2fe8fb192f
There is important information about booting non-ack images in docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the new boot monitor is recommended. Changes in this commit: . drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support . facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING . no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries . some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases . drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet). . a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir . new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/ . test compile fix . harmonize includes . /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even less on the state of the machine making them now. . rename nbsd_lib* to lib* . reduce mtree
263 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
263 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: strtoul.3,v 1.25 2009/12/02 12:50:27 pooka Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
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.\" on Information Processing Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)strtoul.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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.\"
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.Dd December 2, 2009
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.Dt STRTOUL 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm strtoul ,
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.Nm strtoull ,
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.Nm strtoumax ,
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.Nm strtouq
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.Nd convert a string to an unsigned long, unsigned long long, uintmax_t or uquad_t integer
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In stdlib.h
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.In limits.h
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.Ft unsigned long int
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.Fn strtoul "const char * restrict nptr" "char ** restrict endptr" "int base"
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.Ft unsigned long long int
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.Fn strtoull "const char * restrict nptr" "char ** restrict endptr" "int base"
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.Pp
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.In inttypes.h
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.Ft uintmax_t
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.Fn strtoumax "const char * restrict nptr" "char ** restrict endptr" "int base"
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.Pp
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.In sys/types.h
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.In stdlib.h
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.In limits.h
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.Ft u_quad_t
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.Fn strtouq "const char * restrict nptr" "char ** restrict endptr" "int base"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn strtoul
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function
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converts the string in
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.Fa nptr
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to an
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.Ft unsigned long int
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value.
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The
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.Fn strtoull
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function
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converts the string in
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.Fa nptr
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to an
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.Ft unsigned long long int
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value.
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The
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.Fn strtoumax
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function
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converts the string in
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.Fa nptr
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to an
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.Ft uintmax_t
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value.
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The
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.Fn strtouq
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function
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converts the string in
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.Fa nptr
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to a
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.Ft u_quad_t
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value.
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The conversion is done according to the given
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.Fa base ,
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which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive,
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or be the special value 0.
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.Pp
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The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space
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(as determined by
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.Xr isspace 3 )
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followed by a single optional
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.Ql +
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or
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.Ql -
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sign.
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If
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.Fa base
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is zero or 16,
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the string may then include a
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.Ql 0x
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prefix,
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and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero
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.Fa base
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is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is
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.Ql 0 ,
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in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
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.Pp
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The remainder of the string is converted to an
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.Em unsigned long
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value in the obvious manner,
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stopping at the end of the string
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or at the first character that does not produce a valid digit
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in the given base.
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(In bases above 10, the letter
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.Ql A
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in either upper or lower case
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represents 10,
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.Ql B
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represents 11, and so forth, with
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.Ql Z
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representing 35.)
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.Pp
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If
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.Fa endptr
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is non-nil,
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.Fn strtoul
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stores the address of the first invalid character in
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.Fa *endptr .
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If there were no digits at all, however,
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.Fn strtoul
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stores the original value of
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.Fa nptr
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in
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.Fa *endptr .
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(Thus, if
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.Fa *nptr
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is not
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.Ql \e0
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but
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.Fa **endptr
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is
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.Ql \e0
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on return, the entire string was valid.)
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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The
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.Fn strtoul
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function
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returns either the result of the conversion
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or, if there was a leading minus sign,
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the negation of the result of the conversion,
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unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow;
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in the latter case,
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.Fn strtoul
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returns
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.Dv ULONG_MAX ,
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.Fn strtoull
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returns
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.Dv ULLONG_MAX ,
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.Fn strtoumax
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returns
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.Dv UINTMAX_MAX ,
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.Fn strtouq
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returns
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.Dv UQUAD_MAX ,
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and the global variable
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.Va errno
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is set to
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.Er ERANGE .
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.Pp
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There is no way to determine if
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.Fn strtoul
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has processed a negative number (and returned an unsigned value) short of
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examining the string in
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.Fa nptr
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directly.
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If the
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.Fa base
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argument is not supported then
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.Va errno
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is set to
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.Er EINVAL
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and the functions return 0.
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.Pp
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If no error occurs,
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.Va errno
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is left unchanged.
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This behavior (which is unlike most library functions) is guaranteed
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by the pertinent standards.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Because the return value of
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.Fn strtoul
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cannot be used unambiguously to detect an error,
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.Va errno
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is left unchanged after a successful call.
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To ensure that a string is a valid number (i.e., in range and containing no
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trailing characters), clear
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.Va errno
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beforehand explicitly, then check it afterwards:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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char *ep;
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unsigned long ulval;
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\&...
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errno = 0;
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ulval = strtoul(buf, \*[Am]ep, 10);
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if (buf[0] == '\e0' || *ep != '\e0')
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goto not_a_number;
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if (errno == ERANGE \*[Am]\*[Am] ulval == ULONG_MAX)
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goto out_of_range;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This example will accept
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.Dq 12
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but not
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.Dq 12foo
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or
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.Dq 12\en .
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If trailing whitespace is acceptable, further checks must be done on
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.Va *ep ;
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alternately, use
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.Xr sscanf 3 .
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The
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.Ar base
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is not between 2 and 36 and does not contain the special value 0.
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.It Bq Er ERANGE
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The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr strtoimax 3 ,
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.Xr strtol 3 ,
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.Xr strtoll 3
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn strtoul
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function
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conforms to
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.St -ansiC .
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The
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.Fn strtoull
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and
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.Fn strtoumax
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functions conform to
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.St -isoC-99 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Ignores the current locale.
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