176 lines
8.7 KiB
C
176 lines
8.7 KiB
C
/* Physical memory layout on IBM compatible PCs. Only the major, fixed memory
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* areas are detailed here. Known addresses of the BIOS data area are defined
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* in <ibm/bios.h>. The map upper memory area (UMA) is only roughly defined
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* since the UMA sections may vary in size and locus.
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*
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* Created: March 2005, Jorrit N. Herder
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*/
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/* I/O-mapped peripherals. I/O addresses are different from memory addresses
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* due to the I/O signal on the ISA bus. Individual I/O ports are defined by
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* the drivers that use them or looked up with help of the BIOS.
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*/
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#define IO_MEMORY_BEGIN 0x0000
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#define IO_MEMORY_END 0xFFFF
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/* Physical memory layout. Design decisions made for the earliest PCs, caused
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* memory to be broken broken into the following four basic pieces:
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* - Conventional or base memory: first 640 KB (incl. BIOS data, see below);
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* The top of conventional memory is often used by the BIOS to store data.
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* - Upper Memory Area (UMA): upper 384 KB of the first megabyte of memory;
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* - High Memory Area (HMA): ~ first 64 KB of the second megabyte of memory;
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* - Extended Memory: all the memory above first megabyte of memory.
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* The high memory area overlaps with the first 64 KB of extended memory, but
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* is different from the rest of extended memory because it can be accessed
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* when the processor is in real mode.
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*/
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#define BASE_MEM_BEGIN 0x000000
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#define BASE_MEM_TOP 0x090000
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#define BASE_MEM_END 0x09FFFF
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#define UPPER_MEM_BEGIN 0x0A0000
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#define UPPER_MEM_END 0x0FFFFF
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#define HIGH_MEM_BEGIN 0x100000
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#define HIGH_MEM_END 0x10FFEF
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#define EXTENDED_MEM_BEGIN 0x100000
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#define EXTENDED_MEM_END ((unsigned) -1)
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/* The logical memory map of the first 1.5 MB is as follows (hexadecimals):
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*
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* offset [size] (id) = memory usage
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* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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* 000000 [00400] (I) = Real-Mode Interrupt Vector Table (1024 B)
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* 000400 [00100] (B) = BIOS Data Area (256 B)
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* 000800 [00066] (W) = 80286 Loadall workspace
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* 010000 [10000] (c) = Real-Mode Compatibility Segment (64 KB)
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* 020000 [70000] (.) = Program-accessible memory (free)
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* 090000 [10000] (E) = BIOS Extension
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* 0A0000 [10000] (G) = Graphics Mode Video RAM
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* 0B0000 [08000] (M) = Monochrome Text Mode Video RAM
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* 0B8000 [08000] (C) = Color Text Mode Video RAM
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* 0C0000 [08000] (V) = Video ROM BIOS (would be "a" in PS/2)
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* 0C8000 [18000] (a) = Adapter ROM + special-purpose RAM (free UMA space)
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* 0E0000 [10000] (r) = PS/2 Motherboard ROM BIOS (free UMA in non-PS/2)
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* 0F0000 [06000] (R) = Motherboard ROM BIOS
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* 0F6000 [08000] (b) = IBM Cassette BASIC ROM ("R" in IBM compatibles)
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* 0FD000 [02000] (R) = Motherboard ROM BIOS
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* 100000 [.....] (.) = Extended memory, program-accessible (free)
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* 100000 [0FFEF] (h) = High Memory Area (HMA)
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*
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*
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* Conventional (Base) Memory:
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*
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* : [~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~]
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* : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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* 000000: IBW.............................................................
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* 010000: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
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* 020000: ................................................................
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* 030000: ................................................................
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* 040000: ................................................................
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* 050000: ................................................................
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* 060000: ................................................................
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* 070000: ................................................................
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* 080000: ................................................................
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* 090000: EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
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*
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* Upper Memory Area (UMA):
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*
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* : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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* 0A0000: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
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* 0B0000: MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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* 0C0000: VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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* 0D0000: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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* 0E0000: rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
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* 0F0000: RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbRRRRRRRR
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*
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* Extended Memory:
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*
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* : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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* 100000: hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.
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* 110000: ................................................................
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* 120000: ................................................................
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* 130000: ................................................................
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* 140000: ................................................................
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* 150000: ................................................................
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* 160000: ................................................................
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* 170000: ................................................................
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*
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* Source: The logical memory map was partly taken from the book "Upgrading
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* & Repairing PCs Eight Edition", Macmillan Computer Publishing.
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*/
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/* The bottom part of conventional or base memory is occupied by BIOS data.
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* The BIOS memory can be distinguished in two parts:
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* o The first the first 1024 bytes of addressable memory contains the BIOS
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* real-mode interrupt vector table (IVT). The table is used to access BIOS
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* hardware services in real-mode by loading a interrupt vector and issuing
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* an INT instruction. Some vectors contain BIOS data that can be retrieved
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* directly and are useful in protected-mode as well.
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* o The BIOS data area is located directly above the interrupt vectors. It
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* comprises 256 bytes of memory. These data are used by the device drivers
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* to retrieve hardware details, such as I/O ports to be used.
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*/
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#define BIOS_MEM_BEGIN 0x00000 /* all BIOS memory */
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#define BIOS_MEM_END 0x004FF
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#define BIOS_IVT_BEGIN 0x00000 /* BIOS interrupt vectors */
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#define BIOS_IVT_END 0x003FF
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#define BIOS_DATA_BEGIN 0x00400 /* BIOS data area */
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#define BIOS_DATA_END 0x004FF
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/* The base memory is followed by 384 KB reserved memory located at the top of
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* the first MB of physical memory. This memory is known as the upper memory
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* area (UMA). It is used for memory-mapped peripherals, such as video RAM,
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* adapter BIOS (adapter ROM and special purpose RAM), and the motherboard
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* BIOS (I/O system, Power-On Self Test, bootstrap loader). The upper memory
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* can roughly be distinguished in three parts:
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*
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* o The first 128K of the upper memory area (A0000-BFFFF) is reserved for use
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* by memory-mapped video adapters. Hence, it is also called Video RAM. The
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* display driver can directly write to this memory and request the hardware
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* to show the data on the screen.
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*/
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#define UMA_VIDEO_RAM_BEGIN 0xA0000 /* video RAM */
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#define UMA_VIDEO_RAM_END 0xBFFFF
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#define UMA_GRAPHICS_RAM_BEGIN 0xA0000 /* graphics RAM */
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#define UMA_GRAPHICS_RAM_END 0xAFFFF
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#define UMA_MONO_TEXT_BEGIN 0xB0000 /* monochrome text */
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#define UMA_MONO_TEXT_END 0xB7FFF
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#define UMA_COLOR_TEXT_BEGIN 0xB8000 /* color text */
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#define UMA_COLOR_TEXT_END 0xBFFFF
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/* o The next 128K (the memory range C0000-DFFFF) is reserved for the adapter
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* BIOS that resides in the ROM on some adapter boards. Most VGA-compatible
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* video adapters use the first 32 KB of this area for their on-board BIOS.
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* The rest can be used by any other adapters. The IDE controller often
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* occupies the second 32 KB.
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*/
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#define UMA_ADAPTER_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC0000 /* adapter BIOS */
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#define UMA_ADAPTER_BIOS_END 0xDFFFF
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#define UMA_VIDEO_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC0000 /* video adapter */
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#define UMA_VIDEO_BIOS_END 0xC7FFF
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#define UMA_IDE_HD_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC8000 /* IDE hard disk */
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#define UMA_IDE_HD_BIOS_END 0xCBFFF
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/* o The last 128K of the upper memory area (E0000-FFFFF) is reserved for
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* motherboard BIOS (Basic I/O System). The POST (Power-On Self Test) and
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* bootstrap loader also reside in this space. The memory falls apart in
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* two areas: Plug & Play BIOS data and the system BIOS data.
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*/
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#define UMA_MB_BIOS_BEGIN 0xE0000 /* motherboard BIOS */
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#define UMA_MB_BIOS_END 0xFFFFF
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#define UMA_PNP_ESCD_BIOS_BEGIN 0xE0000 /* PnP extended data */
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#define UMA_PNP_ESCD_BIOS_END 0xEFFFF
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#define UMA_SYSTEM_BIOS_BEGIN 0xF0000 /* system BIOS */
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#define UMA_SYSTEM_BIOS_END 0xFFFFF
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