2fe8fb192f
There is important information about booting non-ack images in docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the new boot monitor is recommended. Changes in this commit: . drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support . facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING . no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries . some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases . drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet). . a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir . new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/ . test compile fix . harmonize includes . /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even less on the state of the machine making them now. . rename nbsd_lib* to lib* . reduce mtree
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8.1 KiB
Groff
311 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: rcmd.3,v 1.28 2010/03/22 19:30:54 joerg Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rcmd.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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.\"
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.Dd March 30, 2005
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.Dt RCMD 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rcmd ,
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.Nm orcmd ,
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.Nm rcmd_af ,
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.Nm orcmd_af ,
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.Nm rresvport ,
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.Nm rresvport_af ,
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.Nm iruserok ,
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.Nm ruserok ,
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.Nm iruserok_sa
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.Nd routines for returning a stream to a remote command
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In unistd.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn rcmd "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p"
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.Ft int
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.Fn orcmd "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p"
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.Ft int
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.Fn rcmd_af "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p" "int af"
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.Ft int
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.Fn orcmd_af "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p" "int af"
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.Ft int
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.Fn rresvport "int *port"
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.Ft int
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.Fn rresvport_af "int *port" "int family"
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.Ft int
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.Fn iruserok "uint32_t raddr" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
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.Ft int
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.Fn ruserok "const char *rhost" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
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.Ft int
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.Fn iruserok_sa "const void *raddr" "int rlen" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn rcmd
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function is available for use by anyone to run commands on a
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remote system. It acts like the
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.Fn orcmd
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command, with the exception that it makes a call out to the
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.Xr rcmd 1
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command, or any other user-specified command, to perform the
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actual connection (thus not requiring
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that the caller be running as the super-user), and is only
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available for the
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.Dq shell/tcp
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port.
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The
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.Fn orcmd
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function
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is used by the super-user to execute a command on
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a remote machine using an authentication scheme based
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on reserved port numbers.
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While
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.Fn rcmd
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and
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.Fn orcmd
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can only handle IPv4 address in the first argument,
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.Fn rcmd_af
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and
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.Fn orcmd_af
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can handle other cases as well.
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The
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.Fn rresvport
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function
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returns a descriptor to a socket
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with an address in the privileged port space.
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The
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.Fn rresvport_af
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function is similar to
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.Fn rresvport ,
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but you can explicitly specify the address family to use.
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Calling
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.Fn rresvport_af
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with
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.Dv AF_INET
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has the same effect as
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.Fn rresvport .
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The
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.Fn iruserok
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and
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.Fn ruserok
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functions are used by servers
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to authenticate clients requesting service with
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.Fn rcmd .
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All six functions are present in the same file and are used
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by the
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.Xr rshd 8
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server (among others).
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.Fn iruserok_sa
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is an address family independent variant of
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.Fn iruserok .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn rcmd
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function
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looks up the host
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.Fa *ahost
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using
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.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
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returning \-1 if the host does not exist.
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Otherwise
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.Fa *ahost
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is set to the standard name of the host
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and a connection is established to a server
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residing at the well-known Internet port
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.Fa inport .
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.Pp
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If the connection succeeds,
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a socket in the Internet domain of type
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.Dv SOCK_STREAM
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is returned to the caller, and given to the remote
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command as
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.Em stdin
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and
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.Em stdout .
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If
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.Fa fd2p
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is non-zero, then an auxiliary channel to a control
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process will be set up, and a descriptor for it will be placed
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in
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.Fa *fd2p .
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The control process will return diagnostic
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output from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also
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accept bytes on this channel as being
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.Ux
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signal numbers, to be
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forwarded to the process group of the command.
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If
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.Fa fd2p
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is 0, then the
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.Em stderr
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(unit 2 of the remote
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command) will be made the same as the
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.Em stdout
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and no
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provision is made for sending arbitrary signals to the remote process,
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although you may be able to get its attention by using out-of-band data.
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.Pp
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.Fn rcmd_af
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and
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.Fn orcmd_af
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take address family in the last argument.
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If the last argument is
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.Dv PF_UNSPEC ,
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interpretation of
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.Fa *ahost
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will obey the underlying address resolution like DNS.
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.Pp
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The protocol is described in detail in
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.Xr rshd 8 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn rresvport
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and
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.Fn rresvport_af
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functions are used to obtain a socket with a privileged
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address bound to it. This socket is suitable for use
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by
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.Fn rcmd
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and several other functions. Privileged Internet ports are those
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in the range 0 to 1023. Only the super-user
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is allowed to bind an address of this sort to a socket.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn iruserok
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and
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.Fn ruserok
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functions take a remote host's IP address or name, respectively,
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two user names and a flag indicating whether the local user's
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name is that of the super-user.
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Then, if the user is
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.Em NOT
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the super-user, it checks the
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.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
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file.
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If that lookup is not done, or is unsuccessful, the
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.Pa .rhosts
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in the local user's home directory is checked to see if the request for
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service is allowed.
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.Pp
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If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone
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other than the user or the super-user, or is writable by anyone other
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than the owner, the check automatically fails.
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Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the
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.Dq Pa hosts.equiv
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file, or the host and remote user name are found in the
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.Dq Pa .rhosts
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file; otherwise
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.Fn iruserok
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and
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.Fn ruserok
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return \-1.
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If the local domain (as obtained from
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.Xr gethostname 3 )
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is the same as the remote domain, only the machine name need be specified.
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.Pp
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If the IP address of the remote host is known,
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.Fn iruserok
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should be used in preference to
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.Fn ruserok ,
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as it does not require trusting the DNS server for the remote host's domain.
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.Pp
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While
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.Fn iruserok
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can handle IPv4 addresses only,
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.Fn iruserok_sa
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and
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.Fn ruserok
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can handle other address families as well, like IPv6.
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The first argument of
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.Fn iruserok_sa
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is typed as
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.Fa "void *"
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to avoid dependency between
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.In unistd.h
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and
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.In sys/socket.h .
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width RCMD_CMDxx -compact
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.It Ev RCMD_CMD
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When using the
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.Fn rcmd
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function, this variable is used as the program to run instead of
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.Xr rcmd 1 .
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The
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.Fn rcmd
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function
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returns a valid socket descriptor on success.
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It returns \-1 on error and prints a diagnostic message on the standard error.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn rresvport
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and
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.Fn rresvport_af
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function
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return a valid, bound socket descriptor on success.
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They return \-1 on error with the global value
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.Va errno
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set according to the reason for failure.
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The error code
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.Dv EAGAIN
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is overloaded to mean ``All network ports in use.''
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr rcmd 1 ,
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.Xr rlogin 1 ,
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.Xr rsh 1 ,
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.Xr intro 2 ,
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.Xr rexec 3 ,
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.Xr hosts.equiv 5 ,
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.Xr rhosts 5 ,
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.Xr rexecd 8 ,
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.Xr rlogind 8 ,
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.Xr rshd 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn orcmd ,
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.Fn rresvport ,
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.Fn iruserok
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and
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.Fn ruserok
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functions appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 ,
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where the
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.Fn orcmd
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function was called
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.Fn rcmd .
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The (newer)
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.Fn rcmd
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function appeared in
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.Nx 1.3 .
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.Fn rcmd_af
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and
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.Fn rresvport_af
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were defined in RFC2292.
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