There is not that much use for it on a single CPU, however, deadlock
between kernel and system task can be delected. Or a runaway loop.
If a kernel gets locked up the timer interrupts don't occure (as all
interrupts are disabled in kernel mode). The only chance is to
interrupt the kernel by a non-maskable interrupt.
This patch generates NMIs using performance counters. It uses the most
widely available performace counters. As the performance counters are
highly model-specific this patch is not guaranteed to work on every
machine. Unfortunately this is also true for KVM :-/ On the other
hand adding this feature for other models is not extremely difficult
and the framework makes it hopefully easy enough.
Depending on the frequency of the CPU an NMI is generated at most
about every 0.5s If the cpu's speed is less then 2Ghz it is generated
at most every 1s. In general an NMI is generated much less often as
the performance counter counts down only if the cpu is not idle.
Therefore the overhead of this feature is fairly minimal even if the
load is high.
Uppon detecting that the kernel is locked up the kernel dumps the
state of the kernel registers and panics.
Local APIC must be enabled for the watchdog to work.
The code is _always_ compiled in, however, it is only enabled if
watchdog=<non-zero> is set in the boot monitor.
One corner case is serial console debugging. As dumping a lot of stuff
to the serial link may take a lot of time, the watchdog does not
detect lockups during this time!!! as it would result in too many
false positives. 10 nmi have to be handled before the lockup is
detected. This means something between ~5s to 10s.
Another corner case is that the watchdog is enabled only after the
paging is enabled as it would be pure madness to try to get it right.
- local APIC timer used as the source of time
- PIC is still used as the hw interrupt controller as we don't have
enough info without ACPI or MPS to set up IO APICs
- remapping of APIC when switching paging on, uses the new mechanism
to tell VM what phys areas to map in kernel's virtual space
- one more step to SMP
based on code by Arun C.
