This commit removes all traces of Minix segments (the text/data/stack
memory map abstraction in the kernel) and significance of Intel segments
(hardware segments like CS, DS that add offsets to all addressing before
page table translation). This ultimately simplifies the memory layout
and addressing and makes the same layout possible on non-Intel
architectures.
There are only two types of addresses in the world now: virtual
and physical; even the kernel and processes have the same virtual
address space. Kernel and user processes can be distinguished at a
glance as processes won't use 0xF0000000 and above.
No static pre-allocated memory sizes exist any more.
Changes to booting:
. The pre_init.c leaves the kernel and modules exactly as
they were left by the bootloader in physical memory
. The kernel starts running using physical addressing,
loaded at a fixed location given in its linker script by the
bootloader. All code and data in this phase are linked to
this fixed low location.
. It makes a bootstrap pagetable to map itself to a
fixed high location (also in linker script) and jumps to
the high address. All code and data then use this high addressing.
. All code/data symbols linked at the low addresses is prefixed by
an objcopy step with __k_unpaged_*, so that that code cannot
reference highly-linked symbols (which aren't valid yet) or vice
versa (symbols that aren't valid any more).
. The two addressing modes are separated in the linker script by
collecting the unpaged_*.o objects and linking them with low
addresses, and linking the rest high. Some objects are linked
twice, once low and once high.
. The bootstrap phase passes a lot of information (e.g. free memory
list, physical location of the modules, etc.) using the kinfo
struct.
. After this bootstrap the low-linked part is freed.
. The kernel maps in VM into the bootstrap page table so that VM can
begin executing. Its first job is to make page tables for all other
boot processes. So VM runs before RS, and RS gets a fully dynamic,
VM-managed address space. VM gets its privilege info from RS as usual
but that happens after RS starts running.
. Both the kernel loading VM and VM organizing boot processes happen
using the libexec logic. This removes the last reason for VM to
still know much about exec() and vm/exec.c is gone.
Further Implementation:
. All segments are based at 0 and have a 4 GB limit.
. The kernel is mapped in at the top of the virtual address
space so as not to constrain the user processes.
. Processes do not use segments from the LDT at all; there are
no segments in the LDT any more, so no LLDT is needed.
. The Minix segments T/D/S are gone and so none of the
user-space or in-kernel copy functions use them. The copy
functions use a process endpoint of NONE to realize it's
a physical address, virtual otherwise.
. The umap call only makes sense to translate a virtual address
to a physical address now.
. Segments-related calls like newmap and alloc_segments are gone.
. All segments-related translation in VM is gone (vir2map etc).
. Initialization in VM is simpler as no moving around is necessary.
. VM and all other boot processes can be linked wherever they wish
and will be mapped in at the right location by the kernel and VM
respectively.
Other changes:
. The multiboot code is less special: it does not use mb_print
for its diagnostics any more but uses printf() as normal, saving
the output into the diagnostics buffer, only printing to the
screen using the direct print functions if a panic() occurs.
. The multiboot code uses the flexible 'free memory map list'
style to receive the list of free memory if available.
. The kernel determines the memory layout of the processes to
a degree: it tells VM where the kernel starts and ends and
where the kernel wants the top of the process to be. VM then
uses this entire range, i.e. the stack is right at the top,
and mmap()ped bits of memory are placed below that downwards,
and the break grows upwards.
Other Consequences:
. Every process gets its own page table as address spaces
can't be separated any more by segments.
. As all segments are 0-based, there is no distinction between
virtual and linear addresses, nor between userspace and
kernel addresses.
. Less work is done when context switching, leading to a net
performance increase. (8% faster on my machine for 'make servers'.)
. The layout and configuration of the GDT makes sysenter and syscall
possible.
building defaults to off until clang is updated.
current clang does not handle -shared, necessary to change the ld
invocation to build shared libraries properly. a new clang should be
installed and MKPIC defaults to no unless the newer clang is detected.
changes:
. mainly small imports of a Makefile or two and small fixes
(turning things back on that were turned off in Makefiles)
. e.g.: dynamic librefuse now depends on dynamic
libpuffs, so libpuffs has to be built dynamically too
and a make dependency barrier is needed in lib/Makefile
. all library objects now have a PIC (for .so) and non-PIC
version, so everything is built twice.
. generate PIC versions of the compat (un-RENAMEd) jump files,
include function type annotation in generated assembly
. build progs with -static by default for now
. also build ld.elf_so
. also import NetBSD ldd
. file- and functionality-compatible with previous situation
(FreeBSD csu) (with a crt1.o -> crt0.o symlink in /usr/lib)
. harmonizes source with netbsd
. harmonizes linker invocation (e.g. clang) with netbsd
. helpful to get some arm code in there for the arm port project
This Shared Folders File System library (libsffs) now contains all the
file system logic originally in HGFS. The actual HGFS server code is
now a stub that passes on all the work to libsffs. The libhgfs library
is changed accordingly.
You might have to update the compiler-rt package! See UPDATING.
. the purpose of this -L was solely to find compiler-rt, which contains
runtime support code for clang-compiled binaries
. this also makes all other packaged libraries visible, however
. it is cleaner to isolate the base system from packages, and so
compiler-rt puts itself in /usr/pkg/compiler-rt/lib/ too, which the
base system henceforth uses exclusively
. e.g. this solves a link failure when libfetch is installed as a
package
. the new compiler-rt package also puts itself in /usr/pkg/lib for 'old'
systems; that is harmless. The benefit of 'new' systems is that the other
packages are hidden.
. harmonize bsd.lib.mk and bsd.man.mk with netbsd files
. throw out minix section 3 (library calls) manpages,
replaced by netbsd ones that are now installed
There is important information about booting non-ack images in
docs/UPDATING. ack/aout-format images can't be built any more, and
booting clang/ELF-format ones is a little different. Updating to the
new boot monitor is recommended.
Changes in this commit:
. drop boot monitor -> allowing dropping ack support
. facility to copy ELF boot files to /boot so that old boot monitor
can still boot fairly easily, see UPDATING
. no more ack-format libraries -> single-case libraries
. some cleanup of OBJECT_FMT, COMPILER_TYPE, etc cases
. drop several ack toolchain commands, but not all support
commands (e.g. aal is gone but acksize is not yet).
. a few libc files moved to netbsd libc dir
. new /bin/date as minix date used code in libc/
. test compile fix
. harmonize includes
. /usr/lib is no longer special: without ack, /usr/lib plays no
kind of special bootstrapping role any more and bootstrapping
is done exclusively through packages, so releases depend even
less on the state of the machine making them now.
. rename nbsd_lib* to lib*
. reduce mtree
This patch separates the character and block driver communication
protocols. The old character protocol remains the same, but a new
block protocol is introduced. The libdriver library is replaced by
two new libraries: libchardriver and libblockdriver. Their exposed
API, and drivers that use them, have been updated accordingly.
Together, libbdev and libblockdriver now completely abstract away
the message format used by the block protocol. As the memory driver
is both a character and a block device driver, it now implements its
own message loop.
The most important semantic change made to the block protocol is that
it is no longer possible to return both partial results and an error
for a single transfer. This simplifies the interaction between the
caller and the driver, as the I/O vector no longer needs to be copied
back. Also, drivers are now no longer supposed to decide based on the
layout of the I/O vector when a transfer should be cut short. Put
simply, transfers are now supposed to either succeed completely, or
result in an error.
After this patch, the state of the various pieces is as follows:
- block protocol: stable
- libbdev API: stable for synchronous communication
- libblockdriver API: needs slight revision (the drvlib/partition API
in particular; the threading API will also change shortly)
- character protocol: needs cleanup
- libchardriver API: needs cleanup accordingly
- driver restarts: largely unsupported until endpoint changes are
reintroduced
As a side effect, this patch eliminates several bugs, hacks, and gcc
-Wall and -W warnings all over the place. It probably introduces a
few new ones, too.
Update warning: this patch changes the protocol between MFS and disk
drivers, so in order to use old/new images, the MFS from the ramdisk
must be used to mount all file systems.
This patch fixes most of current reasons to generate compiler warnings.
The changes consist of:
- adding missing casts
- hiding or unhiding function declarations
- including headers where missing
- add __UNCONST when assigning a const char * to a char *
- adding missing return statements
- changing some types from unsigned to signed, as the code seems to want
signed ints
- converting old-style function definitions to current style (i.e.,
void func(param1, param2) short param1, param2; {...} to
void func (short param1, short param2) {...})
- making the compiler silent about signed vs unsigned comparisons. We
have too many of those in the new libc to fix.
A number of bugs in the test set were fixed. These bugs were never
triggered with our old libc. Consequently, these tests are now forced to
link with the new libc or they will generate errors (in particular tests 43
and 55).
Most changes in NetBSD libc are limited to moving aroudn "#ifndef __minix"
or stuff related to Minix-specific things (code in sys-minix or gen/minix).
. add bsd-style MLINKS to minix man set, restoring aliases
(e.g. man add64 -> int64)
. update daily cron script to run makewhatis and restore makewhatis
in man Makefile (makedb), restores functionality of man -k
. netbsd imports of man, mdocml, makewhatis, libutil, apropos
. update man.conf with manpage locations, restoring man [-s] <section>
. throws out some obsolete manpages
Now users can choose between libsys, libsys + libminc and
libsys + libc. E.g. PUFFS/FUSE servers need libsys + libc while
old servers can use libsys + libminc.
1. ack, a.out, minix headers (moved to /usr/include.ack),
minix libc
2. gcc/clang, elf, netbsd headers (moved to /usr/include),
netbsd libc (moved to /usr/lib)
So this obsoletes the /usr/netbsd hierarchy.
No special invocation for netbsd libc necessary - it's always used
for gcc/clang.
Some packages are in multiple categories (one example is
devel/libgetopt). This broke the IF statement because
${CATEGORIES} got expanded to "cat1 cat2". The proper
variable to use is PKGPATH.
Add two makefiles to manage compiling packages with NetBSD libc.
* minix.libc.mk contains the proper CFLAGS/LDFLAGS
* pkgsrchooks.mk contains the logic for setting the flags.
* update bmake
Several pkg-config files were added to help pkgsrc learn about
the c, minlib, and compat_minix libraries.
3 sets of libraries are built now:
. ack: all libraries that ack can compile (/usr/lib/i386/)
. clang+elf: all libraries with minix headers (/usr/lib/)
. clang+elf: all libraries with netbsd headers (/usr/netbsd/)
Once everything can be compiled with netbsd libraries and headers, the
/usr/netbsd hierarchy will be obsolete and its libraries compiled with
netbsd headers will be installed in /usr/lib, and its headers
in /usr/include. (i.e. minix libc and current minix headers set
will be gone.)
To use the NetBSD libc system (libraries + headers) before
it is the default libc, see:
http://wiki.minix3.org/en/DevelopersGuide/UsingNetBSDCode
This wiki page also documents the maintenance of the patch
files of minix-specific changes to imported NetBSD code.
Changes in this commit:
. libsys: Add NBSD compilation and create a safe NBSD-based libc.
. Port rest of libraries (except libddekit) to new header system.
. Enable compilation of libddekit with new headers.
. Enable kernel compilation with new headers.
. Enable drivers compilation with new headers.
. Port legacy commands to new headers and libc.
. Port servers to new headers.
. Add <sys/sigcontext.h> in compat library.
. Remove dependency file in tree.
. Enable compilation of common/lib/libc/atomic in libsys
. Do not generate RCSID strings in libc.
. Temporarily disable zoneinfo as they are incompatible with NetBSD format
. obj-nbsd for .gitignore
. Procfs: use only integer arithmetic. (Antoine Leca)
. Increase ramdisk size to create NBSD-based images.
. Remove INCSYMLINKS handling hack.
. Add nbsd_include/sys/exec_elf.h
. Enable ELF compilation with NBSD libc.
. Add 'make nbsdsrc' in tools to download reference NetBSD sources.
. Automate minix-port.patch creation.
. Avoid using fstavfs() as it is *extremely* slow and unneeded.
. Set err() as PRIVATE to avoid name clash with libc.
. [NBSD] servers/vm: remove compilation warnings.
. u32 is not a long in NBSD headers.
. UPDATING info on netbsd hierarchy
. commands fixes for netbsd libc
. Handle more compiler names, including most cross-compilers.
. Allows to use acd(1) and [whatever-]acc to designate ACK compiler.
. Do not abort (on COMPILER_TYPE not defined) if the compiler name
is not recognized.
and minor fixes:
. add ack/clean target to lib, 'unify' clean target
. add includes as library dependency
. mk: exclude warning options clang doesn't have in non-gcc
. set -e in lib/*.sh build files
. clang compile error circumvention (disable NOASSERTS for release builds)
This patch changes the system mk scripts to enable compilation
of programs using the BSD make system to compile with the new
libc.
In details, it does the following:
- it always defines the __MINIX make variable. This can be used,
in porting applications, to specialize Makefiles for Minix.
- If the environment variable NBSD is set to something different
than 'no' and if the compiler is not ack, set NBSD_LIBC to 'yes'.
This will set the destination lib directory to '/usr/netbsd/lib'
and set up CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS to use new libc's includes and
library directory.
- kernel detects CPUs by searching ACPI tables for local apic nodes
- each CPU has its own TSS that points to its own stack. All cpus boot
on the same boot stack (in sequence) but switch to its private stack
as soon as they can.
- final booting code in main() placed in bsp_finish_booting() which is
executed only after the BSP switches to its final stack
- apic functions to send startup interrupts
- assembler functions to handle CPU features not needed for single cpu
mode like memory barries, HT detection etc.
- new files kernel/smp.[ch], kernel/arch/i386/arch_smp.c and
kernel/arch/i386/include/arch_smp.h
- 16-bit trampoline code for the APs. It is executed by each AP after
receiving startup IPIs it brings up the CPUs to 32bit mode and let
them spin in an infinite loop so they don't do any damage.
- implementation of kernel spinlock
- CONFIG_SMP and CONFIG_MAX_CPUS set by the build system
- kernel compile was broken with gcc as putchar() was added by gcc in
stacktrace.c
- add -fno-builtin everywhere to avoid such problems in the future
- -fno-builtin in kernel now redundant
