This patch imports the unmodified current version of NetBSD libc. The NetBSD includes are in /nbsd_include, while the libc code itself is split between lib/nbsd_libc and common/lib/libc.
212 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
212 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: rasctl.2,v 1.13 2008/04/29 21:06:28 scw Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
|
|
.\" by Gregory McGarry.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
|
|
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
|
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
|
|
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
|
|
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
|
|
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
|
|
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
|
|
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
|
|
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd April 29, 2008
|
|
.Dt RASCTL 2
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm rasctl
|
|
.Nd restartable atomic sequences
|
|
.Sh LIBRARY
|
|
.Lb libc
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.In sys/types.h
|
|
.In sys/ras.h
|
|
.Ft int
|
|
.Fn rasctl "void *addr" "size_t len" "int op"
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences are code sequences which are guaranteed
|
|
to execute without preemption.
|
|
This property is assured by the kernel
|
|
by re-executing a preempted sequence from the start.
|
|
This functionality enables applications to build atomic sequences which,
|
|
when executed to completion, will have executed atomically.
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences are intended to be used on systems that
|
|
do not have hardware support for low-overhead atomic primitives.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
function manipulates a process's set of restartable atomic sequences.
|
|
If a restartable atomic sequence is registered and the process is
|
|
preempted within the range
|
|
.Fa addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa addr Ns + Ns Fa len ,
|
|
then the process is resumed at
|
|
.Fa addr .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As the process execution can be rolled-back, the code in the sequence
|
|
should have no side effects other than a final store at
|
|
.Fa addr Ns + Ns Fa len Ns \-1 .
|
|
The kernel does not guarantee that the sequences are successfully
|
|
restartable.
|
|
It assumes that the application knows what it is doing.
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences should adhere to the following guidelines:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
have a single entry point and a single exit point;
|
|
.It
|
|
not execute emulated instructions; and
|
|
.It
|
|
not invoke any functions or system calls.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences are inherited from the parent by the
|
|
child during the
|
|
.Xr fork 2
|
|
operation.
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences for a process are removed during
|
|
.Xr exec 3 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The operations that can be applied to a restartable atomic sequence
|
|
are specified by the
|
|
.Fa op
|
|
argument.
|
|
Possible operations are:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -compact -width RAS_PURGE_ALLXXX
|
|
.It Dv RAS_INSTALL
|
|
Install this sequence.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_PURGE
|
|
Remove the specified registered sequence for this process.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_PURGE_ALL
|
|
Remove all registered sequences for this process.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv RAS_PURGE
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv RAS_PURGE_ALL
|
|
operations should be considered to have
|
|
undefined behaviour if there are any other runnable threads in the
|
|
address space which might be executing within the restartable atomic
|
|
sequence(s) at the time of the purge.
|
|
The caller must be responsible for ensuring that there is some form of
|
|
coordination with other threads to prevent unexpected behaviour.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To preserve the atomicity of sequences, the kernel attempts to protect
|
|
the sequences from alteration by the
|
|
.Xr ptrace 2
|
|
facility.
|
|
.Sh RETURN VALUES
|
|
Upon successful completion,
|
|
.Fn rasctl
|
|
returns zero.
|
|
Otherwise, \-1 is returned and
|
|
.Va errno
|
|
is set to indicate the error.
|
|
.Sh ERRORS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
function will fail if:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.It Bq Er EINVAL
|
|
Invalid input was supplied, such as an invalid operation, an invalid
|
|
address, or an invalid length.
|
|
A process may have a finite number of
|
|
atomic sequences that is defined at compile time.
|
|
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
|
|
Restartable atomic sequences are not supported by the kernel.
|
|
.It Bq Er ESRCH
|
|
Restartable atomic sequence not registered.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ptrace 2
|
|
.\" .Xr lock 9
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
functionality first appeared in
|
|
.Nx 2.0
|
|
based on a similar interface that appeared in Mach 2.5.
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS
|
|
Modern compilers reorder instruction sequences to optimize speed.
|
|
The start address and size of a
|
|
.Nm RAS
|
|
need to be protected against this.
|
|
One level of protection is created by compiler dependent instructions,
|
|
abstracted from user level code via the following macros:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width RAS_START(name)
|
|
.It Dv RAS_DECL(name)
|
|
Declares the start and end labels used internally by the
|
|
other macros to mark a
|
|
.Nm RAS .
|
|
The name uniquely identifies the
|
|
.Nm RAS .
|
|
.It Dv RAS_START(name)
|
|
Marks the start of the code.
|
|
Each restart returns to the instruction following this macro.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_END(name)
|
|
Marks the end of the restartable code.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_ADDR(name)
|
|
Returns the start address of a
|
|
.Nm RAS
|
|
and is used to create the first argument to
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.It Dv RAS_SIZE(name)
|
|
Returns the size of a
|
|
.Nm RAS
|
|
and is used as second argument to
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.El
|
|
Recent versions of
|
|
.Xr gcc 1
|
|
require the
|
|
.Fl fno-reorder-blocks
|
|
flag to prevent blocks of code wrapped with
|
|
.Dv RAS_START Ns / Ns Dv RAS_END
|
|
being moved outside these labels.
|
|
However, be aware that this may not always be sufficient to prevent
|
|
.Xr gcc 1
|
|
from generating non-restartable code within the
|
|
.Nm RAS
|
|
due to register clobbers.
|
|
It is, therefore, strongly recommended that restartable atomic sequences
|
|
are coded in assembly.
|
|
.Nm RAS
|
|
blocks within assembly code can be specified by using the following macros:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width RAS_START_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
|
|
.It Dv RAS_START_ASM(name)
|
|
Similar to
|
|
.Nm RAS_START
|
|
but for use in assembly source code.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_END_ASM(name)
|
|
Similar to
|
|
.Nm RAS_END
|
|
but for use in assembly source code.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_START_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
|
|
Similar to
|
|
.Nm RAS_START_ASM
|
|
except that the symbol will not be placed in the dynamic symbol table.
|
|
.It Dv RAS_END_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
|
|
Similar to
|
|
.Nm RAS_END_ASM
|
|
except that the symbol will not be placed in the dynamic symbol table.
|
|
.El
|