boot is a normal binary with a.out again. use 'cdbootblock,' a CDBOOT
variant of bootblock, both from bootblock.s, as the first boot image
that then loads boot, exactly like the bootblock loads boot when booting
from harddisk. the sector numbers (2048 byte iso sectors) are patched in
by writeisofs, like installboot does for bootblock. bootblock unchanged.
the kernel. They are not used atm, but having them in trunk allows them
to be easily used when needed. To set a breakpoint that triggers when
the variable foo is written to (the most common use case), one calls:
breakpoint_set(vir2phys((vir_bytes) &foo), 0,
BREAKPOINT_FLAG_MODE_GLOBAL |
BREAKPOINT_FLAG_RW_WRITE |
BREAKPOINT_FLAG_LEN_4);
It can later be disabled using:
breakpoint_set(vir2phys((vir_bytes) &foo), 0,
BREAKPOINT_FLAG_MODE_OFF);
There are some limitations:
- There are at most four breakpoints (hardware limit); the index of the
breakpoint (0-3) is specified as the second parameter of
breakpoint_set.
- The breakpoint exception in the kernel is not handled and causes a
panic; it would be reasonably easy to change this by inspecing DR6,
printing a message, disabling the breakpoint and continuing. However,
in my experience even just a panic can be very useful.
- Breakpoints can be set only in the part of the address space that is
in every page table. It is useful for the kernel, but to use this for
user processes would require saving and restoring the debug registers
as part of the context switch. Although the CPU provides support for
local breakpoints (I implemened this as BREAKPOINT_FLAG_LOCAL) they
only work if task switching is used.
UPDATING INFO:
20100317:
/usr/src/etc/system.conf updated to ignore default kernel calls: copy
it (or merge it) to /etc/system.conf.
The hello driver (/dev/hello) added to the distribution:
# cd /usr/src/commands/scripts && make clean install
# cd /dev && MAKEDEV hello
KERNEL CHANGES:
- Generic signal handling support. The kernel no longer assumes PM as a signal
manager for every process. The signal manager of a given process can now be
specified in its privilege slot. When a signal has to be delivered, the kernel
performs the lookup and forwards the signal to the appropriate signal manager.
PM is the default signal manager for user processes, RS is the default signal
manager for system processes. To enable ptrace()ing for system processes, it
is sufficient to change the default signal manager to PM. This will temporarily
disable crash recovery, though.
- sys_exit() is now split into sys_exit() (i.e. exit() for system processes,
which generates a self-termination signal), and sys_clear() (i.e. used by PM
to ask the kernel to clear a process slot when a process exits).
- Added a new kernel call (i.e. sys_update()) to swap two process slots and
implement live update.
PM CHANGES:
- Posix signal handling is no longer allowed for system processes. System
signals are split into two fixed categories: termination and non-termination
signals. When a non-termination signaled is processed, PM transforms the signal
into an IPC message and delivers the message to the system process. When a
termination signal is processed, PM terminates the process.
- PM no longer assumes itself as the signal manager for system processes. It now
makes sure that every system signal goes through the kernel before being
actually processes. The kernel will then dispatch the signal to the appropriate
signal manager which may or may not be PM.
SYSLIB CHANGES:
- Simplified SEF init and LU callbacks.
- Added additional predefined SEF callbacks to debug crash recovery and
live update.
- Fixed a temporary ack in the SEF init protocol. SEF init reply is now
completely synchronous.
- Added SEF signal event type to provide a uniform interface for system
processes to deal with signals. A sef_cb_signal_handler() callback is
available for system processes to handle every received signal. A
sef_cb_signal_manager() callback is used by signal managers to process
system signals on behalf of the kernel.
- Fixed a few bugs with memory mapping and DS.
VM CHANGES:
- Page faults and memory requests coming from the kernel are now implemented
using signals.
- Added a new VM call to swap two process slots and implement live update.
- The call is used by RS at update time and in turn invokes the kernel call
sys_update().
RS CHANGES:
- RS has been reworked with a better functional decomposition.
- Better kernel call masks. com.h now defines the set of very basic kernel calls
every system service is allowed to use. This makes system.conf simpler and
easier to maintain. In addition, this guarantees a higher level of isolation
for system libraries that use one or more kernel calls internally (e.g. printf).
- RS is the default signal manager for system processes. By default, RS
intercepts every signal delivered to every system process. This makes crash
recovery possible before bringing PM and friends in the loop.
- RS now supports fast rollback when something goes wrong while initializing
the new version during a live update.
- Live update is now implemented by keeping the two versions side-by-side and
swapping the process slots when the old version is ready to update.
- Crash recovery is now implemented by keeping the two versions side-by-side
and cleaning up the old version only when the recovery process is complete.
DS CHANGES:
- Fixed a bug when the process doing ds_publish() or ds_delete() is not known
by DS.
- Fixed the completely broken support for strings. String publishing is now
implemented in the system library and simply wraps publishing of memory ranges.
Ideally, we should adopt a similar approach for other data types as well.
- Test suite fixed.
DRIVER CHANGES:
- The hello driver has been added to the Minix distribution to demonstrate basic
live update and crash recovery functionalities.
- Other drivers have been adapted to conform the new SEF interface.
Move archtypes.h to include/ dir, since several servers require it. Move
fpu.h and stackframe.h to arch-specific header directory. Make source
files and makefiles aware of the new header locations.
-Convert the include directory over to using bsdmake
syntax
-Update/add mkfiles
-Modify install(1) so that it can create symlinks
-Update makefiles to use new install(1) options
-Rename /usr/include/ibm to /usr/include/i386
-Create /usr/include/machine symlink to arch header files
-Move vm_i386.h to its new home in the /usr/include/i386
-Update source files to #include the header files at their
new homes.
-Add new gnu-includes target for building GCC headers
- put asmconv in /usr/bin so it can be invoked without absolute path
- make it ignore .end in gnu output mode so that it can be invoked
without '|| true' in the gnu lib makefiles and it doesn't produce the
messy error message
- PM: get rid of umap warning
- sprofalyze.pl: update with recently added servers and drivers
- sprofalyze.pl: properly truncate process names for sample matching
ow that the image has grown beyond the 1.44M that fits on a floppy.
(previously, the floppy emulation mode was used for cd's.)
the boot cd now uses 'no emulation mode,' where an image is provided on
the cd that is loaded and executed directly. this is the boot monitor.
in order to make this work (the entry point is the same as where the
image is loaded, and the boot monitor needs its a.out header too) and
keep compatability with the same code being used for regular booting, i
prepended 16 bytes that jumps over its header so execution can start
there.
to be able to read the CD (mostly in order to read the boot image),
boot has to use the already present 'extended read' call, but address
the CD using 2k sectors.
- allow mounting with "none" block device
- allow unmounting by mountpoint
- make VFS aware of file system process labels
- allow m3_ca1 to use the full available message size
- use *printf in u/mount(1), as mount(2) uses it already
- fix reference leaks for some mount error cases in VFS
- clean up kernel section of minix/com.h somewhat
- remove ALLOCMEM and VM_ALLOCMEM calls
- remove non-safecopy and minix-vmd support from Inet
- remove SYS_VIRVCOPY and SYS_PHYSVCOPY calls
- remove obsolete segment encoding in SYS_SAFECOPY*
- remove DEVCTL call, svrctl(FSDEVUNMAP), map_driverX
- remove declarations of unimplemented svrctl requests
- remove everything related to swapping to disk
- remove floppysetup.sh
- remove traces of rescue device
- update DESCRIBE.sh with new devices
- some other small changes
- allow core file offsets with high bit set
- repair and enable gcc-compiled binary support
- fix bug leading to random command execution
- remove obsolete ptrace.2 manpage
- MFS, df(1), fsck(1), badblocks(8), de(1x) now compute the
superblock's s_firstdatazone value if the on-disk value is zero
- mkfs(1) sets s_firstdatazone in the superblock to zero if the
on-disk field is too small to store the actual value
- more agressive mkfs(1) inode number heuristic, copied from r5261
- Revise VFS-FS protocol and update VFS/MFS/ISOFS accordingly.
- Clean up MFS by removing old, dead code (backwards compatibility is broken by
the new VFS-FS protocol, anyway) and rewrite other parts. Also, make sure all
functions have proper banners and prototypes.
- VFS should always provide a (syntactically) valid path to the FS; no need for
the FS to do sanity checks when leaving/entering mount points.
- Fix several bugs in MFS:
- Several path lookup bugs in MFS.
- A link can be too big for the path buffer.
- A mountpoint can become inaccessible when the creation of a new inode
fails, because the inode already exists and is a mountpoint.
- Introduce support for supplemental groups.
- Add test 46 to test supplemental group functionality (and removed obsolete
suppl. tests from test 2).
- Clean up VFS (not everything is done yet).
- ISOFS now opens device read-only. This makes the -r flag in the mount command
unnecessary (but will still report to be mounted read-write).
- Introduce PipeFS. PipeFS is a new FS that handles all anonymous and
named pipes. However, named pipes still reside on the (M)FS, as they are part
of the file system on disk. To make this work VFS now has a concept of
'mapped' inodes, which causes read, write, truncate and stat requests to be
redirected to the mapped FS, and all other requests to the original FS.
/etc CHANGES:
- /etc/drivers.conf has been renamed to /etc/system.conf. Every entry in
the file is now marked as "service" rather than driver.
- user "service" has been added to password file /etc/passwd.
- docs/UPDATING updated accordingly, as well as every other mention to the old
drivers.conf in the system.
RS CHANGES:
- No more distinction between servers and drivers.
- RS_START has been renamed to RS_UP and the old legacy RS_UP and RS_UP_COPY
dropped.
- RS asks PCI to set / remove ACL entries only for services whose ACL properties
have been set. This change eliminates unnecessary warnings.
- Temporarily minimize the risk of potential races at boot time or when starting
a new service. Upcoming changes will eliminate races completely.
- General cleanup.
KERNEL CHANGES:
- The kernel only knows about privileges of kernel tasks and the root system
process (now RS).
- Kernel tasks and the root system process are the only processes that are made
schedulable by the kernel at startup. All the other processes in the boot image
don't get their privileges set at startup and are inhibited from running by the
RTS_NO_PRIV flag.
- Removed the assumption on the ordering of processes in the boot image table.
System processes can now appear in any order in the boot image table.
- Privilege ids can now be assigned both statically or dynamically. The kernel
assigns static privilege ids to kernel tasks and the root system process. Each
id is directly derived from the process number.
- User processes now all share the static privilege id of the root user
process (now INIT).
- sys_privctl split: we have more calls now to let RS set privileges for system
processes. SYS_PRIV_ALLOW / SYS_PRIV_DISALLOW are only used to flip the
RTS_NO_PRIV flag and allow / disallow a process from running. SYS_PRIV_SET_SYS /
SYS_PRIV_SET_USER are used to set privileges for a system / user process.
- boot image table flags split: PROC_FULLVM is the only flag that has been
moved out of the privilege flags and is still maintained in the boot image
table. All the other privilege flags are out of the kernel now.
RS CHANGES:
- RS is the only user-space process who gets to run right after in-kernel
startup.
- RS uses the boot image table from the kernel and three additional boot image
info table (priv table, sys table, dev table) to complete the initialization
of the system.
- RS checks that the entries in the priv table match the entries in the boot
image table to make sure that every process in the boot image gets schedulable.
- RS only uses static privilege ids to set privileges for system services in
the boot image.
- RS includes basic memory management support to allocate the boot image buffer
dynamically during initialization. The buffer shall contain the executable
image of all the system services we would like to restart after a crash.
- First step towards decoupling between resource provisioning and resource
requirements in RS: RS must know what resources it needs to restart a process
and what resources it has currently available. This is useful to tradeoff
reliability and resource consumption. When required resources are missing, the
process cannot be restarted. In that case, in the future, a system flag will
tell RS what to do. For example, if CORE_PROC is set, RS should trigger a
system-wide panic because the system can no longer function correctly without
a core system process.
PM CHANGES:
- The process tree built at initialization time is changed to have INIT as root
with pid 0, RS child of INIT and all the system services children of RS. This
is required to make RS in control of all the system services.
- PM no longer registers labels for system services in the boot image. This is
now part of RS's initialization process.
- an asmconv based tool for conversion from GNU ia32 assembly to ACK assembly
- in contrast to asmconv it is a one way tool only
- as the GNU assembly in Minix does not prefix global C symbols with _ gas2ack
detects such symbols and prefixes them to be compliant with the ACK convention
- gas2ack preserves comments and unexpanded macros
- bunch of fixes to the asmconv GNU->ACK direction
- support of more instructions that ACK does not know but are in use in Minix
- it is meant as a temporary solution as long as ACK will be a supported
compiler for the core system
- MFS and mkfs(1) now perform extra sanity checks
- fsck(1) can now deal with inode tables extending beyond the file
system's first 4GB
- badblocks(8) no longer writes out the superblock for no reason
- mkfs(1) no longer crashes when given no parameters
- more(1) no longer crashes when standard output is redirected
