- Fix for possible unset uid/gid in toproto - Fix for default mtree style - Update libelf - Importing libexecinfo - Resynchronize GCC, mpc, gmp, mpfr - build.sh: Replace params with show-params. This has been done as the make target has been renamed in the same way, while a new target named params has been added. This new target generates a file containing all the parameters, instead of printing it on the console. - Update test48 with new etc/services (Fix by Ben Gras <ben@minix3.org) get getservbyport() out of the inner loop Change-Id: Ie6ad5226fa2621ff9f0dee8782ea48f9443d2091
2187 lines
56 KiB
Text
2187 lines
56 KiB
Text
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" %sccs.include.redist.roff%
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.\"
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.\" Id: ex.rm,v 8.5 1996/08/18 11:36:16 bostic Exp (Berkeley) Date: 1996/08/18 11:36:16
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.\"
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.nr LL 6.5i
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.nr FL 6.5i
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.EH 'USD:12-%''Ex Reference Manual'
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.OH 'Ex Reference Manual''USD:12-%'
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.nr )P 0
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.de ZP
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.nr pd \\n()P
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.nr )P 0
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.if \\n(.$=0 .IP
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.if \\n(.$=1 .IP "\\$1"
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.if \\n(.$>=2 .IP "\\$1" "\\$2"
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.nr )P \\n(pd
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.rm pd
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..
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.de LC
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.br
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.sp .1i
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.ne 4
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.LP
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.ta 4.0i
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..
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.bd S B 3
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.\".RP
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.TL
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Ex Reference Manual
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.br
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Version 3.7
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.AU
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William Joy
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.AU
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Mark Horton
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.AI
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Computer Science Division
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Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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University of California, Berkeley
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Berkeley, Ca. 94720
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.AB
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.I Ex
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a line oriented text editor, which supports both command and display
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oriented editing.
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This reference manual describes the command oriented part of
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.I ex;
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the display editing features of
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.I ex
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are described in
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.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi."
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|
Other documents about the editor include the introduction
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.I "Edit: A tutorial",
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the
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.I "Ex/edit Command Summary",
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and a
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.I "Vi Quick Reference"
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card.
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.AE
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.NH 1
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Starting ex
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.PP
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.FS
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The financial support of an \s-2IBM\s0 Graduate Fellowship and the National
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Science Foundation under grants MCS74-07644-A03 and MCS78-07291 is gratefully
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acknowledged.
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|
.FE
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|
Each instance of the editor has a set of options,
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which can be set to tailor it to your liking.
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|
The command
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.I edit
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|
invokes a version of
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.I ex
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designed for more casual or beginning
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users by changing the default settings of some of these options.
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|
To simplify the description which follows we
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|
assume the default settings of the options.
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.PP
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|
When invoked,
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|
.I ex
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determines the terminal type from the \s-2TERM\s0 variable in the environment.
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|
It there is a \s-2TERMCAP\s0 variable in the environment, and the type
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|
of the terminal described there matches the \s-2TERM\s0 variable,
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|
then that description
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|
is used. Also if the \s-2TERMCAP\s0 variable contains a pathname (beginning
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|
with a \fB/\fR) then the editor will seek the description of the terminal
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|
in that file (rather than the default /etc/termcap).
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|
If there is a variable \s-2EXINIT\s0 in the environment, then the editor
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|
will execute the commands in that variable,
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otherwise if there is a file
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.I \&.exrc
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in your \s-2HOME\s0 directory
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.I ex
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|
reads commands from that file, simulating a
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|
.I source
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|
command.
|
|
Option setting commands placed in
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|
\s-2EXINIT\s0 or
|
|
.I \&.exrc
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|
will be executed before each editor session.
|
|
.PP
|
|
A command to enter
|
|
.I ex
|
|
has the following prototype:\(dg
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|
.FS
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|
\(dg Brackets `[' `]' surround optional parameters here.
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.FE
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|
.DS
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|
\fBex\fP [ \fB\-\fP ] [ \fB\-v\fP ] [ \fB\-t\fP \fItag\fP ] [ \fB\-r\fP ] [ \fB\-l\fP ] [ \fB\-w\fP\fIn\fP ] [ \fB\-x\fP ] [ \fB\-R\fP ] [ \fB+\fP\fIcommand\fP ] name ...
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.DE
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|
The most common case edits a single file with no options, i.e.:
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|
.DS
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|
\fBex\fR name
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.DE
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|
The
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|
.B \-
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|
command line option
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|
option suppresses all interactive-user feedback
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|
and is useful in processing editor scripts in command files.
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|
The
|
|
.B \-v
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|
option is equivalent to using
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|
.I vi
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|
rather than
|
|
.I ex.
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-t
|
|
option is equivalent to an initial
|
|
.I tag
|
|
command, editing the file containing the
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|
.I tag
|
|
and positioning the editor at its definition.
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-r
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|
option is used in recovering after an editor or system crash,
|
|
retrieving the last saved version of the named file or,
|
|
if no file is specified,
|
|
typing a list of saved files.
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-l
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|
option sets up for editing \s-2LISP\s0, setting the
|
|
.I showmatch
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|
and
|
|
.I lisp
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|
options.
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-w
|
|
option sets the default window size to
|
|
.I n,
|
|
and is useful on dialups to start in small windows.
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-x
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|
option causes
|
|
.I ex
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|
to prompt for a
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|
.I key ,
|
|
which is used to encrypt and decrypt the contents of the file,
|
|
which should already be encrypted using the same key,
|
|
see
|
|
.I crypt (1).
|
|
The
|
|
.B \-R
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|
option sets the
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|
.I readonly
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|
option at the start.
|
|
.I Name
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|
arguments indicate files to be edited.
|
|
An argument of the form
|
|
\fB+\fIcommand\fR
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|
indicates that the editor should begin by executing the specified command.
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|
If
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|
.I command
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|
is omitted, then it defaults to ``$'', positioning the editor at the last
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|
line of the first file initially. Other useful commands here are scanning
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|
patterns of the form ``/pat'' or line numbers, e.g. ``+100'' starting
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|
at line 100.
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|
.NH 1
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|
File manipulation
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|
.NH 2
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|
Current file
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|
.PP
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|
.I Ex
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|
is normally editing the contents of a single file,
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|
whose name is recorded in the
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|
.I current
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|
file name.
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|
.I Ex
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|
performs all editing actions in a buffer
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|
(actually a temporary file)
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|
into which the text of the file is initially read.
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|
Changes made to the buffer have no effect on the file being
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|
edited unless and until the buffer contents are written out to the
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|
file with a
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|
.I write
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|
command.
|
|
After the buffer contents are written,
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|
the previous contents of the written file are no longer accessible.
|
|
When a file is edited,
|
|
its name becomes the current file name,
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|
and its contents are read into the buffer.
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.PP
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|
The current file is almost always considered to be
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.I edited.
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|
This means that the contents of the buffer are logically
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|
connected with the current file name,
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|
so that writing the current buffer contents onto that file,
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|
even if it exists,
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|
is a reasonable action.
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|
If the current file is not
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.I edited
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|
then
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.I ex
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|
will not normally write on it if it already exists.*
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|
.FS
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|
* The
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.I file
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|
command will say ``[Not edited]'' if the current file is not considered
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|
edited.
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|
.FE
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|
.NH 2
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|
Alternate file
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|
.PP
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|
Each time a new value is given to the current file name,
|
|
the previous current file name is saved as the
|
|
.I alternate
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|
file name.
|
|
Similarly if a file is mentioned but does not become the current file,
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|
it is saved as the alternate file name.
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|
.NH 2
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|
Filename expansion
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|
.PP
|
|
Filenames within the editor may be specified using the normal
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|
shell expansion conventions.
|
|
In addition,
|
|
the character `%' in filenames is replaced by the
|
|
.I current
|
|
file name and the character
|
|
`#' by the
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|
.I alternate
|
|
file name.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg This makes it easy to deal alternately with
|
|
two files and eliminates the need for retyping the
|
|
name supplied on an
|
|
.I edit
|
|
command after a
|
|
.I "No write since last change"
|
|
diagnostic is received.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Multiple files and named buffers
|
|
.PP
|
|
If more than one file is given on the command line,
|
|
then the first file is edited as described above.
|
|
The remaining arguments are placed with the first file in the
|
|
.I "argument list."
|
|
The current argument list may be displayed with the
|
|
.I args
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|
command.
|
|
The next file in the argument list may be edited with the
|
|
.I next
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|
command.
|
|
The argument list may also be respecified by specifying
|
|
a list of names to the
|
|
.I next
|
|
command.
|
|
These names are expanded,
|
|
the resulting list of names becomes the new argument list,
|
|
and
|
|
.I ex
|
|
edits the first file on the list.
|
|
.PP
|
|
For saving blocks of text while editing, and especially when editing
|
|
more than one file,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
has a group of named buffers.
|
|
These are similar to the normal buffer, except that only a limited number
|
|
of operations are available on them.
|
|
The buffers have names
|
|
.I a
|
|
through
|
|
.I z.\(dd
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|
.FS
|
|
\(dd It is also possible to refer to
|
|
.I A
|
|
through
|
|
.I Z;
|
|
the upper case buffers are the same as the lower but commands
|
|
append to named buffers rather than replacing
|
|
if upper case names are used.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Read only
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is possible to use
|
|
.I ex
|
|
in
|
|
.I "read only"
|
|
mode to look at files that you have no intention of modifying.
|
|
This mode protects you from accidently overwriting the file.
|
|
Read only mode is on when the
|
|
.I readonly
|
|
option is set.
|
|
It can be turned on with the
|
|
.B \-R
|
|
command line option,
|
|
by the
|
|
.I view
|
|
command line invocation,
|
|
or by setting the
|
|
.I readonly
|
|
option.
|
|
It can be cleared by setting
|
|
.I noreadonly .
|
|
It is possible to write, even while in read only mode, by indicating
|
|
that you really know what you are doing.
|
|
You can write to a different file, or can use the ! form of write,
|
|
even while in read only mode.
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Exceptional Conditions
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Errors and interrupts
|
|
.PP
|
|
When errors occur
|
|
.I ex
|
|
(optionally) rings the terminal bell and, in any case, prints an error
|
|
diagnostic. If the primary input is from a file, editor processing
|
|
will terminate. If an interrupt signal is received,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
prints ``Interrupt'' and returns to its command level. If the primary
|
|
input is a file, then
|
|
.I ex
|
|
will exit when this occurs.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Recovering from hangups and crashes
|
|
.PP
|
|
If a hangup signal is received and the buffer has been modified since
|
|
it was last written out, or if the system crashes, either the editor
|
|
(in the first case) or the system (after it reboots in the second) will
|
|
attempt to preserve the buffer. The next time you log in you should be
|
|
able to recover the work you were doing, losing at most a few lines of
|
|
changes from the last point before the hangup or editor crash. To
|
|
recover a file you can use the
|
|
.B \-r
|
|
option. If you were editing the file
|
|
.I resume,
|
|
then you should change
|
|
to the directory where you were when the crash occurred, giving the command
|
|
.DS
|
|
\fBex \-r\fP\fI resume\fP
|
|
.DE
|
|
After checking that the retrieved file is indeed ok, you can
|
|
.I write
|
|
it over the previous contents of that file.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You will normally get mail from the system telling you when a file has
|
|
been saved after a crash. The command
|
|
.DS
|
|
\fBex\fP \-\fBr\fP
|
|
.DE
|
|
will print a list of the files which have been saved for you.
|
|
(In the case of a hangup,
|
|
the file will not appear in the list,
|
|
although it can be recovered.)
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Editing modes
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Ex
|
|
has five distinct modes. The primary mode is
|
|
.I command
|
|
mode. Commands are entered in command mode when a `:' prompt is
|
|
present, and are executed each time a complete line is sent. In
|
|
.I "text input"
|
|
mode
|
|
.I ex
|
|
gathers input lines and places them in the file. The
|
|
.I append,
|
|
.I insert,
|
|
and
|
|
.I change
|
|
commands use text input mode.
|
|
No prompt is printed when you are in text input mode.
|
|
This mode is left by typing a `.' alone at the beginning of a line, and
|
|
.I command
|
|
mode resumes.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The last three modes are
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
modes, entered by the commands of the same name, and, within open and
|
|
visual modes
|
|
.I "text insertion"
|
|
mode.
|
|
.I Open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
modes allow local editing operations to be performed on the text in the
|
|
file. The
|
|
.I open
|
|
command displays one line at a time on any terminal while
|
|
.I visual
|
|
works on \s-2CRT\s0 terminals with random positioning cursors, using the
|
|
screen as a (single) window for file editing changes.
|
|
These modes are described (only) in
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi."
|
|
.NH
|
|
Command structure
|
|
.PP
|
|
Most command names are English words,
|
|
and initial prefixes of the words are acceptable abbreviations.
|
|
The ambiguity of abbreviations is resolved in favor of the more commonly
|
|
used commands.*
|
|
.FS
|
|
* As an example, the command
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
can be abbreviated `s'
|
|
while the shortest available abbreviation for the
|
|
.I set
|
|
command is `se'.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Command parameters
|
|
.PP
|
|
Most commands accept prefix addresses specifying the lines in the file
|
|
upon which they are to have effect.
|
|
The forms of these addresses will be discussed below.
|
|
A number of commands also may take a trailing
|
|
.I count
|
|
specifying the number of lines to be involved in the command.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg Counts are rounded down if necessary.
|
|
.FE
|
|
Thus the command ``10p'' will print the tenth line in the buffer while
|
|
``delete 5'' will delete five lines from the buffer,
|
|
starting with the current line.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some commands take other information or parameters,
|
|
this information always being given after the command name.\(dd
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dd Examples would be option names in a
|
|
.I set
|
|
command i.e. ``set number'',
|
|
a file name in an
|
|
.I edit
|
|
command,
|
|
a regular expression in a
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
command,
|
|
or a target address for a
|
|
.I copy
|
|
command, i.e. ``1,5 copy 25''.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Command variants
|
|
.PP
|
|
A number of commands have two distinct variants.
|
|
The variant form of the command is invoked by placing an
|
|
`!' immediately after the command name.
|
|
Some of the default variants may be controlled by options;
|
|
in this case, the `!' serves to toggle the default.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Flags after commands
|
|
.PP
|
|
The characters `#', `p' and `l' may be placed after many commands.**
|
|
.FS
|
|
**
|
|
A `p' or `l' must be preceded by a blank or tab
|
|
except in the single special case `dp'.
|
|
.FE
|
|
In this case, the command abbreviated by these characters
|
|
is executed after the command completes.
|
|
Since
|
|
.I ex
|
|
normally prints the new current line after each change, `p' is rarely necessary.
|
|
Any number of `+' or `\-' characters may also be given with these flags.
|
|
If they appear, the specified offset is applied to the current line
|
|
value before the printing command is executed.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Comments
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is possible to give editor commands which are ignored.
|
|
This is useful when making complex editor scripts
|
|
for which comments are desired.
|
|
The comment character is the double quote: ".
|
|
Any command line beginning with " is ignored.
|
|
Comments beginning with " may also be placed at the ends
|
|
of commands, except in cases where they could be confused as part
|
|
of text (shell escapes and the substitute and map commands).
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Multiple commands per line
|
|
.PP
|
|
More than one command may be placed on a line by separating each pair
|
|
of commands by a `|' character.
|
|
However the
|
|
.I global
|
|
commands,
|
|
comments,
|
|
and the shell escape `!'
|
|
must be the last command on a line, as they are not terminated by a `|'.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Reporting large changes
|
|
.PP
|
|
Most commands which change the contents of the editor buffer give
|
|
feedback if the scope of the change exceeds a threshold given by the
|
|
.I report
|
|
option.
|
|
This feedback helps to detect undesirably large changes so that they may
|
|
be quickly and easily reversed with an
|
|
.I undo.
|
|
After commands with more global effect such as
|
|
.I global
|
|
or
|
|
.I visual,
|
|
you will be informed if the net change in the number of lines
|
|
in the buffer during this command exceeds this threshold.
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Command addressing
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Addressing primitives
|
|
.IP \fB.\fR 20
|
|
The current line.
|
|
Most commands leave the current line as the last line which they affect.
|
|
The default address for most commands is the current line,
|
|
thus `\fB.\fR' is rarely used alone as an address.
|
|
.IP \fIn\fR 20
|
|
The \fIn\fRth line in the editor's buffer, lines being numbered
|
|
sequentially from 1.
|
|
.IP \fB$\fR 20
|
|
The last line in the buffer.
|
|
.IP \fB%\fR 20
|
|
An abbreviation for ``1,$'', the entire buffer.
|
|
.IP \fI+n\fR\ \fI\-n\fR 20
|
|
An offset relative to the current buffer line.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg
|
|
The forms `.+3' `+3' and `+++' are all equivalent;
|
|
if the current line is line 100 they all address line 103.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.IP \fB/\fIpat\fR\fB/\fR\ \fB?\fIpat\fR\fB?\fR 20
|
|
Scan forward and backward respectively for a line containing \fIpat\fR, a
|
|
regular expression (as defined below). The scans normally wrap around the end
|
|
of the buffer.
|
|
If all that is desired is to print the next line containing \fIpat\fR, then
|
|
the trailing \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR may be omitted.
|
|
If \fIpat\fP is omitted or explicitly empty, then the last
|
|
regular expression specified is located.\(dd
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dd The forms \fB\e/\fP and \fB\e?\fP scan
|
|
using the last regular expression used in a scan; after a substitute
|
|
\fB//\fP and \fB??\fP would scan using the substitute's regular expression.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.IP \fB\(aa\(aa\fP\ \fB\(aa\fP\fIx\fP 20
|
|
Before each non-relative motion of the current line `\fB.\fP',
|
|
the previous current line is marked with a tag, subsequently referred to as
|
|
`\(aa\(aa'.
|
|
This makes it easy to refer or return to this previous context.
|
|
Marks may also be established by the
|
|
.I mark
|
|
command, using single lower case letters
|
|
.I x
|
|
and the marked lines referred to as
|
|
`\(aa\fIx\fR'.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Combining addressing primitives
|
|
.PP
|
|
Addresses to commands consist of a series of addressing primitives,
|
|
separated by `,' or `;'.
|
|
Such address lists are evaluated left-to-right.
|
|
When addresses are separated by `;' the current line `\fB.\fR'
|
|
is set to the value of the previous addressing expression
|
|
before the next address is interpreted.
|
|
If more addresses are given than the command requires,
|
|
then all but the last one or two are ignored.
|
|
If the command takes two addresses, the first addressed line must
|
|
precede the second in the buffer.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg Null address specifications are permitted in a list of addresses,
|
|
the default in this case is the current line `.';
|
|
thus `,100' is equivalent to `\fB.\fR,100'.
|
|
It is an error to give a prefix address to a command which expects none.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Command descriptions
|
|
.PP
|
|
The following form is a prototype for all
|
|
.I ex
|
|
commands:
|
|
.DS
|
|
\fIaddress\fR \fBcommand\fR \fI! parameters count flags\fR
|
|
.DE
|
|
All parts are optional; the degenerate case is the empty command which prints
|
|
the next line in the file. For sanity with use from within
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
ignores a ``:'' preceding any command.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In the following command descriptions, the
|
|
default addresses are shown in parentheses,
|
|
which are
|
|
.I not,
|
|
however,
|
|
part of the command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBabbreviate\fR \fIword rhs\fP abbr: \fBab\fP
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Add the named abbreviation to the current list.
|
|
When in input mode in visual, if
|
|
.I word
|
|
is typed as a complete word, it will be changed to
|
|
.I rhs .
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBappend\fR abbr: \fBa\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Reads the input text and places it after the specified line.
|
|
After the command, `\fB.\fR'
|
|
addresses the last line input or the
|
|
specified line if no lines were input.
|
|
If address `0' is given,
|
|
text is placed at the beginning of the buffer.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBa!\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant flag to
|
|
.I append
|
|
toggles the setting for the
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
option during the input of
|
|
.I text.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBargs\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The members of the argument list are printed, with the current argument
|
|
delimited by `[' and `]'.
|
|
.ig
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBcd\fR \fIdirectory\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The
|
|
.I cd
|
|
command is a synonym for
|
|
.I chdir.
|
|
..
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP ) \fBchange\fP \fIcount\fP abbr: \fBc\fP
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fP
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fP
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Replaces the specified lines with the input \fItext\fP.
|
|
The current line becomes the last line input;
|
|
if no lines were input it is left as for a
|
|
\fIdelete\fP.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBc!\fP
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fP
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fP
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant toggles
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
during the
|
|
.I change.
|
|
.ig
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBchdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The specified \fIdirectory\fR becomes the current directory.
|
|
If no directory is specified, the current value of the
|
|
.I home
|
|
option is used as the target directory.
|
|
After a
|
|
.I chdir
|
|
the current file is not considered to have been
|
|
edited so that write restrictions on pre-existing files apply.
|
|
..
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fP , \fB.\fP )\|\fBcopy\fP \fIaddr\fP \fIflags\fP abbr: \fBco\fP
|
|
.ZP
|
|
A
|
|
.I copy
|
|
of the specified lines is placed after
|
|
.I addr,
|
|
which may be `0'.
|
|
The current line
|
|
`\fB.\fR'
|
|
addresses the last line of the copy.
|
|
The command
|
|
.I t
|
|
is a synonym for
|
|
.I copy.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBdelete\fR \fIbuffer\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBd\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Removes the specified lines from the buffer.
|
|
The line after the last line deleted becomes the current line;
|
|
if the lines deleted were originally at the end,
|
|
the new last line becomes the current line.
|
|
If a named
|
|
.I buffer
|
|
is specified by giving a letter,
|
|
then the specified lines are saved in that buffer,
|
|
or appended to it if an upper case letter is used.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBedit\fR \fIfile\fR abbr: \fBe\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBex\fR \fIfile\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Used to begin an editing session on a new file.
|
|
The editor
|
|
first checks to see if the buffer has been modified since the last
|
|
.I write
|
|
command was issued.
|
|
If it has been,
|
|
a warning is issued and the
|
|
command is aborted.
|
|
The
|
|
command otherwise deletes the entire contents of the editor buffer,
|
|
makes the named file the current file and prints the new filename.
|
|
After insuring that this file is sensible\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg I.e., that it is not a binary file such as a directory,
|
|
a block or character special file other than
|
|
.I /dev/tty,
|
|
a terminal,
|
|
or a binary or executable file
|
|
(as indicated by the first word).
|
|
.FE
|
|
the editor reads the file into its buffer.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the read of the file completes without error,
|
|
the number of lines and characters read is typed.
|
|
If there were any non-\s-2ASCII\s0 characters
|
|
in the file they are stripped of their non-\s-2ASCII\s0
|
|
high bits,
|
|
and any null characters in the file are discarded.
|
|
If none of these errors occurred, the file is considered
|
|
.I edited.
|
|
If the last line of the input file is missing the trailing
|
|
newline character, it will be supplied and a complaint will be issued.
|
|
This command leaves the current line `\fB.\fR' at the last line read.\(dd
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dd If executed from within
|
|
.I open
|
|
or
|
|
.I visual,
|
|
the current line is initially the first line of the file.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBe!\fR \fIfile\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant form suppresses the complaint about modifications having
|
|
been made and not written from the editor buffer, thus
|
|
discarding all changes which have been made before editing the new file.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBe\fR \fB+\fIn\fR \fIfile\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes the editor to begin at line
|
|
.I n
|
|
rather than at the last line;
|
|
\fIn\fR may also be an editor command containing no spaces, e.g.: ``+/pat''.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBfile\fR abbr: \fBf\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints the current file name,
|
|
whether it has been `[Modified]' since the last
|
|
.I write
|
|
command,
|
|
whether it is
|
|
.I "read only" ,
|
|
the current line,
|
|
the number of lines in the buffer,
|
|
and the percentage of the way through the buffer of the current line.*
|
|
.FS
|
|
* In the rare case that the current file is `[Not edited]' this is
|
|
noted also; in this case you have to use the form \fBw!\fR to write to
|
|
the file, since the editor is not sure that a \fBwrite\fR will not
|
|
destroy a file unrelated to the current contents of the buffer.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBfile\fR \fIfile\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The current file name is changed to
|
|
.I file
|
|
which is considered
|
|
`[Not edited]'.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( 1 , $ ) \fBglobal\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIcmds\fR abbr: \fBg\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
First marks each line among those specified which matches
|
|
the given regular expression.
|
|
Then the given command list is executed with `\fB.\fR' initially
|
|
set to each marked line.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The command list consists of the remaining commands on the current
|
|
input line and may continue to multiple lines by ending all but the
|
|
last such line with a `\e'.
|
|
If
|
|
.I cmds
|
|
(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) is omitted, each line matching
|
|
.I pat
|
|
is printed.
|
|
.I Append,
|
|
.I insert,
|
|
and
|
|
.I change
|
|
commands and associated input are permitted;
|
|
the `\fB.\fR' terminating input may be omitted if it would be on the
|
|
last line of the command list.
|
|
.I Open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
commands are permitted in the command list and take input from the terminal.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The
|
|
.I global
|
|
command itself may not appear in
|
|
.I cmds.
|
|
The
|
|
.I undo
|
|
command is also not permitted there,
|
|
as
|
|
.I undo
|
|
instead can be used to reverse the entire
|
|
.I global
|
|
command.
|
|
The options
|
|
.I autoprint
|
|
and
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
are inhibited during a
|
|
.I global,
|
|
(and possibly the trailing \fB/\fR delimiter) and the value of the
|
|
.I report
|
|
option is temporarily infinite,
|
|
in deference to a \fIreport\fR for the entire global.
|
|
Finally, the context mark `\'\'' is set to the value of
|
|
`.' before the global command begins and is not changed during a global
|
|
command,
|
|
except perhaps by an
|
|
.I open
|
|
or
|
|
.I visual
|
|
within the
|
|
.I global.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBg!\fR \fB/\fIpat\fB/\fR \fIcmds\fR abbr: \fBv\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
The variant form of \fIglobal\fR runs \fIcmds\fR at each line not matching
|
|
\fIpat\fR.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR )\|\fBinsert\fR abbr: \fBi\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Places the given text before the specified line.
|
|
The current line is left at the last line input;
|
|
if there were none input it is left at the line before the addressed line.
|
|
This command differs from
|
|
.I append
|
|
only in the placement of text.
|
|
.KS
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBi!\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fItext\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\&\fB.\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant toggles
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
during the
|
|
.I insert.
|
|
.KE
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR+1 ) \fBjoin\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBj\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Places the text from a specified range of lines
|
|
together on one line.
|
|
White space is adjusted at each junction to provide at least
|
|
one blank character, two if there was a `\fB.\fR' at the end of the line,
|
|
or none if the first following character is a `)'.
|
|
If there is already white space at the end of the line,
|
|
then the white space at the start of the next line will be discarded.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBj!\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant causes a simpler
|
|
.I join
|
|
with no white space processing; the characters in the lines are simply
|
|
concatenated.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBk\fR \fIx\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The
|
|
.I k
|
|
command is a synonym for
|
|
.I mark.
|
|
It does not require a blank or tab before the following letter.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBlist\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints the specified lines in a more unambiguous way:
|
|
tabs are printed as `^I'
|
|
and the end of each line is marked with a trailing `$'.
|
|
The current line is left at the last line printed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBmap\fR \fIlhs\fR \fIrhs\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The
|
|
.I map
|
|
command is used to define macros for use in
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode.
|
|
.I Lhs
|
|
should be a single character, or the sequence ``#n'', for n a digit,
|
|
referring to function key \fIn\fR. When this character or function key
|
|
is typed in
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode, it will be as though the corresponding \fIrhs\fR had been typed.
|
|
On terminals without function keys, you can type ``#n''.
|
|
See section 6.9 of the ``Introduction to Display Editing with Vi''
|
|
for more details.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBmark\fR \fIx\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Gives the specified line mark
|
|
.I x,
|
|
a single lower case letter.
|
|
The
|
|
.I x
|
|
must be preceded by a blank or a tab.
|
|
The addressing form `\'x' then addresses this line.
|
|
The current line is not affected by this command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBmove\fR \fIaddr\fR abbr: \fBm\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The
|
|
.I move
|
|
command repositions the specified lines to be after
|
|
.I addr .
|
|
The first of the moved lines becomes the current line.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBnext\fR abbr: \fBn\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The next file from the command line argument list is edited.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBn!\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant suppresses warnings about the modifications to the buffer not
|
|
having been written out, discarding (irretrievably) any changes which may
|
|
have been made.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBn\fR \fIfilelist\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBn\fR \fB+\fIcommand\fR \fIfilelist\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The specified
|
|
.I filelist
|
|
is expanded and the resulting list replaces the
|
|
current argument list;
|
|
the first file in the new list is then edited.
|
|
If
|
|
.I command
|
|
is given (it must contain no spaces), then it is executed after editing the first such file.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBnumber\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fB#\fR or \fBnu\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints each specified line preceded by its buffer line
|
|
number.
|
|
The current line is left at the last line printed.
|
|
.KS
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBo\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBopen\fR /\fIpat\|\fR/ \fIflags\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Enters intraline editing \fIopen\fR mode at each addressed line.
|
|
If
|
|
.I pat
|
|
is given,
|
|
then the cursor will be placed initially at the beginning of the
|
|
string matched by the pattern.
|
|
To exit this mode use Q.
|
|
See
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
|
|
for more details.
|
|
.KE
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBpreserve\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The current editor buffer is saved as though the system had just crashed.
|
|
This command is for use only in emergencies when a
|
|
.I write
|
|
command has resulted in an error and you don't know how to save your work.
|
|
After a
|
|
.I preserve
|
|
you should seek help.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fBprint\fR \fIcount\fR abbr: \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints the specified lines
|
|
with non-printing characters printed as control characters `^\fIx\fR\|';
|
|
delete (octal 177) is represented as `^?'.
|
|
The current line is left at the last line printed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR )\|\fBput\fR \fIbuffer\fR abbr: \fBpu\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Puts back
|
|
previously
|
|
.I deleted
|
|
or
|
|
.I yanked
|
|
lines.
|
|
Normally used with
|
|
.I delete
|
|
to effect movement of lines,
|
|
or with
|
|
.I yank
|
|
to effect duplication of lines.
|
|
If no
|
|
.I buffer
|
|
is specified, then the last
|
|
.I deleted
|
|
or
|
|
.I yanked
|
|
text is restored.*
|
|
.FS
|
|
* But no modifying commands may intervene between the
|
|
.I delete
|
|
or
|
|
.I yank
|
|
and the
|
|
.I put,
|
|
nor may lines be moved between files without using a named buffer.
|
|
.FE
|
|
By using a named buffer, text may be restored that was saved there at any
|
|
previous time.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBquit\fR abbr: \fBq\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes
|
|
.I ex
|
|
to terminate.
|
|
No automatic write of the editor buffer to a file is performed.
|
|
However,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
issues a warning message if the file has changed
|
|
since the last
|
|
.I write
|
|
command was issued, and does not
|
|
.I quit.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg \fIEx\fR
|
|
will also issue a diagnostic if there are more files in the argument
|
|
list.
|
|
.FE
|
|
Normally, you will wish to save your changes, and you
|
|
should give a \fIwrite\fR command;
|
|
if you wish to discard them, use the \fBq!\fR command variant.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBq!\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Quits from the editor, discarding changes to the buffer without complaint.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBread\fR \fIfile\fR abbr: \fBr\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Places a copy of the text of the given file in the
|
|
editing buffer after the specified line.
|
|
If no
|
|
.I file
|
|
is given the current file name is used.
|
|
The current file name is not changed unless there is none in which
|
|
case
|
|
.I file
|
|
becomes the current name.
|
|
The sensibility restrictions for the
|
|
.I edit
|
|
command apply here also.
|
|
If the file buffer is empty and there is no current name then
|
|
.I ex
|
|
treats this as an
|
|
.I edit
|
|
command.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Address `0' is legal for this command and causes the file to be read at
|
|
the beginning of the buffer.
|
|
Statistics are given as for the
|
|
.I edit
|
|
command when the
|
|
.I read
|
|
successfully terminates.
|
|
After a
|
|
.I read
|
|
the current line is the last line read.\(dd
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dd Within
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
the current line is set to the first line read rather than the last.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBread\fR \fB!\fR\fIcommand\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Reads the output of the command
|
|
.I command
|
|
into the buffer after the specified line.
|
|
This is not a variant form of the command, rather a read
|
|
specifying a
|
|
.I command
|
|
rather than a
|
|
.I filename;
|
|
a blank or tab before the \fB!\fR is mandatory.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBrecover \fIfile\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Recovers
|
|
.I file
|
|
from the system save area.
|
|
Used after a accidental hangup of the phone**
|
|
.FS
|
|
** The system saves a copy of the file you were editing only if you
|
|
have made changes to the file.
|
|
.FE
|
|
or a system crash** or
|
|
.I preserve
|
|
command.
|
|
Except when you use
|
|
.I preserve
|
|
you will be notified by mail when a file is saved.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBrewind\fR abbr: \fBrew\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The argument list is rewound, and the first file in the list is edited.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBrew!\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Rewinds the argument list discarding any changes made to the current buffer.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBset\fR \fIparameter\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
With no arguments, prints those options whose values have been
|
|
changed from their defaults;
|
|
with parameter
|
|
.I all
|
|
it prints all of the option values.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Giving an option name followed by a `?'
|
|
causes the current value of that option to be printed.
|
|
The `?' is unnecessary unless the option is Boolean valued.
|
|
Boolean options are given values either by the form
|
|
`set \fIoption\fR' to turn them on or
|
|
`set no\fIoption\fR' to turn them off;
|
|
string and numeric options are assigned via the form
|
|
`set \fIoption\fR=value'.
|
|
.IP
|
|
More than one parameter may be given to
|
|
.I set \|;
|
|
they are interpreted left-to-right.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBshell\fR abbr: \fBsh\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
A new shell is created.
|
|
When it terminates, editing resumes.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBsource\fR \fIfile\fR abbr: \fBso\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
Reads and executes commands from the specified file.
|
|
.I Source
|
|
commands may be nested.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBsubstitute\fR /\fIpat\fR\|/\fIrepl\fR\|/ \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBs\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
On each specified line, the first instance of pattern
|
|
.I pat
|
|
is replaced by replacement pattern
|
|
.I repl.
|
|
If the
|
|
.I global
|
|
indicator option character `g'
|
|
appears, then all instances are substituted;
|
|
if the
|
|
.I confirm
|
|
indication character `c' appears,
|
|
then before each substitution the line to be substituted
|
|
is typed with the string to be substituted marked
|
|
with `\(ua' characters.
|
|
By typing an `y' one can cause the substitution to be performed,
|
|
any other input causes no change to take place.
|
|
After a
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
the current line is the last line substituted.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Lines may be split by substituting
|
|
new-line characters into them.
|
|
The newline in
|
|
.I repl
|
|
must be escaped by preceding it with a `\e'.
|
|
Other metacharacters available in
|
|
.I pat
|
|
and
|
|
.I repl
|
|
are described below.
|
|
.LC
|
|
.B stop
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Suspends the editor, returning control to the top level shell.
|
|
If
|
|
.I autowrite
|
|
is set and there are unsaved changes,
|
|
a write is done first unless the form
|
|
.B stop !
|
|
is used.
|
|
This commands is only available where supported by the teletype driver
|
|
and operating system.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBsubstitute\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBs\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If
|
|
.I pat
|
|
and
|
|
.I repl
|
|
are omitted, then the last substitution is repeated.
|
|
This is a synonym for the
|
|
.B &
|
|
command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fBt\fR \fIaddr\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The
|
|
.I t
|
|
command is a synonym for
|
|
.I copy .
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBta\fR \fItag\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The focus of editing switches to the location of
|
|
.I tag,
|
|
switching to a different line in the current file where it is defined,
|
|
or if necessary to another file.\(dd
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dd If you have modified the current file before giving a
|
|
.I tag
|
|
command, you must write it out; giving another
|
|
.I tag
|
|
command, specifying no
|
|
.I tag
|
|
will reuse the previous tag.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.IP
|
|
The tags file is normally created by a program such as
|
|
.I ctags,
|
|
and consists of a number of lines with three fields separated by blanks
|
|
or tabs. The first field gives the name of the tag,
|
|
the second the name of the file where the tag resides, and the third
|
|
gives an addressing form which can be used by the editor to find the tag;
|
|
this field is usually a contextual scan using `/\fIpat\fR/' to be immune
|
|
to minor changes in the file. Such scans are always performed as if
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
was set.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The tag names in the tags file must be sorted alphabetically.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBunabbreviate\fR \fIword\fP abbr: \fBuna\fP
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Delete
|
|
.I word
|
|
from the list of abbreviations.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBundo\fR abbr: \fBu\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Reverses the changes made in the buffer by the last
|
|
buffer editing command.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.I global
|
|
commands are considered a single command for the purpose of
|
|
.I undo
|
|
(as are
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual.)
|
|
Also, the commands
|
|
.I write
|
|
and
|
|
.I edit
|
|
which interact with the
|
|
file system cannot be undone.
|
|
.I Undo
|
|
is its own inverse.
|
|
.IP
|
|
.I Undo
|
|
always marks the previous value of the current line `\fB.\fR'
|
|
as `\'\''.
|
|
After an
|
|
.I undo
|
|
the current line is the first line restored
|
|
or the line before the first line deleted if no lines were restored.
|
|
For commands with more global effect
|
|
such as
|
|
.I global
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
the current line regains it's pre-command value after an
|
|
.I undo.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBunmap\fR \fIlhs\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The macro expansion associated by
|
|
.I map
|
|
for
|
|
.I lhs
|
|
is removed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( 1 , $ ) \fBv\fR /\fIpat\fR\|/ \fIcmds\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
A synonym for the
|
|
.I global
|
|
command variant \fBg!\fR, running the specified \fIcmds\fR on each
|
|
line which does not match \fIpat\fR.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBversion\fR abbr: \fBve\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints the current version number of the editor
|
|
as well as the date the editor was last changed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBvisual\fR \fItype\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR abbr: \fBvi\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Enters visual mode at the specified line.
|
|
.I Type
|
|
is optional and may be `\-' , `\(ua' or `\fB.\fR'
|
|
as in the
|
|
.I z
|
|
command to specify the placement of the specified line on the screen.
|
|
By default, if
|
|
.I type
|
|
is omitted, the specified line is placed as the first on the screen.
|
|
A
|
|
.I count
|
|
specifies an initial window size; the default is the value of the option
|
|
.I window.
|
|
See the document
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
|
|
for more details.
|
|
To exit this mode, type Q.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBvisual\fP file
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBvisual\fP +\fIn\fP file
|
|
.ZP
|
|
From visual mode,
|
|
this command is the same as edit.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( 1 , $ ) \fBwrite\fR \fIfile\fR abbr: \fBw\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Writes changes made back to \fIfile\fR, printing the number of lines and
|
|
characters written.
|
|
Normally \fIfile\fR is omitted and the text goes back where it came from.
|
|
If a \fIfile\fR is specified, then text will be written to that file.*
|
|
.FS
|
|
* The editor writes to a file only if it is
|
|
the current file and is
|
|
.I edited ,
|
|
if the file does not exist,
|
|
or if the file is actually a teletype,
|
|
.I /dev/tty,
|
|
.I /dev/null.
|
|
Otherwise, you must give the variant form \fBw!\fR to force the write.
|
|
.FE
|
|
If the file does not exist it is created.
|
|
The current file name is changed only if there is no current file
|
|
name; the current line is never changed.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If an error occurs while writing the current and
|
|
.I edited
|
|
file, the editor
|
|
considers that there has been ``No write since last change''
|
|
even if the buffer had not previously been modified.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( 1 , $ ) \fBwrite>>\fR \fIfile\fR abbr: \fBw>>\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Writes the buffer contents at the end of
|
|
an existing file.
|
|
.IP
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBw!\fR \fIname\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Overrides the checking of the normal \fIwrite\fR command,
|
|
and will write to any file which the system permits.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( 1 , $ ) \fBw\fR \fB!\fR\fIcommand\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Writes the specified lines into
|
|
.I command.
|
|
Note the difference between \fBw!\fR which overrides checks and
|
|
\fBw\ \ !\fR which writes to a command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwq\fR \fIname\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Like a \fIwrite\fR and then a \fIquit\fR command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwq!\fR \fIname\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The variant overrides checking on the sensibility of the
|
|
.I write
|
|
command, as \fBw!\fR does.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBxit\fP \fIname\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If any changes have been made and not written, writes the buffer out.
|
|
Then, in any case, quits.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR )\|\fByank\fR \fIbuffer\fR \fIcount\fR abbr: \fBya\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Places the specified lines in the named
|
|
.I buffer,
|
|
for later retrieval via
|
|
.I put.
|
|
If no buffer name is specified, the lines go to a more volatile place;
|
|
see the \fIput\fR command description.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.+1\fR ) \fBz\fR \fIcount\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Print the next \fIcount\fR lines, default \fIwindow\fR.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR ) \fBz\fR \fItype\fR \fIcount\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints a window of text with the specified line at the top.
|
|
If \fItype\fR is `\-' the line is placed at the bottom; a `\fB.\fR' causes
|
|
the line to be placed in the center.*
|
|
A count gives the number of lines to be displayed rather than
|
|
double the number specified by the \fIscroll\fR option.
|
|
On a \s-2CRT\s0 the screen is cleared before display begins unless a
|
|
count which is less than the screen size is given.
|
|
The current line is left at the last line printed.
|
|
.FS
|
|
* Forms `z=' and `z\(ua' also exist; `z=' places the current line in the
|
|
center, surrounds it with lines of `\-' characters and leaves the current
|
|
line at this line. The form `z\(ua' prints the window before `z\-'
|
|
would. The characters `+', `\(ua' and `\-' may be repeated for cumulative
|
|
effect.
|
|
On some v2 editors, no
|
|
.I type
|
|
may be given.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fB!\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The remainder of the line after the `!' character is sent to a shell
|
|
to be executed.
|
|
Within the text of
|
|
.I command
|
|
the characters
|
|
`%' and `#' are expanded as in filenames and the character
|
|
`!' is replaced with the text of the previous command.
|
|
Thus, in particular,
|
|
`!!' repeats the last such shell escape.
|
|
If any such expansion is performed, the expanded line will be echoed.
|
|
The current line is unchanged by this command.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If there has been ``[No\ write]'' of the buffer contents since the last
|
|
change to the editing buffer, then a diagnostic will be printed
|
|
before the command is executed as a warning.
|
|
A single `!' is printed when the command completes.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fIaddr\fR , \fIaddr\fR ) \fB!\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Takes the specified address range and supplies it as
|
|
standard input to
|
|
.I command;
|
|
the resulting output then replaces the input lines.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( $ ) \fB=\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Prints the line number of the
|
|
addressed line.
|
|
The current line is unchanged.
|
|
.KS
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB>\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB<\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
Perform intelligent shifting on the specified lines;
|
|
\fB<\fR shifts left and \fB>\fR shift right.
|
|
The quantity of shift is determined by the
|
|
.I shiftwidth
|
|
option and the repetition of the specification character.
|
|
Only white space (blanks and tabs) is shifted;
|
|
no non-white characters are discarded in a left-shift.
|
|
The current line becomes the last line which changed due to the
|
|
shifting.
|
|
.KE
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fB^D\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
An end-of-file from a terminal input scrolls through the file.
|
|
The
|
|
.I scroll
|
|
option specifies the size of the scroll, normally a half screen of text.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR+1 , \fB.\fR+1 )
|
|
.br
|
|
( \fB.\fR+1 , \fB.\fR+1 ) |
|
|
.ZP
|
|
An address alone causes the addressed lines to be printed.
|
|
A blank line prints the next line in the file.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB&\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Repeats the previous
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
( \fB.\fR , \fB.\fR ) \fB\s+2~\s0\fR \fIoptions\fR \fIcount\fR \fIflags\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Replaces the previous regular expression with the previous
|
|
replacement pattern from a substitution.
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Regular expressions and substitute replacement patterns
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Regular expressions
|
|
.PP
|
|
A regular expression specifies a set of strings of characters.
|
|
A member of this set of strings is said to be
|
|
.I matched
|
|
by the regular expression.
|
|
.I Ex
|
|
remembers two previous regular expressions:
|
|
the previous regular expression used in a
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
command
|
|
and the previous regular expression used elsewhere
|
|
(referred to as the previous \fIscanning\fR regular expression.)
|
|
The previous regular expression
|
|
can always be referred to by a null \fIre\fR, e.g. `//' or `??'.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Magic and nomagic
|
|
.PP
|
|
The regular expressions allowed by
|
|
.I ex
|
|
are constructed in one of two ways depending on the setting of
|
|
the
|
|
.I magic
|
|
option.
|
|
The
|
|
.I ex
|
|
and
|
|
.I vi
|
|
default setting of
|
|
.I magic
|
|
gives quick access to a powerful set of regular expression
|
|
metacharacters.
|
|
The disadvantage of
|
|
.I magic
|
|
is that the user must remember that these metacharacters are
|
|
.I magic
|
|
and precede them with the character `\e'
|
|
to use them as ``ordinary'' characters.
|
|
With
|
|
.I nomagic,
|
|
the default for
|
|
.I edit,
|
|
regular expressions are much simpler,
|
|
there being only two metacharacters.
|
|
The power of the other metacharacters is still available by preceding
|
|
the (now) ordinary character with a `\e'.
|
|
Note that `\e' is thus always a metacharacter.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The remainder of the discussion of regular expressions assumes
|
|
that
|
|
that the setting of this option is
|
|
.I magic.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg To discern what is true with
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
it suffices to remember that the only
|
|
special characters in this case will be `\(ua' at the beginning
|
|
of a regular expression,
|
|
`$' at the end of a regular expression,
|
|
and `\e'.
|
|
With
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
the characters `\s+2~\s0' and `&' also lose their special meanings
|
|
related to the replacement pattern of a substitute.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Basic regular expression summary
|
|
.PP
|
|
The following basic constructs are used to construct
|
|
.I magic
|
|
mode regular expressions.
|
|
.IP \fIchar\fR 15
|
|
An ordinary character matches itself.
|
|
The characters `\(ua' at the beginning of a line,
|
|
`$' at the end of line,
|
|
`*' as any character other than the first,
|
|
`.', `\e', `[', and `\s+2~\s0' are not ordinary characters and
|
|
must be escaped (preceded) by `\e' to be treated as such.
|
|
.IP \fB\(ua\fR
|
|
At the beginning of a pattern
|
|
forces the match to succeed only at the beginning of a line.
|
|
.IP \fB$\fR
|
|
At the end of a regular expression forces the match to
|
|
succeed only at the end of the line.
|
|
.IP \&\fB.\fR
|
|
Matches any single character except
|
|
the new-line character.
|
|
.IP \fB\e<\fR
|
|
Forces the match
|
|
to occur only at the beginning of a ``variable'' or ``word'';
|
|
that is, either at the beginning of a line, or just before
|
|
a letter, digit, or underline and after a character not one of
|
|
these.
|
|
.IP \fB\e>\fR
|
|
Similar to `\e<', but matching the end of a ``variable''
|
|
or ``word'', i.e. either the end of the line or before character
|
|
which is neither a letter, nor a digit, nor the underline character.
|
|
.IP \fB[\fIstring\fR]\fR
|
|
Matches any (single) character in the class defined by
|
|
.I string.
|
|
Most characters in
|
|
.I string
|
|
define themselves.
|
|
A pair of characters separated by `\-' in
|
|
.I string
|
|
defines the set of characters collating between the specified lower and upper
|
|
bounds, thus `[a\-z]' as a regular expression matches
|
|
any (single) lower-case letter.
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.I string
|
|
is an `\(ua' then the construct
|
|
matches those characters which it otherwise would not;
|
|
thus `[\(uaa\-z]' matches anything but a lower-case letter (and of course a
|
|
newline).
|
|
To place any of the characters
|
|
`\(ua', `[', or `\-' in
|
|
.I string
|
|
you must escape them with a preceding `\e'.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Combining regular expression primitives
|
|
.PP
|
|
The concatenation of two regular expressions matches the leftmost and
|
|
then longest string
|
|
which can be divided with the first piece matching the first regular
|
|
expression and the second piece matching the second.
|
|
Any of the (single character matching) regular expressions mentioned
|
|
above may be followed by the character `*' to form a regular expression
|
|
which matches any number of adjacent occurrences (including 0) of characters
|
|
matched by the regular expression it follows.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The character `\s+2~\s0' may be used in a regular expression,
|
|
and matches the text which defined the replacement part
|
|
of the last
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
command.
|
|
A regular expression may be enclosed between the sequences
|
|
`\e(' and `\e)' with side effects in the
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
replacement patterns.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Substitute replacement patterns
|
|
.PP
|
|
The basic metacharacters for the replacement pattern are
|
|
`&' and `~'; these are
|
|
given as `\e&' and `\e~' when
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
is set.
|
|
Each instance of `&' is replaced by the characters
|
|
which the regular expression matched.
|
|
The metacharacter `~' stands, in the replacement pattern,
|
|
for the defining text of the previous replacement pattern.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Other metasequences possible in the replacement pattern
|
|
are always introduced by the escaping character `\e'.
|
|
The sequence `\e\fIn\fR' is replaced by the text matched
|
|
by the \fIn\fR-th regular subexpression enclosed between
|
|
`\e(' and `\e)'.\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg When nested, parenthesized subexpressions are present,
|
|
\fIn\fR is determined by counting occurrences of `\e(' starting from the left.
|
|
.FE
|
|
The sequences `\eu' and `\el' cause the immediately following character in
|
|
the replacement to be converted to upper- or lower-case respectively
|
|
if this character is a letter.
|
|
The sequences `\eU' and `\eL' turn such conversion on, either until
|
|
`\eE' or `\ee' is encountered, or until the end of the replacement pattern.
|
|
.de LC
|
|
.br
|
|
.sp .1i
|
|
.ne 4
|
|
.LP
|
|
.ta 3i
|
|
..
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Option descriptions
|
|
.PP
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBautoindent\fR, \fBai\fR default: noai
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Can be used to ease the preparation of structured program text.
|
|
At the beginning of each
|
|
.I append ,
|
|
.I change
|
|
or
|
|
.I insert
|
|
command
|
|
or when a new line is
|
|
.I opened
|
|
or created by an
|
|
.I append ,
|
|
.I change ,
|
|
.I insert ,
|
|
or
|
|
.I substitute
|
|
operation within
|
|
.I open
|
|
or
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
looks at the line being appended after,
|
|
the first line changed
|
|
or the line inserted before and calculates the amount of white space
|
|
at the start of the line.
|
|
It then aligns the cursor at the level of indentation so determined.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the user then types lines of text in,
|
|
they will continue to be justified at the displayed indenting level.
|
|
If more white space is typed at the beginning of a line,
|
|
the following line will start aligned with the first non-white character
|
|
of the previous line.
|
|
To back the cursor up to the preceding tab stop one can hit
|
|
\fB^D\fR.
|
|
The tab stops going backwards are defined at multiples of the
|
|
.I shiftwidth
|
|
option.
|
|
You
|
|
.I cannot
|
|
backspace over the indent,
|
|
except by sending an end-of-file with a \fB^D\fR.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Specially processed in this mode is a line with no characters added
|
|
to it, which turns into a completely blank line (the white
|
|
space provided for the
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
is discarded.)
|
|
Also specially processed in this mode are lines beginning with
|
|
an `\(ua' and immediately followed by a \fB^D\fR.
|
|
This causes the input to be repositioned at the beginning of the line,
|
|
but retaining the previous indent for the next line.
|
|
Similarly, a `0' followed by a \fB^D\fR
|
|
repositions at the beginning but without
|
|
retaining the previous indent.
|
|
.IP
|
|
.I Autoindent
|
|
doesn't happen in
|
|
.I global
|
|
commands or when the input is not a terminal.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBautoprint\fR, \fBap\fR default: ap
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes the current line to be printed after each
|
|
.I delete ,
|
|
.I copy ,
|
|
.I join ,
|
|
.I move ,
|
|
.I substitute ,
|
|
.I t ,
|
|
.I undo
|
|
or
|
|
shift command.
|
|
This has the same effect as supplying a trailing `p'
|
|
to each such command.
|
|
.I Autoprint
|
|
is suppressed in globals,
|
|
and only applies to the last of many commands on a line.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBautowrite\fR, \fBaw\fR default: noaw
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes the contents of the buffer to be written to the current file
|
|
if you have modified it and give a
|
|
.I next,
|
|
.I rewind,
|
|
.I stop,
|
|
.I tag,
|
|
or
|
|
.I !
|
|
command, or a \fB^\(ua\fR (switch files) or \fB^]\fR (tag goto) command
|
|
in
|
|
.I visual.
|
|
Note, that the
|
|
.I edit
|
|
and
|
|
.I ex
|
|
commands do
|
|
.B not
|
|
autowrite.
|
|
In each case, there is an equivalent way of switching when autowrite
|
|
is set to avoid the
|
|
.I autowrite
|
|
(\fIedit\fR
|
|
for
|
|
.I next ,
|
|
.I rewind!
|
|
for .I rewind ,
|
|
.I stop!
|
|
for
|
|
.I stop ,
|
|
.I tag!
|
|
for
|
|
.I tag ,
|
|
.I shell
|
|
for
|
|
.I ! ,
|
|
and
|
|
\fB:e\ #\fR and a \fB:ta!\fR command from within
|
|
.I visual).
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBbeautify\fR, \fBbf\fR default: nobeautify
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes all control characters except tab, newline and form-feed
|
|
to be discarded from the input.
|
|
A complaint is registered the first time a
|
|
backspace character is discarded.
|
|
.I Beautify
|
|
does not apply to command input.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBdirectory\fR, \fBdir\fR default: dir=/tmp
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Specifies the directory in which
|
|
.I ex
|
|
places its buffer file.
|
|
If this directory in not
|
|
writable, then the editor will exit abruptly when it fails to be
|
|
able to create its buffer there.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBedcompatible\fR default: noedcompatible
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes the presence of absence of
|
|
.B g
|
|
and
|
|
.B c
|
|
suffixes on substitute commands to be remembered, and to be toggled
|
|
by repeating the suffices. The suffix
|
|
.B r
|
|
makes the substitution be as in the
|
|
.I ~
|
|
command, instead of like
|
|
.I &.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBerrorbells\fR, \fBeb\fR default: noeb
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Error messages are preceded by a bell.*
|
|
.FS
|
|
* Bell ringing in
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
on errors is not suppressed by setting
|
|
.I noeb.
|
|
.FE
|
|
If possible the editor always places the error message in a standout mode of the
|
|
terminal (such as inverse video) instead of ringing the bell.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBhardtabs\fR, \fBht\fR default: ht=8
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Gives the boundaries on which terminal hardware tabs are set (or
|
|
on which the system expands tabs).
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBignorecase\fR, \fBic\fR default: noic
|
|
.ZP
|
|
All upper case characters in the text are mapped to lower case in regular
|
|
expression matching.
|
|
In addition, all upper case characters in regular expressions are mapped
|
|
to lower case except in character class specifications.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBlisp\fR default: nolisp
|
|
.ZP
|
|
\fIAutoindent\fR indents appropriately for
|
|
.I lisp
|
|
code, and the \fB( ) { } [[\fR and \fB]]\fR commands in
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
are modified to have meaning for \fIlisp\fR.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBlist\fR default: nolist
|
|
.ZP
|
|
All printed lines will be displayed (more) unambiguously,
|
|
showing tabs and end-of-lines as in the
|
|
.I list
|
|
command.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBmagic\fR default: magic for \fIex\fR and \fIvi\fR\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg \fINomagic\fR for \fIedit\fR.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
is set, the number of regular expression metacharacters is greatly reduced,
|
|
with only `\(ua' and `$' having special effects.
|
|
In addition the metacharacters
|
|
`~'
|
|
and
|
|
`&'
|
|
of the replacement pattern are treated as normal characters.
|
|
All the normal metacharacters may be made
|
|
.I magic
|
|
when
|
|
.I nomagic
|
|
is set by preceding them with a `\e'.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBmesg\fR default: mesg
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes write permission to be turned off to the terminal
|
|
while you are in visual mode, if
|
|
.I nomesg
|
|
is set.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBmodeline\fR default: nomodeline
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If
|
|
.I modeline
|
|
is set, then the first 5 lines and the last five lines of the file
|
|
will be checked for ex command lines and the comands issued.
|
|
To be recognized as a command line, the line must have the string
|
|
.B ex:
|
|
or
|
|
.B vi:
|
|
preceeded by a tab or a space. This string may be anywhere in the
|
|
line and anything after the
|
|
.I :
|
|
is interpeted as editor commands. This option defaults to off because
|
|
of unexpected behavior when editting files such as
|
|
.I /etc/passwd.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBnumber, nu\fR default: nonumber
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Causes all output lines to be printed with their
|
|
line numbers.
|
|
In addition each input line will be prompted for by supplying the line number
|
|
it will have.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBopen\fR default: open
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If \fInoopen\fR, the commands
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
are not permitted.
|
|
This is set for
|
|
.I edit
|
|
to prevent confusion resulting from accidental entry to
|
|
open or visual mode.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBoptimize, opt\fR default: optimize
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Throughput of text is expedited by setting the terminal
|
|
to not do automatic carriage returns
|
|
when printing more than one (logical) line of output,
|
|
greatly speeding output on terminals without addressable
|
|
cursors when text with leading white space is printed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBparagraphs,\ para\fR default: para=IPLPPPQPP\0LIbp
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Specifies the paragraphs for the \fB{\fR and \fB}\fR operations in
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual.
|
|
The pairs of characters in the option's value are the names
|
|
of the macros which start paragraphs.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBprompt\fR default: prompt
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Command mode input is prompted for with a `:'.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBredraw\fR default: noredraw
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The editor simulates (using great amounts of output), an intelligent
|
|
terminal on a dumb terminal (e.g. during insertions in
|
|
.I visual
|
|
the characters to the right of the cursor position are refreshed
|
|
as each input character is typed.)
|
|
Useful only at very high speed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBremap\fP default: remap
|
|
.ZP
|
|
If on, macros are repeatedly tried until they are unchanged.
|
|
For example, if
|
|
.B o
|
|
is mapped to
|
|
.B O ,
|
|
and
|
|
.B O
|
|
is mapped to
|
|
.B I ,
|
|
then if
|
|
.I remap
|
|
is set,
|
|
.B o
|
|
will map to
|
|
.B I ,
|
|
but if
|
|
.I noremap
|
|
is set, it will map to
|
|
.B O .
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBreport\fR default: report=5\(dg
|
|
.FS
|
|
\(dg 2 for \fIedit\fR.
|
|
.FE
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Specifies a threshold for feedback from commands.
|
|
Any command which modifies more than the specified number of lines
|
|
will provide feedback as to the scope of its changes.
|
|
For commands such as
|
|
.I global ,
|
|
.I open ,
|
|
.I undo ,
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
which have potentially more far reaching scope,
|
|
the net change in the number of lines in the buffer is
|
|
presented at the end of the command, subject to this same threshold.
|
|
Thus notification is suppressed during a
|
|
.I global
|
|
command on the individual commands performed.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBscroll\fR default: scroll=\(12 window
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Determines the number of logical lines scrolled when an end-of-file
|
|
is received from a terminal input in command mode,
|
|
and the number of lines printed by a command mode
|
|
.I z
|
|
command (double the value of
|
|
.I scroll ).
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBsections\fR default: sections=SHNHH\0HU
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Specifies the section macros for the \fB[[\fR and \fB]]\fR operations
|
|
in
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual.
|
|
The pairs of characters in the options's value are the names
|
|
of the macros which start paragraphs.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBshell\fR, \fBsh\fR default: sh=/bin/sh
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Gives the path name of the shell forked for
|
|
the shell escape command `!', and by the
|
|
.I shell
|
|
command.
|
|
The default is taken from SHELL in the environment, if present.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBshiftwidth\fR, \fBsw\fR default: sw=8
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Gives the width a software tab stop,
|
|
used in reverse tabbing with \fB^D\fR when using
|
|
.I autoindent
|
|
to append text,
|
|
and by the shift commands.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBshowmatch, sm\fR default: nosm
|
|
.ZP
|
|
In
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode, when a \fB)\fR or \fB}\fR is typed, move the cursor to the matching
|
|
\fB(\fR or \fB{\fR for one second if this matching character is on the
|
|
screen. Extremely useful with
|
|
.I lisp.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBslowopen, slow\fR terminal dependent
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Affects the display algorithm used in
|
|
.I visual
|
|
mode, holding off display updating during input of new text to improve
|
|
throughput when the terminal in use is both slow and unintelligent.
|
|
See
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
|
|
for more details.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBtabstop,\ ts\fR default: ts=8
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The editor expands tabs in the input file to be on
|
|
.I tabstop
|
|
boundaries for the purposes of display.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBtaglength,\ tl\fR default: tl=0
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Tags are not significant beyond this many characters.
|
|
A value of zero (the default) means that all characters are significant.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBtags\fR default: tags=tags /usr/lib/tags
|
|
.ZP
|
|
A path of files to be used as tag files for the
|
|
.I tag
|
|
command.
|
|
A requested tag is searched for in the specified files, sequentially.
|
|
By default, files called
|
|
.B tags
|
|
are searched for in the current directory and in /usr/lib
|
|
(a master file for the entire system).
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBterm\fR from environment TERM
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The terminal type of the output device.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBterse\fR default: noterse
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Shorter error diagnostics are produced for the experienced user.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwarn\fR default: warn
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Warn if there has been `[No write since last change]' before a `!'
|
|
command escape.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwindow\fR default: window=speed dependent
|
|
.ZP
|
|
The number of lines in a text window in the
|
|
.I visual
|
|
command.
|
|
The default is 8 at slow speeds (600 baud or less),
|
|
16 at medium speed (1200 baud),
|
|
and the full screen (minus one line) at higher speeds.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBw300,\ w1200\, w9600\fR
|
|
.ZP
|
|
These are not true options but set
|
|
.B window
|
|
only if the speed is slow (300), medium (1200), or high (9600),
|
|
respectively.
|
|
They are suitable for an EXINIT
|
|
and make it easy to change the 8/16/full screen rule.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwrapscan\fR, \fBws\fR default: ws
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Searches using the regular expressions in addressing
|
|
will wrap around past the end of the file.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwrapmargin\fR, \fBwm\fR default: wm=0
|
|
.ZP
|
|
Defines a margin for automatic wrapover of text during input in
|
|
.I open
|
|
and
|
|
.I visual
|
|
modes. See
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Text Editing with Vi"
|
|
for details.
|
|
.LC
|
|
\fBwriteany\fR, \fBwa\fR default: nowa
|
|
.IP
|
|
Inhibit the checks normally made before
|
|
.I write
|
|
commands, allowing a write to any file which the system protection
|
|
mechanism will allow.
|
|
.NH 1
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
|
.PP
|
|
Chuck Haley contributed greatly to the early development of
|
|
.I ex.
|
|
Bruce Englar encouraged the redesign which led to
|
|
.I ex
|
|
version 1.
|
|
Bill Joy wrote versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7,
|
|
and created the framework that users see in the present editor.
|
|
Mark Horton added macros and other features and made the
|
|
editor work on a large number of terminals and Unix systems.
|