2fe8fb192f
There is important information about booting non-ack images in docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the new boot monitor is recommended. Changes in this commit: . drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support . facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING . no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries . some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases . drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet). . a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir . new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/ . test compile fix . harmonize includes . /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even less on the state of the machine making them now. . rename nbsd_lib* to lib* . reduce mtree
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8.3 KiB
Groff
310 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: getopt_long.3,v 1.18 2007/07/02 17:56:17 ginsbach Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)getopt.3 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
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.\"
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.Dd July 2, 2007
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.Dt GETOPT_LONG 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm getopt_long
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.Nd get long options from command line argument list
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In getopt.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn getopt_long "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring" "struct option *long_options" "int *index"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function is similar to
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.Xr getopt 3
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but it accepts options in two forms: words and characters.
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function provides a superset of the functionality of
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Fn getopt_long
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can be used in two ways.
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In the first way, every long option understood by the program has a
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corresponding short option, and the option structure is only used to
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translate from long options to short options.
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When used in this fashion,
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.Fn getopt_long
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behaves identically to
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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This is a good way to add long option processing to an existing program
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with the minimum of rewriting.
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.Pp
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In the second mechanism, a long option sets a flag in the
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.Fa option
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structure passed, or will store a pointer to the command line argument
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in the
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.Fa option
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structure passed to it for options that take arguments.
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Additionally, the long option's argument may be specified as a single
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argument with an equal sign, e.g.
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.Bd -literal
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myprogram --myoption=somevalue
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When a long option is processed the call to
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.Fn getopt_long
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will return 0.
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For this reason, long option processing without
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shortcuts is not backwards compatible with
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Pp
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It is possible to combine these methods, providing for long options
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processing with short option equivalents for some options.
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Less frequently used options would be processed as long options only.
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.Pp
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Abbreviated long option names are accepted when
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.Fn getopt_long
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processes long options if the abbreviation is unique.
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An exact match is always preferred for a defined long option.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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call requires a structure to be initialized describing the long options.
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The structure is:
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.Bd -literal
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struct option {
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char *name;
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int has_arg;
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int *flag;
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int val;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa name
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field should contain the option name without the leading double dash.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa has_arg
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field should be one of:
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.Bl -tag -width "optional_argument"
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.It Li no_argument
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no argument to the option is expect.
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.It Li required_argument
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an argument to the option is required.
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.It Li optional_argument
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an argument to the option may be presented.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Fa flag
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is not
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.Dv NULL ,
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then the integer pointed to by it will be set to the value in the
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.Fa val
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field.
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If the
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.Fa flag
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field is
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.Dv NULL ,
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then the
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.Fa val
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field will be returned.
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Setting
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.Fa flag
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to
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.Dv NULL
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and setting
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.Fa val
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to the corresponding short option will make this function act just
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like
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.Xr getopt 3 .
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fa index
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field is not
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.Dv NULL ,
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the integer it points to will be set to the index of the long option
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in the
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.Fa long_options
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array.
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.Pp
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The last element of the
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.Fa long_options
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array has to be filled with zeroes (see
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.Sx EXAMPLES
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section).
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Bd -literal -compact
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extern char *optarg;
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extern int optind;
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int bflag, ch, fd;
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int daggerset;
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/* options descriptor */
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static struct option longopts[] = {
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{ "buffy", no_argument, 0, 'b' },
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{ "fluoride", required_argument, 0, 'f' },
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{ "daggerset", no_argument, \*[Am]daggerset, 1 },
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{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
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};
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bflag = 0;
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while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, "bf:", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
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switch (ch) {
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case 'b':
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bflag = 1;
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break;
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case 'f':
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if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) \*[Lt] 0) {
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(void)fprintf(stderr,
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"myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
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exit(1);
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}
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break;
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case 0:
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if(daggerset) {
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fprintf(stderr,"Buffy will use her dagger to "
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"apply fluoride to dracula's teeth\en");
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}
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break;
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case '?':
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default:
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usage();
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}
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argc -= optind;
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argv += optind;
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.Ed
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.Sh IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENCES
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This section describes differences to the GNU implementation
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found in glibc-2.1.3:
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.Bl -tag -width "xxx"
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.It Li o
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handling of - as first char of option string in presence of
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environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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ignores POSIXLY_CORRECT and returns non-options as
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arguments to option '\e1'.
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.It Li NetBSD
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honors POSIXLY_CORRECT and stops at the first non-option.
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of :: in options string in presence of POSIXLY_CORRECT:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li Both
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GNU and NetBSD ignore POSIXLY_CORRECT here and take :: to
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mean the preceding option takes an optional argument.
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.El
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.It Li o
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return value in case of missing argument if first character
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(after + or -) in option string is not ':':
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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returns '?'
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.It NetBSD
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returns ':' (since NetBSD's getopt does).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of --a in getopt:
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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parses this as option '-', option 'a'.
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.It Li NetBSD
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parses this as '--', and returns \-1 (ignoring the a).
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(Because the original getopt does.)
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.El
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.It Li o
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setting of optopt for long options with flag !=
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.Dv NULL :
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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sets optopt to val.
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.It Li NetBSD
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sets optopt to 0 (since val would never be returned).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of -W with W; in option string in getopt (not getopt_long):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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causes a segfault.
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.It Li NetBSD
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returns \-1, with optind pointing past the argument of -W
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(as if `-W arg' were `--arg', and thus '--' had been found).
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.\" How should we treat W; in the option string when called via
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.\" getopt? Ignore the ';' or treat it as a ':'? Issue a warning?
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.El
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.It Li o
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setting of optarg for long options without an argument that are
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invoked via -W (W; in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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sets optarg to the option name (the argument of -W).
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.It Li NetBSD
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sets optarg to
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.Dv NULL
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(the argument of the long option).
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.El
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.It Li o
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handling of -W with an argument that is not (a prefix to) a known
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long option (W; in option string):
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.Bl -tag -width "NetBSD"
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.It Li GNU
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returns -W with optarg set to the unknown option.
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.It Li NetBSD
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treats this as an error (unknown option) and returns '?' with
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optopt set to 0 and optarg set to
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.Dv NULL
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(as GNU's man page documents).
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.El
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.It Li o
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The error messages are different.
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.It Li o
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NetBSD does not permute the argument vector at the same points in
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the calling sequence as GNU does.
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The aspects normally used by the caller
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(ordering after \-1 is returned, value of optind relative
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to current positions) are the same, though.
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(We do fewer variable swaps.)
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr getopt 3
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn getopt_long
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function first appeared in GNU libiberty.
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The first
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.Nx
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implementation appeared in 1.5.
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.Sh BUGS
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The implementation can completely replace
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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but right now we are using separate code.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa argv
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argument is not really const.
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