There is important information about booting non-ack images in docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the new boot monitor is recommended. Changes in this commit: . drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support . facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING . no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries . some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases . drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet). . a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir . new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/ . test compile fix . harmonize includes . /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even less on the state of the machine making them now. . rename nbsd_lib* to lib* . reduce mtree
212 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
212 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: rasctl.2,v 1.13 2008/04/29 21:06:28 scw Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Gregory McGarry.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd April 29, 2008
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.Dt RASCTL 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rasctl
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.Nd restartable atomic sequences
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/types.h
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.In sys/ras.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn rasctl "void *addr" "size_t len" "int op"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Restartable atomic sequences are code sequences which are guaranteed
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to execute without preemption.
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This property is assured by the kernel
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by re-executing a preempted sequence from the start.
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This functionality enables applications to build atomic sequences which,
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when executed to completion, will have executed atomically.
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Restartable atomic sequences are intended to be used on systems that
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do not have hardware support for low-overhead atomic primitives.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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function manipulates a process's set of restartable atomic sequences.
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If a restartable atomic sequence is registered and the process is
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preempted within the range
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.Fa addr
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and
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.Fa addr Ns + Ns Fa len ,
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then the process is resumed at
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.Fa addr .
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.Pp
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As the process execution can be rolled-back, the code in the sequence
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should have no side effects other than a final store at
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.Fa addr Ns + Ns Fa len Ns \-1 .
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The kernel does not guarantee that the sequences are successfully
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restartable.
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It assumes that the application knows what it is doing.
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Restartable atomic sequences should adhere to the following guidelines:
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.Pp
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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.It
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have a single entry point and a single exit point;
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.It
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not execute emulated instructions; and
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.It
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not invoke any functions or system calls.
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.El
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.Pp
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Restartable atomic sequences are inherited from the parent by the
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child during the
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.Xr fork 2
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operation.
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Restartable atomic sequences for a process are removed during
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.Xr exec 3 .
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.Pp
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The operations that can be applied to a restartable atomic sequence
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are specified by the
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.Fa op
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argument.
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Possible operations are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width RAS_PURGE_ALLXXX
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.It Dv RAS_INSTALL
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Install this sequence.
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.It Dv RAS_PURGE
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Remove the specified registered sequence for this process.
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.It Dv RAS_PURGE_ALL
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Remove all registered sequences for this process.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Dv RAS_PURGE
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and
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.Dv RAS_PURGE_ALL
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operations should be considered to have
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undefined behaviour if there are any other runnable threads in the
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address space which might be executing within the restartable atomic
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sequence(s) at the time of the purge.
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The caller must be responsible for ensuring that there is some form of
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coordination with other threads to prevent unexpected behaviour.
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.Pp
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To preserve the atomicity of sequences, the kernel attempts to protect
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the sequences from alteration by the
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.Xr ptrace 2
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facility.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion,
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.Fn rasctl
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returns zero.
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Otherwise, \-1 is returned and
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Nm
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function will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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Invalid input was supplied, such as an invalid operation, an invalid
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address, or an invalid length.
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A process may have a finite number of
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atomic sequences that is defined at compile time.
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.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
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Restartable atomic sequences are not supported by the kernel.
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.It Bq Er ESRCH
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Restartable atomic sequence not registered.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ptrace 2
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.\" .Xr lock 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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functionality first appeared in
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.Nx 2.0
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based on a similar interface that appeared in Mach 2.5.
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.Sh CAVEATS
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Modern compilers reorder instruction sequences to optimize speed.
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The start address and size of a
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.Nm RAS
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need to be protected against this.
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One level of protection is created by compiler dependent instructions,
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abstracted from user level code via the following macros:
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.Bl -tag -width RAS_START(name)
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.It Dv RAS_DECL(name)
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Declares the start and end labels used internally by the
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other macros to mark a
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.Nm RAS .
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The name uniquely identifies the
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.Nm RAS .
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.It Dv RAS_START(name)
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Marks the start of the code.
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Each restart returns to the instruction following this macro.
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.It Dv RAS_END(name)
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Marks the end of the restartable code.
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.It Dv RAS_ADDR(name)
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Returns the start address of a
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.Nm RAS
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and is used to create the first argument to
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.Nm .
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.It Dv RAS_SIZE(name)
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Returns the size of a
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.Nm RAS
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and is used as second argument to
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.Nm .
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.El
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Recent versions of
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.Xr gcc 1
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require the
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.Fl fno-reorder-blocks
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flag to prevent blocks of code wrapped with
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.Dv RAS_START Ns / Ns Dv RAS_END
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being moved outside these labels.
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However, be aware that this may not always be sufficient to prevent
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.Xr gcc 1
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from generating non-restartable code within the
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.Nm RAS
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due to register clobbers.
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It is, therefore, strongly recommended that restartable atomic sequences
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are coded in assembly.
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.Nm RAS
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blocks within assembly code can be specified by using the following macros:
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.Bl -tag -width RAS_START_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
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.It Dv RAS_START_ASM(name)
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Similar to
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.Nm RAS_START
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but for use in assembly source code.
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.It Dv RAS_END_ASM(name)
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Similar to
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.Nm RAS_END
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but for use in assembly source code.
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.It Dv RAS_START_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
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Similar to
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.Nm RAS_START_ASM
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except that the symbol will not be placed in the dynamic symbol table.
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.It Dv RAS_END_ASM_HIDDEN(name)
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Similar to
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.Nm RAS_END_ASM
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except that the symbol will not be placed in the dynamic symbol table.
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.El
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