had, and what you expected.
|
|
%
|
|
You can view your non-default Postfix settings with:
|
|
|
|
postconf -n
|
|
%
|
|
To report about installed packages with known vulnerabilities,
|
|
fetch the latest pkg-vulnerabilities file as the superuser with:
|
|
|
|
download-vulnerability-list
|
|
|
|
And then run:
|
|
|
|
audit-packages
|
|
%
|
|
The following shows an example of temporarily adding 10MB more swap
|
|
space for virtual memory:
|
|
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swapfile bs=1024 count=10240
|
|
chmod go= /root/swapfile
|
|
swapctl -a /root/swapfile
|
|
%
|
|
If your console ever gets broken, you can try resetting it to its
|
|
initial state with:
|
|
|
|
printf "\033c
|
|
%
|
|
If you installed a package, but don't know what the software is
|
|
called or what executables to run, use pkg_info with the -L switch
|
|
to list the package's files and search for /bin:
|
|
|
|
pkg_info -L PACKAGE-NAME | grep /bin
|
|
%
|
|
A new user can be added by using the useradd tool with the -m switch
|
|
to create the home directory. Then set the password. For example:
|
|
|
|
useradd -m susan
|
|
passwd susan
|
|
%
|
|
To modify user account information use the chpass or usermod tools.
|
|
If you need to edit the user database directly, use the vipw command.
|
|
%
|
|
You can temporarily start the SSH server by running the following
|
|
as root:
|
|
|
|
/etc/rc.d/sshd onestart
|
|
%
|
|
Several IP Filter and ipnat examples are available in the
|
|
/usr/share/examples/ipf/ directory.
|
|
%
|
|
Want to dual boot using a bluetooth mouse or keyboard? Use btkey(1)
|
|
to store the link key in the hardware.
|
|
%
|
|
If you are having trouble connecting to a remote bluetooth device,
|
|
try the btconfig(8) inquiry command. The kernel will retain some
|
|
clock offset information that may help.
|
|
%
|
|
You can download files via HTTP using the ftp(1) command; for example:
|
|
|
|
ftp http://www.NetBSD.org/images/NetBSD.png
|
|
%
|
|
The mtree(8) tool can be used to check permissions, ownerships,
|
|
file changes, and more when compared against a specification. For
|
|
example to check directory ownership and permissions for standard
|
|
NetBSD directories, run:
|
|
|
|
/usr/sbin/mtree -e -p / -f /etc/mtree/NetBSD.dist
|
|
%
|
|
If you need reminders on your console to leave, use the leave(1)
|
|
tool. For example to receive reminders to leave in one hour:
|
|
|
|
leave +0100
|
|
%
|
|
To stop non-superuser logins until next boot, as root:
|
|
|
|
touch /etc/nologin
|
|
%
|
|
When extracting distribution tar sets, be sure to use the pax -pe
|
|
option or the tar -p switch to preserve the user and group and file
|
|
modes (including setuid and setgid). This is needed, for example,
|
|
so su(1) will work after extracting the base.tgz set.
|
|
%
|
|
Math can be done within the sh(1) and ksh(1) shells or with expr(1),
|
|
dc(1), bc(1), or awk(1). Here are some simple examples:
|
|
|
|
echo $((431 * 79))
|
|
expr 60 \* 60 \* 24 \* 7
|
|
%
|
|
You can view network connections with the fstat, netstat -a, sockstat,
|
|
and "systat netstat" commands.
|
|
%
|
|
Visit the NetBSD Security website to keep track of advisories:
|
|
http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/
|
|
Or join the security-announce mailing list for alerts:
|
|
http://www.netbsd.org/mailinglists/#security-announce
|
|
%
|
|
Here's an example of finding what package a file belongs to:
|
|
|
|
pkg_info -Fe /usr/pkg/bin/inw
|
|
%
|
|
Many log files are checked for rotation every hour by newsyslog(8).
|
|
It is configured in /etc/newsyslog.conf.
|
|
%
|
|
NetBSD's default cron jobs are defined in the /var/cron/tabs/root
|
|
file. As the superuser, use "crontab -l" to view it. To edit it,
|
|
use "crontab -e" (which defaults to using the vi(1) editor).
|
|
%
|
|
You can make sure that your system is stable and behaves correctly by
|
|
running the tests in /usr/tests (which come from the tests.tgz set).
|
|
To do so:
|
|
|
|
vi /etc/atf/NetBSD.conf
|
|
cd /usr/tests
|
|
atf-run | atf-report
|
|
%
|