diff --git a/include/minix/priv.h b/include/minix/priv.h
index 07fe1a5e8..03c0665c8 100644
--- a/include/minix/priv.h
+++ b/include/minix/priv.h
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@
  */
 #define NULL_PRIV_ID	(-1)
 
+/* Allowed targets. */
+#define NO_M      (-1)              /* no targets allowed */
+#define ALL_M     (-2)              /* all targets allowed */
+
 /* Allowed calls. */
 #define NO_C      (-1)              /* no calls allowed */
 #define ALL_C     (-2)              /* all calls allowed */
@@ -53,10 +57,10 @@
 #define USR_T     (1 << SENDREC)                   /* user processes */
 
 /* allowed targets */
-#define TSK_M     0                                /* all kernel tasks */
-#define SRV_M     (~0)                             /* system services */
-#define DSRV_M    (~0)                             /* dynamic system services */
-#define USR_M     (~0)                             /* user processes */
+#define TSK_M     NO_M                             /* all kernel tasks */
+#define SRV_M     ALL_M                            /* system services */
+#define DSRV_M    ALL_M                            /* dynamic system services */
+#define USR_M     ALL_M                            /* user processes */
 
 /* allowed kernel calls */
 #define TSK_KC    NO_C                             /* all kernel tasks */
diff --git a/kernel/const.h b/kernel/const.h
index 55ddc2743..f5b7edbcb 100644
--- a/kernel/const.h
+++ b/kernel/const.h
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 #define _DST_	1
 
 #define get_sys_bit(map,bit) \
-	( MAP_CHUNK(map.chunk,bit) & (1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
+	( MAP_CHUNK((map).chunk,bit) & (1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
 #define get_sys_bits(map,bit) \
-	( MAP_CHUNK(map.chunk,bit) )
+	( MAP_CHUNK((map).chunk,bit) )
 #define set_sys_bit(map,bit) \
-	( MAP_CHUNK(map.chunk,bit) |= (1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
+	( MAP_CHUNK((map).chunk,bit) |= (1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
 #define unset_sys_bit(map,bit) \
-	( MAP_CHUNK(map.chunk,bit) &= ~(1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
+	( MAP_CHUNK((map).chunk,bit) &= ~(1 << CHUNK_OFFSET(bit) ))
 
 /* args to intr_init() */
 #define INTS_ORIG	0	/* restore interrupts */
diff --git a/kernel/main.c b/kernel/main.c
index 108ef99eb..7a3770b2b 100644
--- a/kernel/main.c
+++ b/kernel/main.c
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ PUBLIC int main(void)
 	int schedulable_proc;
 	proc_nr_t proc_nr;
 	int ipc_to_m, kcalls;
+	sys_map_t map;
 
 	ip = &image[i];				/* process' attributes */
 	DEBUGEXTRA(("initializing %s... ", ip->proc_name));
@@ -205,7 +206,14 @@ PUBLIC int main(void)
             }
 
             /* Fill in target mask. */
-            fill_sendto_mask(rp, ipc_to_m);
+            memset(&map, 0, sizeof(map));
+
+            if (ipc_to_m == ALL_M) {
+                for(j = 0; j < NR_SYS_PROCS; j++)
+                    set_sys_bit(map, j);
+            }
+
+            fill_sendto_mask(rp, &map);
 
             /* Fill in kernel call mask. */
             for(j = 0; j < SYS_CALL_MASK_SIZE; j++) {
diff --git a/kernel/proto.h b/kernel/proto.h
index 0a628ab04..844467d90 100644
--- a/kernel/proto.h
+++ b/kernel/proto.h
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ _PROTOTYPE( char *env_get, (const char *key));
 _PROTOTYPE( int get_priv, (register struct proc *rc, int proc_type)	);
 _PROTOTYPE( void set_sendto_bit, (const struct proc *rc, int id)	);
 _PROTOTYPE( void unset_sendto_bit, (const struct proc *rc, int id)	);
-_PROTOTYPE( void fill_sendto_mask, (const struct proc *rc, int mask)	);
+_PROTOTYPE( void fill_sendto_mask, (const struct proc *rc,
+							sys_map_t *map)	);
 _PROTOTYPE( void send_sig, (endpoint_t proc_nr, int sig_nr)		);
 _PROTOTYPE( void cause_sig, (proc_nr_t proc_nr, int sig_nr)			);
 _PROTOTYPE( void sig_delay_done, (struct proc *rp)			);
diff --git a/kernel/system.c b/kernel/system.c
index 434abf1b6..e5e370875 100644
--- a/kernel/system.c
+++ b/kernel/system.c
@@ -339,12 +339,12 @@ PUBLIC void unset_sendto_bit(const struct proc *rp, int id)
 /*===========================================================================*
  *			      fill_sendto_mask				     *
  *===========================================================================*/
-PUBLIC void fill_sendto_mask(const struct proc *rp, int mask)
+PUBLIC void fill_sendto_mask(const struct proc *rp, sys_map_t *map)
 {
   int i;
 
   for (i=0; i < NR_SYS_PROCS; i++) {
-  	if (mask & (1 << i))
+  	if (get_sys_bit(*map, i))
   		set_sendto_bit(rp, i);
   	else
   		unset_sendto_bit(rp, i);
diff --git a/kernel/system/do_privctl.c b/kernel/system/do_privctl.c
index 485b21eab..d8703063e 100644
--- a/kernel/system/do_privctl.c
+++ b/kernel/system/do_privctl.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ PUBLIC int do_privctl(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
   struct proc *rp;
   proc_nr_t proc_nr;
   sys_id_t priv_id;
+  sys_map_t map;
   int ipc_to_m, kcalls;
   int i, r;
   struct io_range io_range;
@@ -119,8 +120,13 @@ PUBLIC int do_privctl(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
 	/* Set defaults for privilege bitmaps. */
 	priv(rp)->s_flags= DSRV_F;           /* privilege flags */
 	priv(rp)->s_trap_mask= DSRV_T;       /* allowed traps */
+	memset(&map, 0, sizeof(map));
 	ipc_to_m = DSRV_M;                   /* allowed targets */
-	fill_sendto_mask(rp, ipc_to_m);
+	if (ipc_to_m == ALL_M) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NR_SYS_PROCS; i++)
+			set_sys_bit(map, i);
+	}
+	fill_sendto_mask(rp, &map);
 	kcalls = DSRV_KC;                    /* allowed kernel calls */
 	for(i = 0; i < SYS_CALL_MASK_SIZE; i++) {
 		priv(rp)->s_k_call_mask[i] = (kcalls == NO_C ? 0 : (~0));
@@ -294,7 +300,7 @@ PRIVATE int update_priv(struct proc *rp, struct priv *priv)
 {
 /* Update the privilege structure of a given process. */
 
-  int ipc_to_m, i;
+  int i;
 
   /* Copy s_flags and signal managers. */
   priv(rp)->s_flags = priv->s_flags;
@@ -362,8 +368,7 @@ PRIVATE int update_priv(struct proc *rp, struct priv *priv)
   printf("\n");
 #endif
 
-  memcpy(&ipc_to_m, &priv->s_ipc_to, sizeof(ipc_to_m));
-  fill_sendto_mask(rp, ipc_to_m);
+  fill_sendto_mask(rp, &priv->s_ipc_to);
 
 #if PRIV_DEBUG
   printf("do_privctl: Set ipc target mask for %d:");
diff --git a/servers/rs/main.c b/servers/rs/main.c
index 21bdedf83..607063076 100644
--- a/servers/rs/main.c
+++ b/servers/rs/main.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ PRIVATE int sef_cb_init_fresh(int type, sef_init_info_t *info)
 {
 /* Initialize the reincarnation server. */
   struct boot_image *ip;
-  int s,i,j;
+  int s,i;
   int nr_image_srvs, nr_image_priv_srvs, nr_uncaught_init_srvs;
   struct rproc *rp;
   struct rproc *replica_rp;
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ PRIVATE int sef_cb_init_fresh(int type, sef_init_info_t *info)
       rp->r_priv.s_flags = boot_image_priv->flags;          /* priv flags */
       rp->r_priv.s_trap_mask= SRV_OR_USR(rp, SRV_T, USR_T); /* traps */
       ipc_to = SRV_OR_USR(rp, SRV_M, USR_M);                /* targets */
-      memcpy(&rp->r_priv.s_ipc_to, &ipc_to, sizeof(rp->r_priv.s_ipc_to));
+      fill_send_mask(&rp->r_priv.s_ipc_to, ipc_to == ALL_M);
       rp->r_priv.s_sig_mgr= SRV_OR_USR(rp, SRV_SM, USR_SM); /* sig mgr */
       rp->r_priv.s_bak_sig_mgr = NONE;                      /* backup sig mgr */
       
diff --git a/servers/rs/manager.c b/servers/rs/manager.c
index 9dfe41476..2419de384 100644
--- a/servers/rs/manager.c
+++ b/servers/rs/manager.c
@@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ struct priv *privp;
 	int is_ipc_all, is_ipc_all_sys;
 
 	/* Clear s_ipc_to */
-	memset(&privp->s_ipc_to, '\0', sizeof(privp->s_ipc_to));
+	fill_send_mask(&privp->s_ipc_to, FALSE);
 
 	is_ipc_all = !strcmp(rp->r_ipc_list, RSS_IPC_ALL);
 	is_ipc_all_sys = !strcmp(rp->r_ipc_list, RSS_IPC_ALL_SYS);
diff --git a/servers/rs/proto.h b/servers/rs/proto.h
index ccadb4724..0dc45b56a 100644
--- a/servers/rs/proto.h
+++ b/servers/rs/proto.h
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ _PROTOTYPE( void end_update, (int result, int reply_flag) );
 
 /* utility.c */
 _PROTOTYPE( int init_service, (struct rproc *rp, int type));
+_PROTOTYPE( void fill_send_mask, (sys_map_t *send_mask, int set_bits));
 _PROTOTYPE(void fill_call_mask, ( int *calls, int tot_nr_calls,
 	bitchunk_t *call_mask, int call_base, int is_init));
 _PROTOTYPE( char* srv_to_string, (struct rproc *rp));
diff --git a/servers/rs/utility.c b/servers/rs/utility.c
index c32ecbd22..eba9ae3ba 100644
--- a/servers/rs/utility.c
+++ b/servers/rs/utility.c
@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@ int type;					/* type of initialization */
   return r;
 }
 
+/*===========================================================================*
+ *			      fill_send_mask                                 *
+ *===========================================================================*/
+PUBLIC void fill_send_mask(send_mask, set_bits)
+sys_map_t *send_mask;		/* the send mask to fill in */
+int set_bits;			/* TRUE sets all bits, FALSE clears all bits */
+{
+/* Fill in a send mask. */
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < NR_SYS_PROCS; i++) {
+	if (set_bits)
+		set_sys_bit(*send_mask, i);
+	else
+		unset_sys_bit(*send_mask, i);
+  }
+}
+
 /*===========================================================================*
  *			      fill_call_mask                                 *
  *===========================================================================*/