164 lines
3.6 KiB
Groff
164 lines
3.6 KiB
Groff
.TH LS 1
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
ls \- list the contents of a directory
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
\fBls\fP [\fB\-acdfghilpqrstu1ACDFLMRTX\fP] [\fIname\fP...]
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
For each file argument, list it. For each directory argument, list its
|
|
contents. The current working directory is listed when no files are named.
|
|
Information is printed multicolumn on terminals, single column if the output
|
|
is redirected. The options control what information is shown and how.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Ls
|
|
has two sources other then the command line to draw options from, one is
|
|
the environment variable
|
|
.B LSOPTS
|
|
that is scanned for option letters when the output of
|
|
.B ls
|
|
is displayed on a terminal. The other is the name of
|
|
.B ls
|
|
itself. If
|
|
.B ls
|
|
is linked to another name, then all the characters after the l are used as
|
|
flags too, except that d, f, r, t and x are translated to D, F, R, T and X.
|
|
Useful links are
|
|
.BR ll ,
|
|
.BR lf ,
|
|
.B lm
|
|
and
|
|
.BR lx .
|
|
.PP
|
|
Files whose names start with a dot are by default not listed.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that standard Minix doesn't have symbolic links or sockets and
|
|
.B \-u
|
|
and
|
|
.B \-c
|
|
are no-ops on a V1 file system, since only modified times are stored in V1
|
|
inodes.
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-a
|
|
All entries are listed, even
|
|
.B .
|
|
and
|
|
.B ..
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-c
|
|
Use inode changed time for sorting, listing or searching.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-d
|
|
Do not list contents of directories, but list the directory itself.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-f
|
|
Do not sort (should also be: treat a file as a directory, but that
|
|
can't be implemented portably).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-g
|
|
Suppress the owner name on a long listing (implies
|
|
.BR \-l ).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-h
|
|
Show file sizes in kilo, mega or gigabytes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-i
|
|
I-node number printed in the first column.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-l
|
|
Long listing: mode, links, owner, group, size and time.
|
|
.RB ( "ls \-lC"
|
|
uses columns in a wide enough window!)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-n
|
|
Print numerical user and group id's.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-p
|
|
Mark directories with a '\fB/\fP'.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-q
|
|
Print nongraphic characters as '\fB?\fP' (default on terminals).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-r
|
|
Reverse the sort order.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-s
|
|
Give the size in kilobytes in the first
|
|
.RB ( \-s )
|
|
or second column
|
|
.RB ( \-is ).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-t
|
|
Sort by time (modified time default), latest first.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-u
|
|
Use last accessed time for sorting, listing or searching.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-1
|
|
Print in one column.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-A
|
|
List all entries, but not
|
|
.B .
|
|
and
|
|
.B ..
|
|
(This is the default for privileged users.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-C
|
|
Print multicolumn (default on terminals).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-D
|
|
Distinguish files by type, i.e. regular files together, directories
|
|
together, etc.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-F
|
|
Mark directories with a '\fB/\fP', executables with a '\fB*\fP', \s-2UNIX\s+2
|
|
domain sockets with a '\fB=\fP', named pipes with a '\fB|\fP' and symbolic
|
|
links with a '\fB@\fP' behind the name.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-L
|
|
Print the file referenced by a symbolic link instead of the link.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-M
|
|
List mode before name (implies
|
|
.BR \-C ).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-R
|
|
List directory trees recursively.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-T
|
|
Print file times in a long format, e.g. "Oct 24 21:37:41 1996".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-X
|
|
Print crunched mode and size before name (implies
|
|
.BR \-C ).
|
|
Only the rwx permissions that its caller has on the file are shown, but they
|
|
are in upper case if the caller owns the file and has given the permission
|
|
to the callers group or other users. The size is listed in bytes (<= 5K),
|
|
or rounded up kilo, mega or gigabytes.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR du (1),
|
|
.BR stat (1),
|
|
.BR stat (2).
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
Having to type
|
|
.B ls \-C
|
|
when viewing files through
|
|
.BR more (1).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Is only portable to systems with the same
|
|
.B st_mode
|
|
(see
|
|
.BR stat (2)).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
.B LSOPTS
|
|
variable and the
|
|
.BR -D ,
|
|
.B -M
|
|
and
|
|
.B -X
|
|
flags are not found on other
|
|
.B ls
|
|
implementations. (They have their own nonstandard flags.)
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Kees J. Bot <kjb@cs.vu.nl>
|