1431 lines
55 KiB
Text
1431 lines
55 KiB
Text
# @(#)australasia 8.6
|
|
# <pre>
|
|
|
|
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
|
|
|
|
# Notes are at the end of this file
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Australia
|
|
|
|
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
|
|
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
|
|
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
# Northern Territory
|
|
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
9:00 - CST 1899 May
|
|
9:30 Aus CST
|
|
# Western Australia
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
|
|
8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
|
|
8:00 AW WST
|
|
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
|
|
8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
|
|
8:45 AW CWST
|
|
|
|
# Queensland
|
|
#
|
|
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
|
|
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
|
|
# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
|
|
# Queensland ceased to.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
|
|
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
|
|
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
|
|
# so use Lindeman.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1971
|
|
10:00 AQ EST
|
|
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1971
|
|
10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
|
|
10:00 Holiday EST
|
|
|
|
# South Australia
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
9:00 - CST 1899 May
|
|
9:30 Aus CST 1971
|
|
9:30 AS CST
|
|
|
|
# Tasmania
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
|
|
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
|
|
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
|
|
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
|
|
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1967
|
|
10:00 AT EST
|
|
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
|
|
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
|
|
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
|
|
10:00 AT EST
|
|
|
|
# Victoria
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1971
|
|
10:00 AV EST
|
|
|
|
# New South Wales
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
|
|
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
10:00 Aus EST 1971
|
|
10:00 AN EST
|
|
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
|
|
9:00 - CST 1899 May
|
|
9:30 Aus CST 1971
|
|
9:30 AN CST 2000
|
|
9:30 AS CST
|
|
|
|
# Lord Howe Island
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
|
|
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
|
|
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
|
|
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
|
|
Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
|
|
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
|
|
10:30 LH LHST
|
|
|
|
# Australian miscellany
|
|
#
|
|
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
|
|
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
|
|
# no times are set
|
|
#
|
|
# Coral Sea Is
|
|
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
|
|
# no times are set
|
|
#
|
|
# Macquarie
|
|
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
|
|
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
|
|
# like Australia/Hobart
|
|
|
|
# Christmas
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
|
|
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
|
|
|
|
# Cook Is
|
|
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
|
|
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
|
|
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
|
|
-10:00 Cook CK%sT
|
|
|
|
# Cocos
|
|
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
|
|
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
|
|
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
|
|
|
|
# Fiji
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
|
|
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
|
|
|
|
# French Polynesia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
|
|
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
|
|
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
|
|
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
|
|
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
|
|
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
|
|
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
|
|
# it is uninhabited.
|
|
|
|
# Guam
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
|
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
|
|
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
|
|
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
|
|
|
# Kiribati
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
|
|
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
|
|
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
|
|
-11:00 - PHOT 1995
|
|
13:00 - PHOT
|
|
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
|
|
-10:00 - LINT 1995
|
|
14:00 - LINT
|
|
|
|
# N Mariana Is
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
|
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
|
|
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
|
|
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
|
|
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
|
|
|
# Marshall Is
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
|
|
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
|
|
12:00 - MHT
|
|
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
|
|
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
|
|
12:00 - MHT
|
|
|
|
# Micronesia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
|
|
10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
|
|
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
|
|
11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
|
|
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
|
|
12:00 - KOST 1999
|
|
11:00 - KOST
|
|
|
|
# Nauru
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
|
|
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
|
|
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
|
|
11:30 - NRT 1979 May
|
|
12:00 - NRT
|
|
|
|
# New Caledonia
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
|
|
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
|
|
11:00 NC NC%sT
|
|
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# New Zealand
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
|
|
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
|
|
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
|
|
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
|
|
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
|
|
# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
|
|
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
|
|
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
|
|
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
|
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
|
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
|
|
Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
|
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
|
|
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
|
|
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
|
|
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Auckland Is
|
|
# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
|
|
# and scientific personnel have wintered
|
|
|
|
# Campbell I
|
|
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
|
|
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
|
|
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
|
|
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Niue
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
|
|
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
|
|
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
|
|
-11:00 - NUT
|
|
|
|
# Norfolk
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
|
|
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
|
|
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
|
|
|
|
# Palau (Belau)
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
|
|
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
|
|
|
|
# Papua New Guinea
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
|
|
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
|
|
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
|
|
|
|
# Pitcairn
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
|
|
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
|
|
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
|
|
|
|
# American Samoa
|
|
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
|
|
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
|
|
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
|
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
|
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
|
|
|
# Samoa
|
|
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
|
|
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
|
|
-11:00 - WST # Samoa Time
|
|
|
|
# Solomon Is
|
|
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
|
|
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
|
|
|
|
# Tokelau Is
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
-10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
|
|
|
|
# Tonga
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
|
|
13:00 - TOT 1999
|
|
13:00 Tonga TO%sT
|
|
|
|
# Tuvalu
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
|
|
|
|
|
|
# US minor outlying islands
|
|
|
|
# Howland, Baker
|
|
# uninhabited since World War II
|
|
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
|
|
|
|
# Jarvis
|
|
# uninhabited since 1958
|
|
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
|
# Johnston
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
|
|
|
|
# Kingman
|
|
# uninhabited
|
|
|
|
# Midway
|
|
#
|
|
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
|
|
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
|
|
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
|
|
# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
|
|
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
|
|
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
|
|
# designations that I've never seen before:....
|
|
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
|
|
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
|
|
#
|
|
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
|
|
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
|
|
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
|
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
|
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
|
|
|
# Palmyra
|
|
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
|
# Wake
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Vanuatu
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
|
|
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
|
|
|
|
# Wallis and Futuna
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# NOTES
|
|
|
|
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
|
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
|
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
|
|
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
|
|
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
|
|
#
|
|
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
|
|
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
|
|
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
|
|
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
|
|
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
|
|
#
|
|
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
|
|
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
|
|
#
|
|
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
|
|
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
|
|
# I found in the UCLA library.
|
|
#
|
|
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
|
|
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
|
|
#
|
|
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
|
|
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
|
|
# Corrections are welcome!
|
|
# std dst
|
|
# LMT Local Mean Time
|
|
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
|
|
# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
|
|
# 9:00 JST Japan
|
|
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
|
|
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
|
|
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
|
|
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
|
|
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
|
|
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
|
|
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
|
|
# -11:00 SST Samoa
|
|
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
|
|
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
|
|
#
|
|
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
|
|
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Australia
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
|
|
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
|
|
# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
|
|
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
|
|
# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
|
|
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
|
|
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
|
|
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
|
|
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
|
|
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
|
|
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
|
|
# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
|
|
# time'.
|
|
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
|
|
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
|
|
# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
|
|
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
|
|
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
|
|
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
|
|
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
|
|
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
|
|
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
|
|
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
|
|
|
|
# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
|
|
# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
|
|
# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
|
|
# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
|
|
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
|
|
# versus "AEST" etc.:
|
|
#
|
|
# I see the following points of dispute:
|
|
#
|
|
# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
|
|
#
|
|
# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
|
|
# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
|
|
# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
|
|
# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
|
|
# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
|
|
# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
|
|
# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
|
|
# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
|
|
#
|
|
# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
|
|
# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
|
|
# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
|
|
# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
|
|
#
|
|
# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
|
|
#
|
|
# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
|
|
# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
|
|
# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
|
|
# Time, for example.
|
|
#
|
|
# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
|
|
# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
|
|
# tiebreaker.
|
|
#
|
|
# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
|
|
# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
|
|
# the word "Australian"?
|
|
#
|
|
# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
|
|
# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
|
|
# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
|
|
# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
|
|
# following count of page hits:
|
|
#
|
|
# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
|
|
# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
|
|
# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
|
|
# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
|
|
#
|
|
# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
|
|
# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
|
|
# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
|
|
# are the hit counts anyway:
|
|
#
|
|
# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
|
|
# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
|
|
# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
|
|
# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
|
|
# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
|
|
# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
|
|
# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
|
|
# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
|
|
# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
|
|
# the ambiguities involved.
|
|
#
|
|
# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
|
|
#
|
|
# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
|
|
# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
|
|
# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
|
|
# understood in Australia.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
|
|
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
|
|
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
|
|
# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
|
|
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
|
|
#
|
|
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
|
|
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
|
|
# relevant entries in this database.
|
|
#
|
|
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# ACT
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# SA
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time Act, 1898
|
|
# </a>
|
|
|
|
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
|
|
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
|
|
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
|
|
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
|
|
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
|
|
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
|
|
# to extend DST together in 2006.
|
|
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
|
|
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
|
|
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
|
|
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
|
|
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
|
|
# allude to it.
|
|
# But not Queensland
|
|
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
|
|
|
|
# Northern Territory
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
|
# Western Australia
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
|
|
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
|
|
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
|
|
# # before reaching parliament.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
|
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
|
|
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
|
|
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
|
|
# work at 9.00am.)
|
|
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
|
|
# everybody again.
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
|
|
# it matches what was used in the past.
|
|
|
|
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
|
|
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
|
|
# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
|
|
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
|
|
|
|
# Queensland
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
|
|
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
|
|
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
|
|
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
|
|
# October 1989).
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
|
|
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
|
|
# me.)
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
|
|
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
|
|
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
|
|
|
|
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
|
|
# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
|
|
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
|
|
# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
|
|
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
|
|
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
|
|
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
|
|
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
|
|
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
|
|
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
|
|
# Australia and Western Australia....
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
|
|
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
|
|
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
|
|
# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
|
|
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
|
|
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
|
|
# coast of the continent.
|
|
#
|
|
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
|
|
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
|
|
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
|
|
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
|
|
# the largest population centre in this zone....
|
|
#
|
|
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
|
|
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
|
|
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
|
|
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
|
|
#
|
|
# (2006-12-09):
|
|
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
|
|
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
|
|
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
|
|
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
|
|
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
|
|
# introduction of standard time in 1895.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
|
|
# There are lots of differences between these rules and
|
|
# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
|
|
# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
|
|
# current DST ending dates, no worries.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
|
|
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
|
|
# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
|
|
# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00
|
|
# 10:00 Oz EST
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
|
|
# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
|
|
# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
|
|
# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
|
|
# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
|
|
# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
|
|
|
|
# South Australia
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
|
|
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
|
|
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
|
|
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
|
|
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
|
|
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
|
|
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
|
|
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
|
|
# is on...
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
|
|
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
|
|
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
|
|
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
|
|
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
|
|
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
|
|
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
|
|
|
|
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
|
|
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
|
|
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
|
|
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
|
|
|
|
# Tasmania
|
|
|
|
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
|
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
|
|
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
|
|
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
|
|
# (but nothing new about that).
|
|
|
|
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
|
|
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
|
|
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
|
|
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
|
|
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
|
|
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
|
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
|
|
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
|
|
|
|
# Victoria
|
|
|
|
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
|
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
|
|
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
|
|
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
|
|
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
|
|
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
|
|
# in Melbourne, Australia.
|
|
#
|
|
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
|
|
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
|
|
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
|
|
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
|
|
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
|
|
# expected time.
|
|
#
|
|
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
|
|
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
|
|
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
|
|
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
|
|
#
|
|
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
|
|
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
|
|
|
|
# New South Wales
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson:
|
|
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
|
|
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
|
|
# who notes:
|
|
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
|
|
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
|
|
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
|
|
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
|
|
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
|
|
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
|
|
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
|
|
# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
|
|
# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
|
|
# Two months more daylight saving
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
|
# See the following official NSW source:
|
|
# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
|
|
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
|
|
# </a>
|
|
#
|
|
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
|
|
# daylight saving next year. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
|
|
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
|
|
#
|
|
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
|
|
# Vic to extend daylight saving
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-28).
|
|
#
|
|
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
|
|
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-19).
|
|
#
|
|
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
|
|
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
|
|
# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
|
|
# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
|
|
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
|
|
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
|
|
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
|
|
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
|
|
#
|
|
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
|
|
# Broken Hill to be behind the times
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-21).
|
|
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
|
|
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
|
|
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
|
|
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
|
|
# towns to use Queensland time.
|
|
|
|
# Yancowinna
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
|
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
|
|
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
|
|
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
|
|
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
|
|
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
|
|
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
|
|
# # presently available.
|
|
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
|
|
# [followed by other Rules]
|
|
|
|
# Lord Howe Island
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
|
|
# [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
|
|
# hour ahead of NSW time.
|
|
|
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
|
|
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
|
|
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
|
|
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
|
|
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
|
|
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
|
|
# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
|
|
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
|
|
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
|
|
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
|
|
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
|
|
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
|
|
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
|
|
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
|
|
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
|
|
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# New Zealand
|
|
|
|
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
|
|
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
|
|
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
|
|
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
|
|
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
|
|
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
|
|
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
|
|
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
|
|
# rather than the October 1 value.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
|
|
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
|
|
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
|
|
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
|
|
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
|
|
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
|
|
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
#
|
|
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
|
|
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
|
|
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Fiji
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
|
|
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
|
|
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
|
|
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
|
|
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
|
|
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
|
|
|
|
# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
|
|
# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
|
|
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
|
|
# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
|
|
# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
|
|
# millenium.
|
|
|
|
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
|
|
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
|
|
|
|
# Johnston
|
|
|
|
# Johnston data is from usno1995.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Kiribati
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
|
|
# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
|
|
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Kwajalein
|
|
|
|
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
|
|
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
|
|
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
|
|
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
|
|
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# N Mariana Is, Guam
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
|
|
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
|
|
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
|
|
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
|
|
# see Asia/Manila.
|
|
|
|
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
|
|
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
|
|
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
|
|
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Micronesia
|
|
|
|
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
|
|
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
|
|
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
|
|
#
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
|
|
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
|
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
|
|
# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
|
|
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
|
|
# </a> (1999-01-26)
|
|
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
|
|
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Midway
|
|
|
|
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
|
|
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
|
|
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
|
|
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
|
|
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
|
|
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
|
|
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
|
|
# air at 6am your time.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
|
|
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
|
|
# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
|
|
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
|
|
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
|
|
#
|
|
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
|
|
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
|
|
# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
|
|
#
|
|
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
|
|
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
|
|
# somehow in light of this proclamation.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
|
|
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
|
|
# ... at midnight.
|
|
|
|
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
|
|
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
|
|
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
|
|
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Samoa
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
|
|
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
|
|
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
|
|
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
|
|
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Tonga
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
|
|
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
|
|
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
|
|
|
|
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
|
|
# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
|
|
# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
|
|
# </a>:
|
|
|
|
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
|
|
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
|
|
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
|
|
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
|
|
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
|
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
|
|
#
|
|
# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
|
|
# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
|
|
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
|
|
#
|
|
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
|
|
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
|
|
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
|
|
# minutes we have lost?"
|
|
#
|
|
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
|
|
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
|
|
# to say your prayers in the morning."
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
|
|
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
|
|
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
|
|
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
|
|
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
|
|
# Government.
|
|
|
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
|
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
|
|
#
|
|
# I was given this link by John Letts:
|
|
# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
|
|
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
|
|
# </a>
|
|
#
|
|
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
|
|
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
|
|
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
|
|
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
|
|
# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
|
|
# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
|
|
# </a>:
|
|
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
|
|
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
|
|
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
|
|
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
|
|
# set back an hour on the closing date."
|
|
# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
|
|
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
|
|
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
|
|
|
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
|
|
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
|
|
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
|
|
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
|
|
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
|
|
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
|
|
# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
|
|
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
|
|
|
|
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
|
|
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
|
|
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
|
|
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
|
|
# hour to 1:00am.
|
|
|
|
# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
|
|
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Wake
|
|
|
|
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
|
|
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
|
|
#
|
|
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
|
|
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
|
|
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
|
|
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
|
|
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
|
|
# impossible.
|
|
#
|
|
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# The International Date Line
|
|
|
|
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
|
|
#
|
|
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
|
|
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
|
|
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
|
|
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
|
|
#
|
|
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
|
|
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
|
|
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
|
|
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
|
|
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
|
|
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
|
|
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
|
|
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
|
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
|
|
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
|
|
# correct date is ambiguous.
|
|
|
|
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
|
|
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
|
|
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
|
|
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
|
|
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
|
|
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
|
|
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
|
|
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
|
|
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
|
|
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
|
|
# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
|
|
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
|
|
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
|
|
# (2005-03-20):
|
|
#
|
|
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
|
|
# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
|
|
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
|
|
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|