2fe8fb192f
There is important information about booting non-ack images in docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the new boot monitor is recommended. Changes in this commit: . drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support . facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING . no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries . some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases . drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet). . a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir . new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/ . test compile fix . harmonize includes . /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even less on the state of the machine making them now. . rename nbsd_lib* to lib* . reduce mtree
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10 KiB
Groff
360 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: stat.2,v 1.47 2010/11/25 20:53:23 dholland Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)stat.2 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
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.\"
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.Dd November 25, 2010
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.Dt STAT 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm stat ,
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.Nm lstat ,
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.Nm fstat
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.Nd get file status
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/stat.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn stat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb"
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.Ft int
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.Fn lstat "const char *path" "struct stat *sb"
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.Ft int
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.Fn fstat "int fd" "struct stat *sb"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn stat
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function obtains information about the file pointed to by
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.Fa path .
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Read, write or execute
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permission of the named file is not required, but all directories
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listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable.
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn lstat
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is like
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.Fn stat
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except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link,
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in which case
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.Fn lstat
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returns information about the link,
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while
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.Fn stat
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returns information about the file the link references.
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The
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.Fn fstat
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function obtains the same information about an open file
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known by the file descriptor
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.Fa fd .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa sb
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argument is a pointer to a
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.Fa stat
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structure
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as defined by
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.In sys/stat.h
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and into which information is placed concerning the file.
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.Ss The Standard Structure
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The following standards-compliant fields are defined in the structure:
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.Bl -column -offset indent \
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"nlink_t " "st_nlink " "Description"
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.It Sy Type Ta Sy Entry Ta Sy Description
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.It Vt dev_t Ta st_dev Ta device ID containing the file
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.It Vt ino_t Ta st_ino Ta serial number of the file
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.It Vt mode_t Ta st_mode Ta mode of the file
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.It Vt nlink_t Ta st_nlink Ta number of hard links to the file
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.It Vt uid_t Ta st_uid Ta user ID of the owner
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.It Vt gid_t Ta st_gid Ta group ID of the owner
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.It Vt dev_t Ta st_rdev Ta device type (character or block special)
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.It Vt off_t Ta st_size Ta size of the file in bytes
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.It Vt time_t Ta st_atime Ta time of last access
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.It Vt time_t Ta st_mtime Ta time of last data modification
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.It Vt time_t Ta st_ctime Ta time of last file status change
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.It Vt blksize_t Ta st_blksize Ta preferred I/O block size (fs-specific)
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.It Vt blkcnt_t Ta st_block Ta blocks allocated for the file
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.El
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.Pp
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These are specified in the
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.St -p1003.1-2004
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standard.
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The
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.Va st_ino
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and
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.Va st_dev
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fields taken together to uniquely identify the file within the system.
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Most of the types are defined in
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.Xr types 3 .
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.Pp
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The time-related fields are:
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.Bl -tag -width st_blksize -offset indent
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.It Va st_atime
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Time when file data was last accessed.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2 ,
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and
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.Xr read 2
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system calls.
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.It Va st_mtime
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Time when file data was last modified.
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Changed by the
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2 ,
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.It Va st_ctime
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Time when file status was last changed (file metadata modification).
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Changed by the
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.Xr chflags 2 ,
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr link 2 ,
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.Xr mknod 2 ,
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.Xr rename 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2 ,
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and
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.Xr write 2
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system calls.
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.El
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.Pp
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The size-related fields of the
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.Fa struct stat
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width st_blksize -offset indent
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.It Va st_size
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The size of the file in bytes.
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The meaning of the size reported for a directory is file system
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dependent.
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Some file systems (e.g. FFS) return the total size used for the
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directory metadata, possibly including free slots; others (notably
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ZFS) return the number of entries in the directory.
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Some may also return other things or always report zero.
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.It Va st_blksize
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The optimal I/O block size for the file.
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.It Va st_blocks
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The actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units.
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As short symbolic links are stored in the inode, this number may
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be zero.
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.El
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.Pp
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The status information word
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.Fa st_mode
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contains bits that define the access mode (see
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.Xr chmod 2 )
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and the type (see
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.Xr dirent 3 )
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of the file.
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The following macros can be used to test
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whether a file is of the specified type.
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The value
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.Fa m
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supplied to the macros is the value of
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.Va st_mode .
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.Bl -tag -width "S_ISSOCK(m)" -offset indent
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.It Fn S_ISBLK "m"
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Test for a block special file.
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.It Fn S_ISCHR "m"
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Test for a character special file.
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.It Fn S_ISDIR "m"
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Test for a directory.
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.It Fn S_ISFIFO "m"
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Test for a pipe or FIFO special file.
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.It Fn S_ISREG "m"
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Test for a regular file.
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.It Fn S_ISLNK "m"
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Test for a symbolic link.
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.It Fn S_ISSOCK "m"
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Test for a socket.
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.El
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.Pp
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The macros evaluate to a non-zero value if the test
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is true or to the value 0 if the test is false.
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.Ss NetBSD Extensions
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The following additional
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.Nx
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specific fields are present:
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.Bl -column -offset indent \
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"uint32_t" "st_birthtimensec" "Description"
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.It Sy Type Ta Sy Entry Ta Sy Description
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.It Vt long Ta st_atimensec Ta last access (nanoseconds)
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.It Vt long Ta st_mtimensec Ta last modification (nanoseconds)
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.It Vt long Ta st_ctimensec Ta last status change (nanoseconds)
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.It Vt time_t Ta st_birthtime Ta time of inode creation
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.It Vt long Ta st_birthtimensec Ta inode creation (nanoseconds)
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_flags Ta user defined flags for the file
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_gen Ta file generation number
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.\"
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.\" XXX: What is this?
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.\"
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_spare[2] Ta implementation detail
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.El
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.Pp
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However, if
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_NETBSD_SOURCE
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is furthermore defined, instead of the above,
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the following are present in the structure:
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.Bl -column -offset indent \
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"struct timespec " "st_birthtimensec" "Description"
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.It Sy Type Ta Sy Entry Ta Sy Description
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.It Vt struct timespec Ta st_atimespec Ta time of last access
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.It Vt struct timespec Ta st_mtimespec Ta time of last modification
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.It Vt struct timespec Ta st_birthtimespec Ta time of creation
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_flags Ta user defined flags
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_gen Ta file generation number
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.\"
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.\" XXX: What is this?
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.\"
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.It Vt uint32_t Ta st_spare[2] Ta implementation detail
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.El
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.Pp
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In this case the following macros are provided for convenience:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#if defined(_NETBSD_SOURCE)
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#define st_atime st_atimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_atimensec st_atimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_mtime st_mtimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_mtimensec st_mtimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_ctime st_ctimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_ctimensec st_ctimespec.tv_nsec
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#define st_birthtime st_birthtimespec.tv_sec
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#define st_birthtimensec st_birthtimespec.tv_nsec
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#endif
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The status information word
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.Fa st_flags
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has the following bits:
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.Bl -column -offset indent \
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"struct timespec " "st_birthtimensec"
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.It Sy Constant Ta Sy Description
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.It Dv UF_NODUMP Ta do not dump a file
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.It Dv UF_IMMUTABLE Ta file may not be changed
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.It Dv UF_APPEND Ta writes to file may only append
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.It Dv UF_OPAQUE Ta directory is opaque wrt. union
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.It Dv SF_ARCHIVED Ta file is archived
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.It Dv SF_IMMUTABLE Ta file may not be changed
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.It Dv SF_APPEND Ta writes to file may only append
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.El
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.Pp
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For a description of the flags, see
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.Xr chflags 2 .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned.
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Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system used different types for the
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.Li st_dev ,
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.Li st_uid ,
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.Li st_gid ,
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.Li st_rdev ,
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.Li st_size ,
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.Li st_blksize
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and
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.Li st_blocks
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fields.
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Fn stat
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and
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.Fn lstat
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will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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A badly formed v-node was encountered.
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This can happen if a file system information node is incorrect.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa sb
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or
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.Em name
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points to an invalid address.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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A component of a pathname exceeded
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.Brq Dv NAME_MAX
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characters, or an entire path name exceeded
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.Brq Dv PATH_MAX
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characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The named file does not exist.
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.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
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A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
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.It Bq Er ENXIO
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The named file is a character special or block
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special file, and the device associated with this special file
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does not exist.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Fn fstat
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will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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.Fa fd
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is not a valid open file descriptor.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa sb
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points to an invalid address.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chflags 2 ,
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr chown 2 ,
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.Xr utimes 2 ,
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.Xr dirent 3 ,
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.Xr types 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The described functions conform to
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.St -p1003.1-2004 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Fn stat
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function call appeared in
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.At v2 .
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A
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.Fn lstat
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function call appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Applying
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.Fn fstat
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to a socket (and thus to a pipe)
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returns a zero'd buffer,
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except for the blocksize field,
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and a unique device and file serial number.
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