diff --git a/drivers/ahci/ahci.c b/drivers/ahci/ahci.c
index 06d2e52cc..b5ef43010 100644
--- a/drivers/ahci/ahci.c
+++ b/drivers/ahci/ahci.c
@@ -2563,7 +2563,7 @@ static int ahci_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 
 	case DIOCOPENCT:
 		return sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) &ps->open_count, sizeof(ps->open_count), D);
+			(vir_bytes) &ps->open_count, sizeof(ps->open_count));
 
 	case DIOCFLUSH:
 		if (ps->state != STATE_GOOD_DEV || (ps->flags & FLAG_BARRIER))
@@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ static int ahci_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 			return EIO;
 
 		if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &val,
-			sizeof(val), D)) != OK)
+			sizeof(val))) != OK)
 			return r;
 
 		return gen_set_wcache(ps, val);
@@ -2589,7 +2589,7 @@ static int ahci_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 			return r;
 
 		return sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &val,
-			sizeof(val), D);
+			sizeof(val));
 	}
 
 	return EINVAL;
diff --git a/drivers/at_wini/at_wini.c b/drivers/at_wini/at_wini.c
index ff9917ffb..312d6a6f8 100644
--- a/drivers/at_wini/at_wini.c
+++ b/drivers/at_wini/at_wini.c
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ static int w_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 	switch (request) {
 	case DIOCTIMEOUT:
 		r= sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)&timeout,
-			sizeof(timeout), D);
+			sizeof(timeout));
 
 		if(r != OK)
 		    return r;
@@ -2244,7 +2244,7 @@ static int w_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 			}
 	
 			r= sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)&prev,
-				sizeof(prev), D);
+				sizeof(prev));
 
 			if(r != OK)
 				return r;
@@ -2256,7 +2256,7 @@ static int w_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 		if (w_prepare(minor) == NULL) return ENXIO;
 		count = w_wn->open_ct;
 		r= sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)&count,
-			sizeof(count), D);
+			sizeof(count));
 
 		if(r != OK)
 			return r;
diff --git a/drivers/atl2/atl2.c b/drivers/atl2/atl2.c
index c06da5c9b..157121bdc 100644
--- a/drivers/atl2/atl2.c
+++ b/drivers/atl2/atl2.c
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ static void atl2_readv(const message *m, int from_int)
 		batch = MIN(m->DL_COUNT - i, NR_IOREQS);
 
 		r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, m->DL_GRANT, off, 
-			(vir_bytes) iovec, batch * sizeof(iovec[0]), D);
+			(vir_bytes) iovec, batch * sizeof(iovec[0]));
 		if (r != OK)
 			panic("vector copy failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ static void atl2_readv(const message *m, int from_int)
 			size = MIN(iovp->iov_size, left);
 
 			r = sys_safecopyto(m->m_source, iovp->iov_grant, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) pos, size, D);
+				(vir_bytes) pos, size);
 			if (r != OK)
 				panic("safe copy failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ static void atl2_writev(const message *m, int from_int)
 		batch = MIN(m->DL_COUNT - i, NR_IOREQS);
 
 		r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, m->DL_GRANT, off, 
-			(vir_bytes) iovec, batch * sizeof(iovec[0]), D);
+			(vir_bytes) iovec, batch * sizeof(iovec[0]));
 		if (r != OK)
 			panic("vector copy failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ static void atl2_writev(const message *m, int from_int)
 				r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source,
 					iovp->iov_grant, 0,
 					(vir_bytes) (state.txd_base + pos),
-					skip, D);
+					skip);
 				if (r != OK)
 					panic("safe copy failed: %d", r);
 				pos = 0;
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ static void atl2_writev(const message *m, int from_int)
 
 			r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, iovp->iov_grant,
 				skip, (vir_bytes) (state.txd_base + pos),
-				size - skip, D);
+				size - skip);
 			if (r != OK)
 				panic("safe copy failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ static void atl2_getstat(message *m)
 	int r;
 
 	sys_safecopyto(m->m_source, m->DL_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &state.stat, sizeof(state.stat), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &state.stat, sizeof(state.stat));
 
 	m->m_type = DL_STAT_REPLY;
 
diff --git a/drivers/dec21140A/dec21140A.c b/drivers/dec21140A/dec21140A.c
index 665752fd3..608b1742c 100644
--- a/drivers/dec21140A/dec21140A.c
+++ b/drivers/dec21140A/dec21140A.c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ static void do_get_stat_s(message * mp)
 
   if ((rc = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0UL,
 			(vir_bytes)&dep->de_stat,
-			sizeof(dep->de_stat), 0)) != OK)
+			sizeof(dep->de_stat))) != OK)
         panic(str_CopyErrMsg, rc);
 
   mp->m_type = DL_STAT_REPLY;
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ static void do_vread_s(const message * mp, int from_int)
 	bytes = size;
 
       r= sys_safecopyto(iovp->iod_proc_nr, iovp->iod_iovec[ix].iov_grant, 0,
-			(vir_bytes)buffer, bytes, D);
+			(vir_bytes)buffer, bytes);
       if (r != OK)
 	panic(str_CopyErrMsg, r);
       buffer += bytes;
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ static void de_get_userdata_s(int user_proc, cp_grant_id_t grant,
   vir_bytes len;
 
   len = (count > IOVEC_NR ? IOVEC_NR : count) * sizeof(iovec_t);
-  rc = sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)loc_addr, len, D);
+  rc = sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)loc_addr, len);
   if (rc != OK)
     panic(str_CopyErrMsg, rc);
   return;
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ static void do_vwrite_s(const message * mp, int from_int){
 	bytes = size;		
 
       r= sys_safecopyfrom(iovp->iod_proc_nr, iovp->iod_iovec[ix].iov_grant,
-			  0, (vir_bytes)buffer, bytes, D);
+			  0, (vir_bytes)buffer, bytes);
       if (r != OK)
 	panic(str_CopyErrMsg, r);
       buffer += bytes;
diff --git a/drivers/dp8390/dp8390.c b/drivers/dp8390/dp8390.c
index 80c971bce..6b9c4d8aa 100644
--- a/drivers/dp8390/dp8390.c
+++ b/drivers/dp8390/dp8390.c
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 
 		r= sys_safecopyfrom(iovp->iod_proc_nr,
 			iovp->iod_iovec[i].iov_grant, offset,
-			vir_hw, bytes, D);
+			vir_hw, bytes);
 		if (r != OK) {
 			panic("dp_user2nic_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 		}
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 		if (odd_byte)
 		{
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, gid, offset, 
-				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[1], 1, D);
+				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[1], 1);
 			if (r != OK) { 
 				panic("dp_pio16_user2nic: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 			}
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 		{
 			assert(bytes == 1);
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, gid, offset,
-				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[0], 1, D);
+				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[0], 1);
 			if (r != OK) {
 				panic("dp_pio16_user2nic: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 			}
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 
 		r= sys_safecopyto(iovp->iod_proc_nr,
 			iovp->iod_iovec[i].iov_grant, offset,
-			vir_hw, bytes, D);
+			vir_hw, bytes);
 		if (r != OK)
 			panic("dp_nic2user_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 		if (odd_byte)
 		{
 			r= sys_safecopyto(user_proc, gid, offset,
-				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[1], 1, D);
+				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[1], 1);
 			if (r != OK) {
 				panic("dp_pio16_nic2user: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 			}
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
 			assert(bytes == 1);
 			*(u16_t *)two_bytes= inw(dep->de_data_port);
 			r= sys_safecopyto(user_proc, gid, offset,
-				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[0], 1, D);
+				(vir_bytes)&two_bytes[0], 1);
 			if (r != OK)
 			{
 				panic("dp_pio16_nic2user: sys_safecopyto failed: %d",
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ void *loc_addr;
 	int r;
 
 	r= sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, grant, offset,
-		(vir_bytes)loc_addr, count, D);
+		(vir_bytes)loc_addr, count);
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("get_userdata: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 }
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ void *loc_addr;
 	int r;
 
 	r= sys_safecopyto(user_proc, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)loc_addr, 
-		count, D);
+		count);
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("put_userdata: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/dpeth/dp.c b/drivers/dpeth/dp.c
index 5b3bc0662..240bc0c4b 100644
--- a/drivers/dpeth/dp.c
+++ b/drivers/dpeth/dp.c
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ static void get_userdata_s(int user_proc, cp_grant_id_t grant,
   vir_bytes len;
 
   len = (count > IOVEC_NR ? IOVEC_NR : count) * sizeof(iovec_t);
-  if ((rc = sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)loc_addr, len, D)) != OK)
+  if ((rc = sys_safecopyfrom(user_proc, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)loc_addr, len)) != OK)
 	panic(CopyErrMsg, rc);
   return;
 }
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ static void do_getstat_s(const message * mp)
   if (dep->de_mode == DEM_ENABLED) (*dep->de_getstatsf) (dep);
   if ((rc = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
 			(vir_bytes)&dep->de_stat,
-			(vir_bytes) sizeof(dep->de_stat), 0)) != OK)
+			(vir_bytes) sizeof(dep->de_stat))) != OK)
         panic(CopyErrMsg, rc);
 
   reply_mess.m_type = DL_STAT_REPLY;
diff --git a/drivers/dpeth/netbuff.c b/drivers/dpeth/netbuff.c
index 92d67f1be..e190048d3 100644
--- a/drivers/dpeth/netbuff.c
+++ b/drivers/dpeth/netbuff.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void mem2user(dpeth_t *dep, buff_t *rxbuff)
 
 	/* Reads from Rx buffer to user area */
 	r= sys_safecopyto(iovp->iod_proc_nr, iovp->iod_iovec[ix].iov_grant, 0,
-		(vir_bytes)buffer, bytes, D);
+		(vir_bytes)buffer, bytes);
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("mem2user: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 	buffer += bytes;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void user2mem(dpeth_t *dep, buff_t *txbuff)
 	bytes = iovp->iod_iovec[ix].iov_size;	/* Size of buffer */
 	if (bytes > pktsize) bytes = pktsize;
 	r= sys_safecopyfrom(iovp->iod_proc_nr, iovp->iod_iovec[ix].iov_grant,
-		0, (vir_bytes)buffer, bytes, D);
+		0, (vir_bytes)buffer, bytes);
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("user2mem: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 	buffer += bytes;
diff --git a/drivers/e1000/e1000.c b/drivers/e1000/e1000.c
index 2220840bb..e0fe93db9 100644
--- a/drivers/e1000/e1000.c
+++ b/drivers/e1000/e1000.c
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ int from_int;
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(e->tx_message.m_source,
 				  e->tx_message.DL_GRANT, 0,
 				  (vir_bytes) iovec, e->tx_message.DL_COUNT *
-				  sizeof(iovec_s_t), D)) != OK)
+				  sizeof(iovec_s_t))) != OK)
 	{
 	    panic("sys_safecopyfrom() failed: %d", r);
 	}
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ int from_int;
 				     iovec[i].iov_grant, 0,
 				     (vir_bytes) e->tx_buffer +
 				     (tail * E1000_IOBUF_SIZE),
-				      size, D)) != OK)
+				      size)) != OK)
 	    {
 		panic("sys_safecopyfrom() failed: %d", r);
 	    }
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ int from_int;
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(e->rx_message.m_source,
 				  e->rx_message.DL_GRANT, 0,
 				  (vir_bytes) iovec, e->rx_message.DL_COUNT *
-				  sizeof(iovec_s_t), D)) != OK)
+				  sizeof(iovec_s_t))) != OK)
 	{
 	    panic("sys_safecopyfrom() failed: %d", r);
 	}
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ int from_int;
 	    if ((r = sys_safecopyto(e->rx_message.m_source, iovec[i].iov_grant,
 				   0, (vir_bytes) e->rx_buffer + bytes + 
 				   (cur * E1000_IOBUF_SIZE),
-				    size, D)) != OK)
+				    size)) != OK)
 	    {
 		panic("sys_safecopyto() failed: %d", r);
 	    }
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ message *mp;
     stats.ets_OWC = 0;
 
     sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes)&stats,
-                   sizeof(stats), D);
+                   sizeof(stats));
     mp->m_type  = DL_STAT_REPLY;
     if((r=send(mp->m_source, mp)) != OK)
 	panic("e1000_getstat: send() failed: %d", r);
diff --git a/drivers/fbd/rule.c b/drivers/fbd/rule.c
index 10a174dcc..81ebc6620 100644
--- a/drivers/fbd/rule.c
+++ b/drivers/fbd/rule.c
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ int rule_ctl(int request, endpoint_t endpt, cp_grant_id_t grant)
 
 		/* Copy in the rule. */
 		if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) &rules[i-1], sizeof(rules[0]),
-				D)) != OK)
+				(vir_bytes) &rules[i-1], sizeof(rules[0]))) != OK)
 			return r;
 
 		/* Mark the rule as active, and return its number. */
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ int rule_ctl(int request, endpoint_t endpt, cp_grant_id_t grant)
 	case FBDCDELRULE:
 		/* Copy in the given rule number. */
 		if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &i,
-				sizeof(i), D)) != OK)
+				sizeof(i))) != OK)
 			return r;
 
 		/* Fail if the given rule number is not valid or in use.
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ int rule_ctl(int request, endpoint_t endpt, cp_grant_id_t grant)
 		/* Copy in just the rule number from the given structure. */
 		if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant,
 				offsetof(struct fbd_rule, num), (vir_bytes) &i,
-				sizeof(i), D)) != OK)
+				sizeof(i))) != OK)
 			return r;
 
 		/* Fail if the given rule number is not valid or in use.
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ int rule_ctl(int request, endpoint_t endpt, cp_grant_id_t grant)
 
 		/* Copy out the entire rule as is. */
 		return sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &rules[i-1],
-				sizeof(rules[0]), D);
+				sizeof(rules[0]));
 
 	default:
 		return EINVAL;
diff --git a/drivers/filter/main.c b/drivers/filter/main.c
index 81db0f507..d2c966cd8 100644
--- a/drivers/filter/main.c
+++ b/drivers/filter/main.c
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ static int carry(size_t size, int flag_rw)
 
 	if (flag_rw == FLT_WRITE)
 		return sys_safecopyfrom(who_e, grant_id, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) buffer, size, D);
+			(vir_bytes) buffer, size);
 	else
 		return sys_safecopyto(who_e, grant_id, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) buffer, size, D);
+			(vir_bytes) buffer, size);
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ static int vcarry(int grants, iovec_t *iov, int flag_rw, size_t size)
 		if (flag_rw == FLT_WRITE)
 			r = sys_safecopyfrom(who_e,
 				(vir_bytes) iov[i].iov_addr, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) bufp, bytes, D);
+				(vir_bytes) bufp, bytes);
 		else
 			r = sys_safecopyto(who_e,
 				(vir_bytes) iov[i].iov_addr, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) bufp, bytes, D);
+				(vir_bytes) bufp, bytes);
 
 		if(r != OK)
 			return r;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ static int do_vrdwt(int flag_rw)
 	/* Extract informations. */
 	grants = m_in.BDEV_COUNT;
 	if((r = sys_safecopyfrom(who_e, grant_id, 0, (vir_bytes) iov_proc,
-		grants * sizeof(iovec_t), D)) != OK) {
+		grants * sizeof(iovec_t))) != OK) {
 		panic("copying in grant vector failed: %d", r);
 	}
 
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ static int do_ioctl(message *m)
 
 		if(sys_safecopyto(who_e, (vir_bytes) grant_id, 0,
 				(vir_bytes) &sizepart,
-				sizeof(struct partition), D) != OK) {
+				sizeof(struct partition)) != OK) {
 			printf("Filter: DIOCGETP safecopyto failed\n");
 			return EIO;
 		}
diff --git a/drivers/floppy/floppy.c b/drivers/floppy/floppy.c
index e0f9bd64e..51572e55d 100644
--- a/drivers/floppy/floppy.c
+++ b/drivers/floppy/floppy.c
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ static ssize_t f_transfer(
 		if(proc_nr != SELF) {
 		   s=sys_safecopyfrom(proc_nr, iov->iov_addr,
 			SECTOR_SIZE + iov_offset, (vir_bytes) &fmt_param,
-			(phys_bytes) sizeof(fmt_param), D);
+			(phys_bytes) sizeof(fmt_param));
 		   if(s != OK)
 			panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", s);
 		} else {
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ static ssize_t f_transfer(
 				if(proc_nr != SELF) {
 				   s=sys_safecopyfrom(proc_nr, *ug, *up,
 					(vir_bytes) floppy_buf,
-					 (phys_bytes) SECTOR_SIZE, D);
+					 (phys_bytes) SECTOR_SIZE);
 				   if(s != OK)
 					panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", s);
 				} else {
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ static ssize_t f_transfer(
 			if(proc_nr != SELF) {
 		   	   s=sys_safecopyto(proc_nr, *ug, *up,
 				(vir_bytes) floppy_buf,
-			  	 (phys_bytes) SECTOR_SIZE, D);
+			  	 (phys_bytes) SECTOR_SIZE);
 			if(s != OK)
 				panic("sys_safecopyto failed: %d", s);
 			} else {
diff --git a/drivers/fxp/fxp.c b/drivers/fxp/fxp.c
index 90cff2645..20030c013 100644
--- a/drivers/fxp/fxp.c
+++ b/drivers/fxp/fxp.c
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ static void fxp_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 			n= count-i;
 		r= sys_safecopyfrom(iov_endpt, iov_grant, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes)fp->fxp_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(fp->fxp_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(fp->fxp_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (r != OK)
 			panic("fxp_writev: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ static void fxp_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 			}
 
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(iov_endpt, iovp->iov_grant,
-				0, (vir_bytes)(txp->tx_buf+o), s, D);
+				0, (vir_bytes)(txp->tx_buf+o), s);
 			if (r != OK) {
 				panic("fxp_writev_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 			}
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ int from_int;
 			n= count-i;
 		r= sys_safecopyfrom(iov_endpt, iov_grant, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes)fp->fxp_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(fp->fxp_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(fp->fxp_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (r != OK)
 			panic("fxp_readv_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ int from_int;
 			}
 
 			r= sys_safecopyto(iov_endpt, iovp->iov_grant,
-				0, (vir_bytes)(rfdp->rfd_buf+o), s, D);
+				0, (vir_bytes)(rfdp->rfd_buf+o), s);
 			if (r != OK)
 			{
 				panic("fxp_readv: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ static void fxp_getstat_s(message *mp)
 	stats.ets_OWC= fp->fxp_stat.sc_tx_latecol;
 
 	r= sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes)&stats,
-		sizeof(stats), D);
+		sizeof(stats));
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("fxp_getstat_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 
diff --git a/drivers/hello/hello.c b/drivers/hello/hello.c
index 35700eacb..0dd6a27e4 100644
--- a/drivers/hello/hello.c
+++ b/drivers/hello/hello.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ static int hello_transfer(endpoint_t endpt, int opcode, u64_t position,
         case DEV_GATHER_S:
             ret = sys_safecopyto(endpt, (cp_grant_id_t) iov->iov_addr, 0,
                                 (vir_bytes) (HELLO_MESSAGE + ex64lo(position)),
-                                 bytes, D);
+                                 bytes);
             iov->iov_size -= bytes;
             break;
 
diff --git a/drivers/lance/lance.c b/drivers/lance/lance.c
index b0531bf91..fc64b0650 100644
--- a/drivers/lance/lance.c
+++ b/drivers/lance/lance.c
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ static void do_vread_s(const message *mp)
    r = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
                         (vir_bytes)ec->read_iovec.iod_iovec,
                         (count > IOVEC_NR ? IOVEC_NR : count) *
-                        sizeof(iovec_s_t), D);
+                        sizeof(iovec_s_t));
    if (r != OK)
 	panic("do_vread_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
    ec->read_iovec.iod_iovec_s    = count;
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ int from_int;
    r = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
                         (vir_bytes)ec->write_iovec.iod_iovec,
                         (count > IOVEC_NR ? IOVEC_NR : count) *
-                        sizeof(iovec_s_t), D);
+                        sizeof(iovec_s_t));
    if (r != OK)
 	panic("do_vwrite_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
    ec->write_iovec.iod_iovec_s    = count;
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
       
       if ( (r=sys_safecopyfrom(iovp->iod_proc_nr,
                                iovp->iod_iovec[i].iov_grant, offset,
-                               nic_addr, bytes, D )) != OK )
+                               nic_addr, bytes )) != OK )
          panic("ec_user2nic: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 
       count -= bytes;
@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ vir_bytes count;
       if (bytes > count)
          bytes = count;
       if ( (r=sys_safecopyto( iovp->iod_proc_nr, iovp->iod_iovec[i].iov_grant,
-                              offset, nic_addr, bytes, D )) != OK )
+                              offset, nic_addr, bytes )) != OK )
          panic("ec_nic2user: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
       
       count -= bytes;
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ iovec_dat_t *iovp;
                         (vir_bytes)iovp->iod_iovec,
                         (iovp->iod_iovec_s > IOVEC_NR ?
                          IOVEC_NR : iovp->iod_iovec_s) *
-                        sizeof(iovec_s_t), D);
+                        sizeof(iovec_s_t));
    if (r != OK)
 	panic("ec_next_iovec: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 }
@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ message *mp;
    ec= &ec_state;
 
    r = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
-                      (vir_bytes)&ec->eth_stat, sizeof(ec->eth_stat), D);
+                      (vir_bytes)&ec->eth_stat, sizeof(ec->eth_stat));
 
    if (r != OK)
 	panic("do_getstat_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
diff --git a/drivers/log/log.c b/drivers/log/log.c
index 3dbc887b5..44f2d55cf 100644
--- a/drivers/log/log.c
+++ b/drivers/log/log.c
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ subwrite(struct logdevice *log, int count, endpoint_t endpt,
 	}
 	else {
 		if((r=sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, offset,
-			(vir_bytes)buf, count, D)) != OK)
+			(vir_bytes)buf, count)) != OK)
 			return r;
 	}
 
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ subread(struct logdevice *log, int count, endpoint_t endpt,
 
     	buf = log->log_buffer + log->log_read;
 	if((r=sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, offset,
-		(vir_bytes)buf, count, D)) != OK)
+		(vir_bytes)buf, count)) != OK)
 		return r;
 
   	LOGINC(log->log_read, count);
diff --git a/drivers/memory/memory.c b/drivers/memory/memory.c
index 5daa46ab4..ff76595ed 100644
--- a/drivers/memory/memory.c
+++ b/drivers/memory/memory.c
@@ -278,10 +278,10 @@ static int m_transfer(
 	    if (position + count > dv_size) count = dv_size - position;
 	    if (opcode == DEV_GATHER_S) {	/* copy actual data */
 	        r=sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-		  dev_vaddr + position, count, D);
+		  dev_vaddr + position, count);
 	    } else {
 	        r=sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-		  dev_vaddr + position, count, D);
+		  dev_vaddr + position, count);
 	    }
 	    if(r != OK) {
               panic("I/O copy failed: %d", r);
@@ -339,10 +339,10 @@ static int m_transfer(
 
 	    if (opcode == DEV_GATHER_S) {			/* copy data */
 	           s=sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant,
-		       vir_offset, (vir_bytes) vaddr+page_off, subcount, D);
+		       vir_offset, (vir_bytes) vaddr+page_off, subcount);
 	    } else {
 	           s=sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant,
-		       vir_offset, (vir_bytes) vaddr+page_off, subcount, D);
+		       vir_offset, (vir_bytes) vaddr+page_off, subcount);
 	    }
 	    if(s != OK)
 		return s;
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ static int m_transfer(
 		while (left > 0) {
 		    chunk = (left > ZERO_BUF_SIZE) ? ZERO_BUF_SIZE : left;
 	             s=sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant,
-		       vir_offset+suboffset, (vir_bytes) dev_zero, chunk, D);
+		       vir_offset+suboffset, (vir_bytes) dev_zero, chunk);
 		    if(s != OK)
 		        return s;
 		    left -= chunk;
@@ -480,10 +480,10 @@ static int m_block_transfer(
 	if (position + count > dv_size) count = dv_size - position;
 	if (!do_write) {	/* copy actual data */
 	        r=sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-		  dev_vaddr + position, count, D);
+		  dev_vaddr + position, count);
 	} else {
 	        r=sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-		  dev_vaddr + position, count, D);
+		  dev_vaddr + position, count);
 	}
 	if(r != OK) {
 		panic("I/O copy failed: %d", r);
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ static int m_block_ioctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 
   /* Get request structure */
   s= sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes)&ramdev_size,
-	sizeof(ramdev_size), D);
+	sizeof(ramdev_size));
   if (s != OK)
 	return s;
   if(m_vaddrs[minor] && !cmp64(dv->dv_size, cvul64(ramdev_size))) {
diff --git a/drivers/orinoco/orinoco.c b/drivers/orinoco/orinoco.c
index 2df330bf0..06f260c29 100644
--- a/drivers/orinoco/orinoco.c
+++ b/drivers/orinoco/orinoco.c
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ static void or_writev_s (message * mp, int from_int) {
 
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes) orp->or_iovec_s, 
-			n * sizeof(orp->or_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(orp->or_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) 
 			printf("orinoco: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d\n", cps);
 
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ static void or_writev_s (message * mp, int from_int) {
 			}
 
 			cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, iovp->iov_grant,
-					0, (vir_bytes) databuf + o, s, D);
+					0, (vir_bytes) databuf + o, s);
 			if (cps != OK) 
 				printf("orinoco: sys_safecopyfrom failed:%d\n",
 						cps);
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ static void or_readv_s (message * mp, int from_int)
 
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset, 
 				(vir_bytes)orp->or_iovec_s,
-				n * sizeof(orp->or_iovec_s[0]), D);
+				n * sizeof(orp->or_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) 
 			panic("orinoco: warning: sys_safecopytp failed: %d", cps);
 
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ static void or_readv_s (message * mp, int from_int)
 				s = length - size;
 			}
 			cps = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, iovp->iov_grant, 0, 
-					(vir_bytes) databuf + o, s, D);
+					(vir_bytes) databuf + o, s);
 			if (cps != OK) 
 				panic("orinoco: warning: sys_safecopy failed: %d", cps);
 
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ static void or_getstat_s (message * mp) {
 	stats = orp->or_stat;
 
 	r = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0, 
-				(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats), D);
+				(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats));
 	if(r != OK) {
 		panic("or_getstat_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/pci/main.c b/drivers/pci/main.c
index d93ecb965..44fd49a59 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/main.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/main.c
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ message *mp;
 		if (len > name_len)
 			len= name_len;
 		r= sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, name_gid, 0, (vir_bytes)name,
-			len, D);
+			len);
 	}
 
 	mp->m_type= r;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ message *mp;
 		if (len > name_len)
 			len= name_len;
 		r= sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, gid, 0,
-			(vir_bytes)name, len, D);
+			(vir_bytes)name, len);
 	}
 
 	mp->m_type= r;
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ message *mp;
 	gid= mp->m1_i1;
 
 	r= sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, gid, 0, (vir_bytes)&pci_acl[i].acl,
-		sizeof(pci_acl[i].acl), D);
+		sizeof(pci_acl[i].acl));
 	if (r != OK)
 	{
 		printf("PCI: do_set_acl: safecopyfrom failed\n");
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci.c b/drivers/pci/pci.c
index 86a311dad..d753faf36 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci.c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ int sef_cb_init_fresh(int type, sef_init_info_t *info)
 
 	/* Map all the services in the boot image. */
 	if((r = sys_safecopyfrom(RS_PROC_NR, info->rproctab_gid, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub), S)) != OK) {
+		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub))) != OK) {
 		panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 	}
 	for(i=0;i < NR_BOOT_PROCS;i++) {
diff --git a/drivers/printer/printer.c b/drivers/printer/printer.c
index 107cedd22..5ab2a9491 100644
--- a/drivers/printer/printer.c
+++ b/drivers/printer/printer.c
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ static void prepare_output()
   if ( (chunk = user_left) > sizeof obuf) chunk = sizeof obuf;
 
   s=sys_safecopyfrom(caller, grant_nr, user_vir_d, (vir_bytes) obuf,
-	chunk, D);
+	chunk);
 
   if(s != OK) {
   	done_status = EFAULT;
diff --git a/drivers/random/main.c b/drivers/random/main.c
index ff9c8649a..f2a65db8c 100644
--- a/drivers/random/main.c
+++ b/drivers/random/main.c
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static int r_transfer(
  	        if (opcode == DEV_GATHER_S) {
 		    random_getbytes(random_buf, chunk);
 		    r= sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-			(vir_bytes) random_buf, chunk, D);
+			(vir_bytes) random_buf, chunk);
 		    if (r != OK)
 		    {
 			printf("random: sys_safecopyto failed for proc %d, "
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static int r_transfer(
 		    }
  	        } else if (opcode == DEV_SCATTER_S) {
 		    r= sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, vir_offset,
-			(vir_bytes) random_buf, chunk, D);
+			(vir_bytes) random_buf, chunk);
 		    if (r != OK)
 		    {
 			printf("random: sys_safecopyfrom failed for proc %d, "
diff --git a/drivers/rtl8139/rtl8139.c b/drivers/rtl8139/rtl8139.c
index 100312b01..aef58df33 100644
--- a/drivers/rtl8139/rtl8139.c
+++ b/drivers/rtl8139/rtl8139.c
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ static void rl_readv_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes) rep->re_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) {
 			panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d",
 				cps);
@@ -902,14 +902,14 @@ static void rl_readv_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 
 				cps = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source,
 					iovp->iov_grant, 0, 
-					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf+o, s1, D);
+					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf+o, s1);
 				if (cps != OK) { 
 					panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d",
 					cps);
 				}
 				cps = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source,
 					iovp->iov_grant, s1, 
-					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf, s-s1, S);
+					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf, s-s1);
 				if (cps != OK) {
 					panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", cps);
 				}
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ static void rl_readv_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 			{
 				cps = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source,
 					iovp->iov_grant, 0,
-					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf+o, s, D);
+					(vir_bytes) rep->v_re_rx_buf+o, s);
 				if (cps != OK)
 					panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", cps);
 			}
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ static void rl_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 			n= count-i;
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes) rep->re_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) {
 			panic("rl_writev_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", cps);
 		}
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ static void rl_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 				panic("invalid packet size");
 			}
 			cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, iovp->iov_grant,
-				0, (vir_bytes) ret, s, D);
+				0, (vir_bytes) ret, s);
 			if (cps != OK) { 
 				panic("rl_writev_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d",	cps);
 			}
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ message *mp;
 	stats= rep->re_stat;
 
 	r = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats));
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("rl_getstat_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 
diff --git a/drivers/rtl8169/rtl8169.c b/drivers/rtl8169/rtl8169.c
index 20abcfbe6..5ef8ae419 100644
--- a/drivers/rtl8169/rtl8169.c
+++ b/drivers/rtl8169/rtl8169.c
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ readvs_loop:
 			n = count-i;
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes) rep->re_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) {
 			panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", 				cps);
 		}
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ readvs_loop:
 			}
 
 			cps = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, iovp->iov_grant, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) rep->re_rx[index].v_ret_buf + size, s, D);
+				(vir_bytes) rep->re_rx[index].v_ret_buf + size, s);
 			if (cps != OK)
 				panic("rl_readv_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", cps);
 
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ static void rl_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 			n = count - i;
 		cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, iov_offset,
 			(vir_bytes) rep->re_iovec_s,
-			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]), D);
+			n * sizeof(rep->re_iovec_s[0]));
 		if (cps != OK) {
 			panic("rl_writev_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", 				cps);
 		}
@@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ static void rl_writev_s(const message *mp, int from_int)
 				panic("invalid packet size");
 
 			cps = sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, iovp->iov_grant,
-				0, (vir_bytes) ret, s, D);
+				0, (vir_bytes) ret, s);
 			if (cps != OK) {
 				panic("rl_writev_s: sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", cps);
 			}
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ message *mp;
 	stats = rep->re_stat;
 
 	r = sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, mp->DL_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &stats, sizeof(stats));
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("rl_getstat_s: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
 
diff --git a/drivers/tty/console.c b/drivers/tty/console.c
index 5726d0a4c..05971f634 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/console.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/console.c
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ int try;
   do {
 	if (count > sizeof(buf)) count = sizeof(buf);
 	if ((result = sys_safecopyfrom(tp->tty_outcaller, tp->tty_outgrant,
-		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) buf, count, D)) != OK)
+		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) buf, count)) != OK)
 		break;
 	tp->tty_outoffset += count;
 	tbuf = buf;
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ void do_video(message *m)
 
 	   		r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source,
 				(cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
-				(vir_bytes) &mapreqvm, sizeof(mapreqvm), D);
+				(vir_bytes) &mapreqvm, sizeof(mapreqvm));
 
 			if (r != OK)
 			{
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ void do_video(message *m)
 	   			if((r = sys_safecopyto(m->m_source,
 				  (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
 				  (vir_bytes) &mapreqvm,
-				  sizeof(mapreqvm), D)) != OK) {
+				  sizeof(mapreqvm))) != OK) {
 				  printf("tty: sys_safecopyto failed\n");
 				}
 			} else {
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ message *m;
   result = ga_program(seq1);	/* bring font memory into view */
 
   if(sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
-	(vir_bytes) font_memory, GA_FONT_SIZE, D) != OK) {
+	(vir_bytes) font_memory, GA_FONT_SIZE) != OK) {
 	printf("tty: copying from %d failed\n", m->m_source);
 	return EFAULT;
   }
diff --git a/drivers/tty/keyboard.c b/drivers/tty/keyboard.c
index 534f3e337..c66d244fd 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/keyboard.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/keyboard.c
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ message *m;
 		if (n <= 0)
 			panic("do_kbd(READ): bad n: %d", n);
 		r= sys_safecopyto(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0, 
-			(vir_bytes) &kbdp->buf[kbdp->offset], n, D);
+			(vir_bytes) &kbdp->buf[kbdp->offset], n);
 		if (r == OK)
 		{
 			kbdp->offset= (kbdp->offset+n) % KBD_BUFSZ;
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ message *m;
 		for (i= 0; i<m->COUNT; i++)
 		{
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t)
-				m->IO_GRANT, i, (vir_bytes) &c, 1, D);
+				m->IO_GRANT, i, (vir_bytes) &c, 1);
 			if (r != OK)
 				break;
 			kbc_cmd1(KBC_WRITE_AUX, c);
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ message *m;
 			
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t)
 				m->IO_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &leds,
-				sizeof(leds), D);
+				sizeof(leds));
 			if (r != OK)
 				break;
 			b= 0;
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ message *m;
 
 			r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t)
 				m->IO_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &bell,
-				sizeof(bell), D);
+				sizeof(bell));
 			if (r != OK)
 				break;
 
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ message *m;
 			panic("kbd_status: bad n: %d", n);
 		kbdp->req_size= 0;
 		r= sys_safecopyto(kbdp->incaller, kbdp->req_grant, 0,
-			(vir_bytes)&kbdp->buf[kbdp->offset], n, D);
+			(vir_bytes)&kbdp->buf[kbdp->offset], n);
 		if (r == OK)
 		{
 			kbdp->offset= (kbdp->offset+n) % KBD_BUFSZ;
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ message *m;
 {
 /* Load a new keymap. */
   return sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT,
-	0, (vir_bytes) keymap, (vir_bytes) sizeof(keymap), D);
+	0, (vir_bytes) keymap, (vir_bytes) sizeof(keymap));
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
diff --git a/drivers/tty/pty.c b/drivers/tty/pty.c
index 6adb2af8d..9d718214b 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/pty.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/pty.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ static int pty_write(tty_t *tp, int try)
 
 	/* Copy from user space to the PTY output buffer. */
 	if ((s = sys_safecopyfrom(tp->tty_outcaller, tp->tty_outgrant,
-		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) pp->ohead, count, D))!=OK) {
+		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) pp->ohead, count))!=OK) {
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static void pty_start(pty_t *pp)
 
 	/* Copy from the output buffer to the readers address space. */
 	if((s = sys_safecopyto(pp->rdcaller, pp->rdgrant,
-		pp->rdoffset, (vir_bytes) pp->otail, count, D)) != OK) {
+		pp->rdoffset, (vir_bytes) pp->otail, count)) != OK) {
 		break;
  	}
 	pp->rdoffset += count;
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ static int pty_read(tty_t *tp, int try)
 
 	/* Transfer one character to 'c'. */
 	if ((s = sys_safecopyfrom(pp->wrcaller, pp->wrgrant, pp->wroffset,
-		(vir_bytes) &c, 1, D)) != OK) {
+		(vir_bytes) &c, 1)) != OK) {
 		printf("pty: safecopy failed (error %d)\n", s);
 		break;
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/tty/rs232.c b/drivers/tty/rs232.c
index 6ee1a65ea..f9b586301 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/rs232.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/rs232.c
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ static int rs_write(register tty_t *tp, int try)
 
 	/* Copy from user space to the RS232 output buffer. */
 	sys_safecopyfrom(tp->tty_outcaller, tp->tty_outgrant, 
-		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) rs->ohead, count, D);
+		tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) rs->ohead, count);
 
 	/* Perform output processing on the output buffer. */
 	out_process(tp, rs->obuf, rs->ohead, bufend(rs->obuf), &count, &ocount);
diff --git a/drivers/tty/tty.c b/drivers/tty/tty.c
index 67396b51c..d5f3696a1 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/tty.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/tty.c
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ message *m_ptr;			/* pointer to message sent to task */
     case TCGETS:
 	/* Get the termios attributes. */
 	r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &tp->tty_termios, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		(vir_bytes) &tp->tty_termios, (vir_bytes) size);
 	break;
 
     case TCSETSW:
@@ -628,14 +628,14 @@ message *m_ptr;			/* pointer to message sent to task */
     case TCSETS:
 	/* Set the termios attributes. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) &tp->tty_termios, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		0, (vir_bytes) &tp->tty_termios, (vir_bytes) size);
 	if (r != OK) break;
 	setattr(tp);
 	break;
 
     case TCFLSH:
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) &param.i, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		0, (vir_bytes) &param.i, (vir_bytes) size);
 	if (r != OK) break;
 	switch (param.i) {
 	    case TCIFLUSH:	tty_icancel(tp);		 	    break;
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ message *m_ptr;			/* pointer to message sent to task */
 
     case TCFLOW:
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) &param.i, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		0, (vir_bytes) &param.i, (vir_bytes) size);
 	if (r != OK) break;
 	switch (param.i) {
 	    case TCOOFF:
@@ -672,12 +672,12 @@ message *m_ptr;			/* pointer to message sent to task */
 
     case TIOCGWINSZ:
 	r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &tp->tty_winsize, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		(vir_bytes) &tp->tty_winsize, (vir_bytes) size);
 	break;
 
     case TIOCSWINSZ:
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) &tp->tty_winsize, (vir_bytes) size, D);
+		0, (vir_bytes) &tp->tty_winsize, (vir_bytes) size);
 	sigchar(tp, SIGWINCH, 0);
 	break;
 
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ register tty_t *tp;		/* pointer to terminal to read from */
 			sys_safecopyto(tp->tty_incaller,
 				tp->tty_ingrant, tp->tty_inoffset,
 				(vir_bytes) buf,
-				(vir_bytes) buflen(buf), D);
+				(vir_bytes) buflen(buf));
 			tp->tty_inoffset += buflen(buf);
 			tp->tty_incum += buflen(buf);
 			bp = buf;
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ register tty_t *tp;		/* pointer to terminal to read from */
 	count = bp - buf;
 	sys_safecopyto(tp->tty_incaller,
 		tp->tty_ingrant, tp->tty_inoffset,
-		(vir_bytes) buf, (vir_bytes) count, D);
+		(vir_bytes) buf, (vir_bytes) count);
 	tp->tty_inoffset += count;
 	tp->tty_incum += count;
   }
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ tty_t *tp;
 	if (tp->tty_ioreq == TCSETSF) tty_icancel(tp);
 	result = sys_safecopyfrom(tp->tty_iocaller, tp->tty_iogrant, 0,
 		(vir_bytes) &tp->tty_termios,
-		(vir_bytes) sizeof(tp->tty_termios), D);
+		(vir_bytes) sizeof(tp->tty_termios));
 	if (result == OK) setattr(tp);
   }
   tp->tty_ioreq = 0;
diff --git a/drivers/vbox/hgcm.c b/drivers/vbox/hgcm.c
index 19b0ab63a..2955fe5a3 100644
--- a/drivers/vbox/hgcm.c
+++ b/drivers/vbox/hgcm.c
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ static int finish_req(int conn, int req, int *code)
 					hgcm_conn[conn].req[req].grant, 0,
 					(vir_bytes)
 					hgcm_conn[conn].req[req].param,
-					count * sizeof(vbox_param_t), D);
+					count * sizeof(vbox_param_t));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ static int do_open(message *m_ptr, int ipc_status, int *code)
 	connreq = (struct VMMDevHGCMConnect *) hgcm_conn[conn].req[0].ptr;
 	connreq->type = VMMDEV_HGCM_SVCLOC_LOCALHOST_EXISTING;
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, m_ptr->VBOX_GRANT, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) connreq->name, m_ptr->VBOX_COUNT, D)) !=
+			(vir_bytes) connreq->name, m_ptr->VBOX_COUNT)) !=
 			OK) {
 		free_conn(conn);
 
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ static int do_call(message *m_ptr, int ipc_status, int *code)
 	if (count > 0) {
 		if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, m_ptr->VBOX_GRANT,
 				0, (vir_bytes) hgcm_conn[conn].req[req].param,
-				count * sizeof(vbox_param_t), D)) != OK)
+				count * sizeof(vbox_param_t))) != OK)
 			return r;
 	}
 
diff --git a/include/minix/com.h b/include/minix/com.h
index 3170accb8..ef9ad8f27 100644
--- a/include/minix/com.h
+++ b/include/minix/com.h
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
 
 /* Field names for SYS_SAFECOPY* */
 #define SCP_FROM_TO	m2_i1	/* from/to whom? */
-#define SCP_SEG		m2_i2	/* my own segment */
+#define SCP_SEG_OBSOLETE m2_i2	/* my own segment */
 #define SCP_GID		m2_i3	/* grant id */
 #define SCP_OFFSET	m2_l1	/* offset within grant */
 #define	SCP_ADDRESS	m2_p1	/* my own address */
diff --git a/include/minix/syslib.h b/include/minix/syslib.h
index b427cd8cc..4635669ee 100644
--- a/include/minix/syslib.h
+++ b/include/minix/syslib.h
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ int sys_physcopy(endpoint_t src_proc, int src_seg, vir_bytes src_vir,
 
 /* Grant-based copy functions. */
 int sys_safecopyfrom(endpoint_t source, cp_grant_id_t grant, vir_bytes
-	grant_offset, vir_bytes my_address, size_t bytes, int my_seg);
+	grant_offset, vir_bytes my_address, size_t bytes);
 int sys_safecopyto(endpoint_t dest, cp_grant_id_t grant, vir_bytes
-	grant_offset, vir_bytes my_address, size_t bytes, int my_seg);
+	grant_offset, vir_bytes my_address, size_t bytes);
 int sys_vsafecopy(struct vscp_vec *copyvec, int elements);
 
 int sys_memset(endpoint_t who, unsigned long pattern,
diff --git a/kernel/system/do_safecopy.c b/kernel/system/do_safecopy.c
index 59b1b5b4e..3812afc41 100644
--- a/kernel/system/do_safecopy.c
+++ b/kernel/system/do_safecopy.c
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  *
  * The parameters for this kernel call are:
  *    	SCP_FROM_TO	other endpoint
- *    	SCP_SEG		segment in own address space
  *    	SCP_GID		grant id
  *    	SCP_OFFSET	offset within granted space
  *	SCP_ADDRESS	address in own address space
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@
 #define MEM_TOP 0xFFFFFFFFUL
 
 static int safecopy(struct proc *, endpoint_t, endpoint_t,
-	cp_grant_id_t, int, int, size_t, vir_bytes, vir_bytes, int);
+	cp_grant_id_t, size_t, vir_bytes, vir_bytes, int);
 
 #define HASGRANTTABLE(gr) \
 	(priv(gr) && priv(gr)->s_grant_table)
@@ -226,12 +225,11 @@ endpoint_t *e_granter;		/* new granter (magic grants) */
 /*===========================================================================*
  *				safecopy				     *
  *===========================================================================*/
-static int safecopy(caller, granter, grantee, grantid, src_seg, dst_seg, bytes,
+static int safecopy(caller, granter, grantee, grantid, bytes,
 	g_offset, addr, access)
 struct proc * caller;
 endpoint_t granter, grantee;
 cp_grant_id_t grantid;
-int src_seg, dst_seg;
 size_t bytes;
 vir_bytes g_offset, addr;
 int access;			/* CPF_READ for a copy from granter to grantee, CPF_WRITE
@@ -279,8 +277,8 @@ int access;			/* CPF_READ for a copy from granter to grantee, CPF_WRITE
 	granter = new_granter;
 
 	/* Now it's a regular copy. */
-	v_src.segment = src_seg;
-	v_dst.segment = dst_seg;
+	v_src.segment = D;
+	v_dst.segment = D;
 	v_src.proc_nr_e = *src;
 	v_dst.proc_nr_e = *dst;
 
@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ int access;			/* CPF_READ for a copy from granter to grantee, CPF_WRITE
 int do_safecopy_to(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
 {
 	return safecopy(caller, m_ptr->SCP_FROM_TO, caller->p_endpoint,
-		(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->SCP_GID, m_ptr->SCP_SEG, D,
+		(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->SCP_GID, 
 		m_ptr->SCP_BYTES, m_ptr->SCP_OFFSET,
 		(vir_bytes) m_ptr->SCP_ADDRESS, CPF_WRITE);
 }
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ int do_safecopy_to(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
 int do_safecopy_from(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
 {
 	return safecopy(caller, m_ptr->SCP_FROM_TO, caller->p_endpoint,
-		(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->SCP_GID, D, m_ptr->SCP_SEG,
+		(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->SCP_GID, 
 		m_ptr->SCP_BYTES, m_ptr->SCP_OFFSET,
 		(vir_bytes) m_ptr->SCP_ADDRESS, CPF_READ);
 }
@@ -406,7 +404,7 @@ int do_vsafecopy(struct proc * caller, message * m_ptr)
 
 		/* Do safecopy for this element. */
 		if((r=safecopy(caller, granter, caller->p_endpoint,
-			vec[i].v_gid, D, D,
+			vec[i].v_gid,
 			vec[i].v_bytes, vec[i].v_offset,
 			vec[i].v_addr, access)) != OK) {
 			return r;
diff --git a/lib/libaudiodriver/audio_fw.c b/lib/libaudiodriver/audio_fw.c
index 499832693..88d248094 100644
--- a/lib/libaudiodriver/audio_fw.c
+++ b/lib/libaudiodriver/audio_fw.c
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ static int msg_ioctl(const message *m_ptr)
 
 		if(sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, 
 					(vir_bytes)m_ptr->ADDRESS, 0,
-					(vir_bytes)io_ctl_buf, len, D) != OK) {
+					(vir_bytes)io_ctl_buf, len) != OK) {
 			printf("%s:%d: safecopyfrom failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
 		}
 	}
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ static int msg_ioctl(const message *m_ptr)
 		/* copy result back to user */
 
 		if(sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source, (vir_bytes)m_ptr->ADDRESS, 0, 
-					(vir_bytes)io_ctl_buf, len, D) != OK) {
+					(vir_bytes)io_ctl_buf, len) != OK) {
 			printf("%s:%d: safecopyto failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
 		}
 
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ static void data_from_user(sub_dev_t *subdev)
 				(vir_bytes)subdev->ReviveGrant, 0, 
 				(vir_bytes)subdev->DmaPtr + 
 				subdev->DmaFillNext * subdev->FragSize,
-				(phys_bytes)subdev->FragSize, D);
+				(phys_bytes)subdev->FragSize);
 
 
 		subdev->DmaLength += 1;
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ static void data_from_user(sub_dev_t *subdev)
 				(vir_bytes)subdev->ReviveGrant, 0,
 				(vir_bytes)subdev->ExtraBuf + 
 				subdev->BufFillNext * subdev->FragSize, 
-				(phys_bytes)subdev->FragSize, D);
+				(phys_bytes)subdev->FragSize);
 
 		subdev->BufLength += 1;
 
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ static void data_to_user(sub_dev_t *sub_dev_ptr)
 				(vir_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->ReviveGrant,
 				0, (vir_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->ExtraBuf + 
 				sub_dev_ptr->BufReadNext * sub_dev_ptr->FragSize,
-				(phys_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->FragSize, D);
+				(phys_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->FragSize);
 
 		/* adjust the buffer status variables */
 		sub_dev_ptr->BufReadNext = 
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ static void data_to_user(sub_dev_t *sub_dev_ptr)
 				(vir_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->ReviveGrant, 0, 
 				(vir_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->DmaPtr + 
 				sub_dev_ptr->DmaReadNext * sub_dev_ptr->FragSize,
-				(phys_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->FragSize, D);
+				(phys_bytes)sub_dev_ptr->FragSize);
 
 		/* adjust the buffer status variables */
 		sub_dev_ptr->DmaReadNext = 
diff --git a/lib/libblockdriver/driver.c b/lib/libblockdriver/driver.c
index df32ad900..479c20dbf 100644
--- a/lib/libblockdriver/driver.c
+++ b/lib/libblockdriver/driver.c
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static int do_vrdwt(struct blockdriver *bdp, message *mp, thread_id_t id)
   if (nr_req > NR_IOREQS) nr_req = NR_IOREQS;
 
   if (OK != sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, (vir_bytes) mp->BDEV_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, nr_req * sizeof(iovec[0]), D)) {
+		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, nr_req * sizeof(iovec[0]))) {
 	printf("blockdriver: bad I/O vector by: %d\n", mp->m_source);
 	return EINVAL;
   }
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ static int do_dioctl(struct blockdriver *bdp, dev_t minor,
   case DIOCSETP:
 	/* Copy just this one partition table entry. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &entry,
-		sizeof(entry), D);
+		sizeof(entry));
 	if (r != OK)
 		return r;
 
@@ -295,8 +295,7 @@ static int do_dioctl(struct blockdriver *bdp, dev_t minor,
 		entry.sectors = 32;
 	}
 
-	r = sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &entry, sizeof(entry),
-		D);
+	r = sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &entry, sizeof(entry));
 
 	break;
   }
diff --git a/lib/libblockdriver/trace.c b/lib/libblockdriver/trace.c
index 036609c65..bf80cc836 100644
--- a/lib/libblockdriver/trace.c
+++ b/lib/libblockdriver/trace.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int trace_ctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 
 	/* Copy in the requested size. */
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &size,
-		sizeof(size), D)) != OK)
+		sizeof(size))) != OK)
 		return r;
 
 	if (size >= INT_MAX / sizeof(btrace_entry)) return EINVAL;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ int trace_ctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 
 	/* Copy in the request code. */
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyfrom(endpt, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) &ctl,
-		sizeof(ctl), D)) != OK)
+		sizeof(ctl))) != OK)
 		return r;
 
 	/* Start or stop tracing. */
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ int trace_ctl(dev_t minor, unsigned int request, endpoint_t endpt,
 
 	if ((r = sys_safecopyto(endpt, grant, 0,
 		(vir_bytes) &trace_buf[trace_next],
-		entries * sizeof(btrace_entry), D)) != OK)
+		entries * sizeof(btrace_entry))) != OK)
 		return r;
 
 	trace_next += entries;
diff --git a/lib/libchardriver/chardriver.c b/lib/libchardriver/chardriver.c
index 2669ec04a..a3db9a00b 100644
--- a/lib/libchardriver/chardriver.c
+++ b/lib/libchardriver/chardriver.c
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ static int do_vrdwt(struct chardriver *cdp, message *mp)
   iovec_size = (phys_bytes) (nr_req * sizeof(iovec[0]));
 
   if (OK != sys_safecopyfrom(mp->m_source, (vir_bytes) mp->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, iovec_size, D)) {
+		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, iovec_size)) {
 	printf("bad I/O vector by: %d\n", mp->m_source);
 	return(EINVAL);
   }
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ static int do_vrdwt(struct chardriver *cdp, message *mp)
 
   /* Copy the I/O vector back to the caller. */
   if (OK != sys_safecopyto(mp->m_source, (vir_bytes) mp->IO_GRANT,
-		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, iovec_size, D)) {
+		0, (vir_bytes) iovec, iovec_size)) {
 	printf("couldn't return I/O vector: %d\n", mp->m_source);
 	return(EINVAL);
   }
diff --git a/lib/libddekit/src/usb_server.c b/lib/libddekit/src/usb_server.c
index 67059587d..1a0389b5c 100644
--- a/lib/libddekit/src/usb_server.c
+++ b/lib/libddekit/src/usb_server.c
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ static void submit_urb(message *msg)
 
 		/* copy in URB */
 		res = sys_safecopyfrom(ep, msg->USB_GRANT_ID, 0,
-		    (vir_bytes) &mx_urb->dev_id, msg->USB_GRANT_SIZE, D);
+		    (vir_bytes) &mx_urb->dev_id, msg->USB_GRANT_SIZE);
 
 		if (res != 0) {
 			DEBUG_MSG("sys_safecopyfrom failed ");
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ static void completion_callback(void *priv)
 	/* copy out URB */
 	res = sys_safecopyto(drv->ep, ctx->gid, 0,
 	    (vir_bytes) ((char*)mx_urb) + sizeof(void*),
-		mx_urb->urb_size - sizeof(void*), D);
+		mx_urb->urb_size - sizeof(void*));
 
 	if (res != 0) {
 		DEBUG_MSG("Copy out failed: %d", res);
diff --git a/lib/libminixfs/fetch_credentials.c b/lib/libminixfs/fetch_credentials.c
index a1247c78c..3c5a62d42 100644
--- a/lib/libminixfs/fetch_credentials.c
+++ b/lib/libminixfs/fetch_credentials.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ int fs_lookup_credentials(vfs_ucred_t *credentials,
 
   if(cred_size == sizeof(*credentials)) {
            r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant2, (vir_bytes) 0,
-                                (vir_bytes) credentials, cred_size, D);
+                                (vir_bytes) credentials, cred_size);
            if (r != OK) {
 	   	printf("FS: cred copy (regular) failed.\n");
 	   	return(r);
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int fs_lookup_credentials(vfs_ucred_t *credentials,
   } else if(cred_size == sizeof(old_cred)) {
            int g;
            r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant2, (vir_bytes) 0,
-                                (vir_bytes) &old_cred, sizeof(old_cred), D);
+                                (vir_bytes) &old_cred, sizeof(old_cred));
            if (r != OK) {
 	   	printf("FS: cred copy (fallback) failed.\n");
 	   	return(r);
diff --git a/lib/libpuffs/link.c b/lib/libpuffs/link.c
index e63599fcc..e797f2102 100644
--- a/lib/libpuffs/link.c
+++ b/lib/libpuffs/link.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int fs_link()
         return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-                       (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+                       (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int fs_rdlink()
   }
 
   r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-		  (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) path, (size_t) copylen, D);
+		  (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) path, (size_t) copylen);
   if (r == OK)
 	  fs_m_out.RES_NBYTES = copylen;
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ int fs_rename()
         return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_OLD,
-                (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn_src.pcn_name, (size_t) len, D);
+                (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn_src.pcn_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(pcn_src.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn_src.pcn_name));
   pcn_src.pcn_namelen = len - 1;
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ int fs_rename()
         return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_NEW,
-                (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn_targ.pcn_name, (size_t) len, D);
+                (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn_targ.pcn_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(pcn_targ.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn_targ.pcn_name));
   pcn_targ.pcn_namelen = len - 1;
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ int fs_unlink()
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn.pcn_name,
-		       (size_t) len, D);
+		       (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return (r);
   NUL(pcn.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn.pcn_name));
 
diff --git a/lib/libpuffs/open.c b/lib/libpuffs/open.c
index c9a64bcca..d520ac973 100644
--- a/lib/libpuffs/open.c
+++ b/lib/libpuffs/open.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ int fs_create()
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn.pcn_name,
-			      (size_t) len, D);
+			      (size_t) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return(err_code);
   NUL(pcn.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn.pcn_name));
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ int fs_mknod()
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
                              (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn.pcn_name,
-			     (size_t) len, D);
+			     (size_t) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return(err_code);
   NUL(pcn.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn.pcn_name));
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ int fs_mkdir()
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn.pcn_name,
-			      (phys_bytes) len, D);
+			      (phys_bytes) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return(err_code);
   NUL(pcn.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn.pcn_name));
 
@@ -307,14 +307,14 @@ int fs_slink()
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) pcn.pcn_name,
-		       (size_t) len, D);
+		       (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(pcn.pcn_name, len, sizeof(pcn.pcn_name));
 
   /* Copy the target path (note that it's not null terminated) */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT3,
 		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) target, 
-		       (size_t) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE, D);
+		       (size_t) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   target[fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE] = '\0';
 
diff --git a/lib/libpuffs/path.c b/lib/libpuffs/path.c
index e4a2fd855..bac1a1d04 100644
--- a/lib/libpuffs/path.c
+++ b/lib/libpuffs/path.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 
   /* Copy the pathname and set up caller's user and group id */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, /*offset*/ 0,
-            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
 
   /* Verify this is a null-terminated path. */
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 	if (len > path_size) return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
 	r1 = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
 	if (r1 != OK) return(r1);
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/libpuffs/read.c b/lib/libpuffs/read.c
index 6f39e3d2e..10d83f5f0 100644
--- a/lib/libpuffs/read.c
+++ b/lib/libpuffs/read.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int fs_readwrite(void)
 	bytes_done = nrbytes - bytes_left;
 	if (bytes_done) {
 		r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-				   (vir_bytes) rw_buf, bytes_done, D);
+				   (vir_bytes) rw_buf, bytes_done);
 		update_times(pn, ATIME, 0);
 	}
   } else if (rw_flag == WRITING) {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int fs_readwrite(void)
 	if (r) return(EINVAL);
 
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			     (vir_bytes) rw_buf, nrbytes, D);
+			     (vir_bytes) rw_buf, nrbytes);
 	if (r != OK) return(EINVAL);
 
 	if (global_pu->pu_ops.puffs_node_write == NULL)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 
   if (written) {
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			     (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, written, D);
+			     (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, written);
 	if (r != OK) return(r);
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/libpuffs/stadir.c b/lib/libpuffs/stadir.c
index 2dbd4ce08..ddf9acf9b 100644
--- a/lib/libpuffs/stadir.c
+++ b/lib/libpuffs/stadir.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int fs_fstatfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st), D);
+		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st));
 
   return(r);
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int fs_stat()
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &statbuf,
-		     (size_t) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+		     (size_t) sizeof(statbuf));
 
   return(r);
 }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ int fs_statvfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &st,
-                    (phys_bytes) sizeof(st), D);
+                    (phys_bytes) sizeof(st));
 
   return(r);
 }
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/lookup.c b/lib/libsffs/lookup.c
index e964f2730..b94b6a0fd 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/lookup.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/lookup.c
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ int do_lookup()
 	return EINVAL;
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-	(vir_bytes) buf, len, D);
+	(vir_bytes) buf, len);
 
   if (r != OK)
 	return r;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ int do_lookup()
 	}
 
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT2, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &ucred, m_in.REQ_UCRED_SIZE, D);
+		(vir_bytes) &ucred, m_in.REQ_UCRED_SIZE);
 
 	if (r != OK)
 		return r;
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/misc.c b/lib/libsffs/misc.c
index 54e203b3b..fe48d84cf 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/misc.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/misc.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int do_fstatfs()
   statfs.f_bsize = BLOCK_SIZE; /* arbitrary block size constant */
 
   return sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-	(vir_bytes) &statfs, sizeof(statfs), D);
+	(vir_bytes) &statfs, sizeof(statfs));
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
@@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ int do_statvfs()
   statvfs.f_namemax = NAME_MAX;
 
   return sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-	(vir_bytes) &statvfs, sizeof(statvfs), D);
+	(vir_bytes) &statvfs, sizeof(statvfs));
 }
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/read.c b/lib/libsffs/read.c
index a8ddf0812..e34bd28d2 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/read.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/read.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int do_read()
 	chunk = r;
 
 	r = sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, off,
-		(vir_bytes) ptr, chunk, D);
+		(vir_bytes) ptr, chunk);
 
 	if (r != OK)
 		break;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ int do_getdents()
 	/* If our own buffer cannot contain the new record, copy out first. */
 	if (off + len > sizeof(buf)) {
 		r = sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-			user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off, D);
+			user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off);
 
 		if (r != OK) {
 			put_inode(child);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ int do_getdents()
   /* If there is anything left in our own buffer, copy that out now. */
   if (off > 0) {
 	r = sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, user_off,
-		(vir_bytes) buf, off, D);
+		(vir_bytes) buf, off);
 
 	if (r != OK)
 		return r;
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/stat.c b/lib/libsffs/stat.c
index a3351d71e..dbac80867 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/stat.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/stat.c
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ int do_stat()
   }
 
   return sys_safecopyto(m_in.m_source, m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-	(vir_bytes) &stat, sizeof(stat), D);
+	(vir_bytes) &stat, sizeof(stat));
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/util.c b/lib/libsffs/util.c
index 3664dbc36..653741691 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/util.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/util.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ char name[NAME_MAX+1];		/* buffer in which store the result */
   if (len <= 1) return EINVAL;
   if (len > NAME_MAX+1) return ENAMETOOLONG;
 
-  r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_in.m_source, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) name, len, D);
+  r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_in.m_source, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) name, len);
 
   if (r != OK) return r;
 
diff --git a/lib/libsffs/write.c b/lib/libsffs/write.c
index 91000d1fe..bf70038a7 100644
--- a/lib/libsffs/write.c
+++ b/lib/libsffs/write.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ cp_grant_id_t *grantp;
 
 	if (grantp != NULL) {
 		r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_in.m_source, *grantp,
-			off, (vir_bytes) ptr, chunk, D);
+			off, (vir_bytes) ptr, chunk);
 
 		if (r != OK)
 			break;
diff --git a/lib/libsys/gcov.c b/lib/libsys/gcov.c
index ab5eb8cc4..bb9b4a8d5 100644
--- a/lib/libsys/gcov.c
+++ b/lib/libsys/gcov.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ static void add_buff(void *ptr, int size)
 		size = pos - gcov_buff_sz;
 	}
 
-	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, pos, (vir_bytes)ptr, size, D);
+	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, pos, (vir_bytes)ptr, size);
 
 	if(r) {
 		printf("libsys: gcov: safecopy failed (%d)\n", r);
diff --git a/lib/libsys/sys_safecopy.c b/lib/libsys/sys_safecopy.c
index 0f569f518..bc2b6f781 100644
--- a/lib/libsys/sys_safecopy.c
+++ b/lib/libsys/sys_safecopy.c
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 
 int sys_safecopyfrom(endpoint_t src_e,
 	cp_grant_id_t gr_id, vir_bytes offset,
-	vir_bytes address, size_t bytes,
-	int my_seg)
+	vir_bytes address, size_t bytes)
 {
 /* Transfer a block of data for which the other process has previously
  * given permission. 
@@ -15,20 +14,23 @@ int sys_safecopyfrom(endpoint_t src_e,
   message copy_mess;
 
   copy_mess.SCP_FROM_TO = src_e;
-  copy_mess.SCP_SEG = my_seg;
   copy_mess.SCP_GID = gr_id;
   copy_mess.SCP_OFFSET = (long) offset;
   copy_mess.SCP_ADDRESS = (char *) address;
   copy_mess.SCP_BYTES = (long) bytes;
 
+  /* for older kernels that still need the 'seg' field
+   * provide the right value.
+   */
+  copy_mess.SCP_SEG_OBSOLETE = D;
+
   return(_kernel_call(SYS_SAFECOPYFROM, &copy_mess));
 
 }
 
 int sys_safecopyto(endpoint_t dst_e,
 	cp_grant_id_t gr_id, vir_bytes offset,
-	vir_bytes address, size_t bytes,
-	int my_seg)
+	vir_bytes address, size_t bytes)
 {
 /* Transfer a block of data for which the other process has previously
  * given permission. 
@@ -37,12 +39,16 @@ int sys_safecopyto(endpoint_t dst_e,
   message copy_mess;
 
   copy_mess.SCP_FROM_TO = dst_e;
-  copy_mess.SCP_SEG = my_seg;
   copy_mess.SCP_GID = gr_id;
   copy_mess.SCP_OFFSET = (long) offset;
   copy_mess.SCP_ADDRESS = (char *) address;
   copy_mess.SCP_BYTES = (long) bytes;
 
+  /* for older kernels that still need the 'seg' field
+   * provide the right value.
+   */
+  copy_mess.SCP_SEG_OBSOLETE = D;
+
   return(_kernel_call(SYS_SAFECOPYTO, &copy_mess));
 
 }
diff --git a/lib/libvtreefs/link.c b/lib/libvtreefs/link.c
index 39aa2ed3e..5835eb0f9 100644
--- a/lib/libvtreefs/link.c
+++ b/lib/libvtreefs/link.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ int fs_rdlink(void)
 
 	/* Copy out the result. */
 	r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) path, len, D);
+		(vir_bytes) path, len);
 	if (r != OK) return r;
 
 	fs_m_out.RES_NBYTES = len;
diff --git a/lib/libvtreefs/path.c b/lib/libvtreefs/path.c
index ef8f3a272..f2db11792 100644
--- a/lib/libvtreefs/path.c
+++ b/lib/libvtreefs/path.c
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int fs_lookup(void)
 		return EINVAL;
 
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) path, (phys_bytes) len, D);
+		(vir_bytes) path, (phys_bytes) len);
 	if (r != OK) return r;
 
 	if (path[len-1] != 0) return EINVAL;
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ int fs_lookup(void)
 		assert(fs_m_in.REQ_UCRED_SIZE == sizeof(ucred));
 
 		r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT2, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) &ucred, fs_m_in.REQ_UCRED_SIZE, D);
+			(vir_bytes) &ucred, fs_m_in.REQ_UCRED_SIZE);
 
 		if (r != OK)
 			return r;
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ int fs_lookup(void)
 		if (symloop > 0 && (r == ELEAVEMOUNT || r == ESYMLINK)) {
 			r2 = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source,
 				fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) path,
-				strlen(path) + 1, D);
+				strlen(path) + 1);
 
 			if (r2 != OK)
 				r = r2;
diff --git a/lib/libvtreefs/read.c b/lib/libvtreefs/read.c
index 5e264d83d..86512885d 100644
--- a/lib/libvtreefs/read.c
+++ b/lib/libvtreefs/read.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ int fs_read(void)
 		/* Copy the resulting data to user space. */
 		if (r == OK && len > 0) {
 			r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-				0, (vir_bytes) ptr, len, D);
+				0, (vir_bytes) ptr, len);
 		}
 	} else {
 		/* Feign an empty file. */
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 		 */
 		if (off + len > sizeof(buf)) {
 			r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-				user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off, D);
+				user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off);
 			if (r != OK) return r;
 
 			user_off += off;
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 	/* If there is anything left in our own buffer, copy that out now. */
 	if (off > 0) {
 		r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-			user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off, D);
+			user_off, (vir_bytes) buf, off);
 		if (r != OK)
 			return r;
 
diff --git a/lib/libvtreefs/stadir.c b/lib/libvtreefs/stadir.c
index 2317ff8ca..c2f9a1e50 100644
--- a/lib/libvtreefs/stadir.c
+++ b/lib/libvtreefs/stadir.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int fs_stat(void)
 
 	/* Copy the struct to user space. */
 	return sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &statbuf, (phys_bytes) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &statbuf, (phys_bytes) sizeof(statbuf));
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ int fs_fstatfs(void)
 
 	/* Copy the struct to user space. */
 	return sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &statfs, (phys_bytes) sizeof(statfs), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &statfs, (phys_bytes) sizeof(statfs));
 }
 
 /*===========================================================================*
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ int fs_statvfs(void)
 	statvfs.f_namemax = PNAME_MAX;
 
 	return sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) &statvfs, sizeof(statvfs), D);
+		(vir_bytes) &statvfs, sizeof(statvfs));
 }
diff --git a/servers/devman/device.c b/servers/devman/device.c
index 596d2c812..6f9b525ee 100644
--- a/servers/devman/device.c
+++ b/servers/devman/device.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ int do_add_device(message *msg)
 	}
 	
 	res = sys_safecopyfrom(ep, msg->DEVMAN_GRANT_ID,
-	          0, (vir_bytes) devinf, msg->DEVMAN_GRANT_SIZE, D);
+	          0, (vir_bytes) devinf, msg->DEVMAN_GRANT_SIZE);
 
 	if (res != OK) {
 		res = EINVAL;
diff --git a/servers/ds/store.c b/servers/ds/store.c
index 79c58c7f5..6e2de1974 100644
--- a/servers/ds/store.c
+++ b/servers/ds/store.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static int get_key_name(const message *m_ptr, char *key_name)
   /* Copy name from caller. */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source,
 	(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_KEY_GRANT, 0, 
-	(vir_bytes) key_name, m_ptr->DS_KEY_LEN, D);
+	(vir_bytes) key_name, m_ptr->DS_KEY_LEN);
   if(r != OK) {
 	printf("DS: publish: copy failed from %d: %d\n", m_ptr->m_source, r);
 	return r;
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ int sef_cb_init_fresh(int UNUSED(type), sef_init_info_t *info)
 
 	/* Map all the services in the boot image. */
 	if((r = sys_safecopyfrom(RS_PROC_NR, info->rproctab_gid, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub), S)) != OK) {
+		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub))) != OK) {
 		panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", r);
 	}
 	for(i=0;i < NR_BOOT_PROCS;i++) {
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ int do_publish(message *m_ptr)
 
 	/* Copy the memory range. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_VAL,
-	        0, (vir_bytes) dsp->u.mem.data, length, D);
+	        0, (vir_bytes) dsp->u.mem.data, length);
 	if(r != OK) {
 		printf("DS: publish: memory map/copy failed from %d: %d\n",
 			m_ptr->m_source, r);
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ int do_retrieve(message *m_ptr)
   case DSF_TYPE_MEM:
 	length = MIN(m_ptr->DS_VAL_LEN, dsp->u.mem.length);
 	r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_VAL, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) dsp->u.mem.data, length, D);
+		(vir_bytes) dsp->u.mem.data, length);
 	if(r != OK) {
 		printf("DS: retrieve: copy failed to %d: %d\n",	
 			m_ptr->m_source, r);
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ int do_retrieve(message *m_ptr)
 		length = MIN(m_ptr->DS_VAL_LEN, dsp->u.map.length);
 		r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source,
 		        (cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_VAL, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			(vir_bytes) data, length, D);
+			(vir_bytes) data, length);
 		if(r != OK) {
 			printf("DS: retrieve: copy failed to %d: %d\n",	
 				m_ptr->m_source, r);
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ int do_retrieve_label(const message *m_ptr)
   /* Copy the key name. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source,
 	(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_KEY_GRANT, (vir_bytes) 0,
-	(vir_bytes) dsp->key, strlen(dsp->key) + 1, D);
+	(vir_bytes) dsp->key, strlen(dsp->key) + 1);
   if(r != OK) {
 	printf("DS: copy failed from %d: %d\n", m_ptr->m_source, r);
 	return r;
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ int do_check(message *m_ptr)
   /* Copy the key name. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(m_ptr->m_source,
 	(cp_grant_id_t) m_ptr->DS_KEY_GRANT, (vir_bytes) 0, 
-	(vir_bytes) ds_store[i].key, strlen(ds_store[i].key) + 1, D);
+	(vir_bytes) ds_store[i].key, strlen(ds_store[i].key) + 1);
   if(r != OK) {
 	printf("DS: check: copy failed from %d: %d\n", m_ptr->m_source, r);
 	return r;
diff --git a/servers/ext2/link.c b/servers/ext2/link.c
index 9f741aa1d..b593306b0 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/link.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/link.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ int fs_link()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		       (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+		       (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ int fs_unlink()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-                       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+                       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ int fs_rdlink()
 	copylen = min( copylen, (unsigned) rip->i_size);
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 	                   (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) link_text,
-			   (size_t) copylen, D);
+			   (size_t) copylen);
 	put_block(bp, DIRECTORY_BLOCK);
 	if (r == OK)
 		fs_m_out.RES_NBYTES = copylen;
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ int fs_rename()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_OLD,
-		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) old_name, (size_t) len, D);
+		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) old_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(old_name, len, sizeof(old_name));
 
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ int fs_rename()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_NEW,
-                       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) new_name, (size_t) len, D);
+                       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) new_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(new_name, len, sizeof(new_name));
 
diff --git a/servers/ext2/misc.c b/servers/ext2/misc.c
index be3dc0e37..ffc6341f7 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/misc.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/misc.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ int fs_new_driver(void)
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-	(vir_bytes) label, label_len, D);
+	(vir_bytes) label, label_len);
 
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("ext2: fs_new_driver safecopyfrom failed (%d)\n", r);
diff --git a/servers/ext2/mount.c b/servers/ext2/mount.c
index 2952d33f6..e5daa22c2 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/mount.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/mount.c
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int fs_readsuper()
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, 0,
-		       (vir_bytes)fs_dev_label, label_len, D);
+		       (vir_bytes)fs_dev_label, label_len);
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("%s:%d fs_readsuper: safecopyfrom failed: %d\n",
 	       __FILE__, __LINE__, r);
diff --git a/servers/ext2/open.c b/servers/ext2/open.c
index 8c873973d..fc65e7595 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/open.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/open.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int fs_create()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len, D);
+			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return err_code;
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int fs_mknod()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-                             (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len, D);
+                             (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return err_code;
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ int fs_mkdir()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (phys_bytes) len, D);
+			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (phys_bytes) len);
   if(err_code != OK) return(err_code);
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ int fs_slink()
 	return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ int fs_slink()
 		r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR,
 				     (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT3,
 				     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) sip->i_block,
-                                     (vir_bytes) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE, D);
+                                     (vir_bytes) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE);
 		sip->i_dirt = DIRTY;
 		link_target_buf = (char*) sip->i_block;
         } else {
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ int fs_slink()
 			sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR,
 					 (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT3,
 					 (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) bp->b_data,
-					 (vir_bytes) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE, D);
+					 (vir_bytes) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE);
 			bp->b_dirt = DIRTY;
 			link_target_buf = bp->b_data;
 		} else {
diff --git a/servers/ext2/path.c b/servers/ext2/path.c
index 5c8b167a8..5b063e247 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/path.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/path.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 
   /* Copy the pathname and set up caller's user and group id */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, /*offset*/ 0,
-            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
   if(r != OK) return(r);
 
   /* Verify this is a null-terminated path. */
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 	if(len > path_size) return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
 	r1 = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
 	if (r1 != OK) return(r1);
   }
 
diff --git a/servers/ext2/read.c b/servers/ext2/read.c
index 337f87fb5..587239008 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/read.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/read.c
@@ -272,11 +272,11 @@ int *completed;                 /* number of bytes copied */
   if (rw_flag == READING) {
 	/* Copy a chunk from the block buffer to user space. */
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) buf_off,
-			   (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk, D);
+			   (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk);
   } else {
 	/* Copy a chunk from user space to the block buffer. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) buf_off,
-			     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk, D);
+			     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk);
 	bp->b_dirt = DIRTY;
   }
 
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 		r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid,
 				   (vir_bytes) userbuf_off,
 				   (vir_bytes) getdents_buf,
-				   (size_t) tmpbuf_off, D);
+				   (size_t) tmpbuf_off);
 		if (r != OK) {
 			put_inode(rip);
 			return(r);
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 
   if (tmpbuf_off != 0) {
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) userbuf_off,
-			   (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, (size_t) tmpbuf_off, D);
+			   (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, (size_t) tmpbuf_off);
 	if (r != OK) {
 		put_inode(rip);
 		return(r);
diff --git a/servers/ext2/stadir.c b/servers/ext2/stadir.c
index 85f727b14..135e06628 100644
--- a/servers/ext2/stadir.c
+++ b/servers/ext2/stadir.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ static int stat_inode(
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(who_e, gid, (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &statbuf,
-		     (size_t) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+		     (size_t) sizeof(statbuf));
 
   return(r);
 }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int fs_fstatfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st), D);
+		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st));
 
   return(r);
 }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ int fs_statvfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &st,
-                    (phys_bytes) sizeof(st), D);
+                    (phys_bytes) sizeof(st));
 
   return(r);
 }
diff --git a/servers/inet/sr.c b/servers/inet/sr.c
index 2b16845bf..e6c6178d8 100644
--- a/servers/inet/sr.c
+++ b/servers/inet/sr.c
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ int size;
 		{
 			r= sys_safecopyfrom(s_cp_req[0].v_from,
 				s_cp_req[0].v_gid, s_cp_req[0].v_offset,
-				s_cp_req[0].v_addr, s_cp_req[0].v_bytes, D);
+				s_cp_req[0].v_addr, s_cp_req[0].v_bytes);
 			if (r <0)
 			{
 				printf("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d\n", r);
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ vir_bytes offset;
 		{
 			r= sys_safecopyto(s_cp_req[0].v_to,
 				s_cp_req[0].v_gid, s_cp_req[0].v_offset,
-				s_cp_req[0].v_addr, s_cp_req[0].v_bytes, D);
+				s_cp_req[0].v_addr, s_cp_req[0].v_bytes);
 			if (r <0)
 			{
 				printf("sys_safecopyto failed: %d\n", r);
diff --git a/servers/iso9660fs/misc.c b/servers/iso9660fs/misc.c
index dffef64c0..7c7c9eb91 100644
--- a/servers/iso9660fs/misc.c
+++ b/servers/iso9660fs/misc.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int fs_new_driver(void)
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-	(vir_bytes) label, label_len, D);
+	(vir_bytes) label, label_len);
 
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("ISOFS: fs_new_driver safecopyfrom failed (%d)\n", r);
diff --git a/servers/iso9660fs/mount.c b/servers/iso9660fs/mount.c
index 911a9cc98..f1db6db75 100644
--- a/servers/iso9660fs/mount.c
+++ b/servers/iso9660fs/mount.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int fs_readsuper() {
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, 0, (vir_bytes)fs_dev_label,
-		       label_len, D);
+		       label_len);
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("ISOFS %s:%d safecopyfrom failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, r);
 	return(EINVAL);
diff --git a/servers/iso9660fs/path.c b/servers/iso9660fs/path.c
index 71df671f3..cd4c4c0b9 100644
--- a/servers/iso9660fs/path.c
+++ b/servers/iso9660fs/path.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int fs_lookup() {
 
   /* Copy the pathname and set up caller's user and group id */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, 0, (vir_bytes) user_path, 
-		       (phys_bytes) len, D);
+		       (phys_bytes) len);
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("ISOFS %s:%d sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d\n",
 		__FILE__, __LINE__, r);
diff --git a/servers/iso9660fs/read.c b/servers/iso9660fs/read.c
index 4d49cef9c..c0bf7fe6f 100644
--- a/servers/iso9660fs/read.c
+++ b/servers/iso9660fs/read.c
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void) {
 			 * and start from the beginning. */
 			if (tmpbuf_offset + reclen > GETDENTS_BUFSIZ) {
 				r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, userbuf_off, 
-				    (vir_bytes)getdents_buf, tmpbuf_offset, D);
+				    (vir_bytes)getdents_buf, tmpbuf_offset);
 
 				if (r != OK)
 					panic("fs_getdents: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void) {
 
   if (tmpbuf_offset != 0) {
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, userbuf_off,
-			   (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, tmpbuf_offset, D);
+			   (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, tmpbuf_offset);
 	if (r != OK)
 		panic("fs_getdents: sys_safecopyto failed: %d", r);
  
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ int *completed;			/* number of bytes copied */
   }
   
   r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, buf_off,
-		     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (phys_bytes) chunk, D);
+		     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (phys_bytes) chunk);
 
   put_block(bp);
 
diff --git a/servers/iso9660fs/stadir.c b/servers/iso9660fs/stadir.c
index eb933ea26..b7903f544 100644
--- a/servers/iso9660fs/stadir.c
+++ b/servers/iso9660fs/stadir.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static int stat_dir_record(
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(who_e, gid, 0, (vir_bytes) &statbuf,
-		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(statbuf));
   
   return(r);
 }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ int fs_fstatfs()
   
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0,
-		     (vir_bytes) &st, (phys_bytes) sizeof(st), D);
+		     (vir_bytes) &st, (phys_bytes) sizeof(st));
   
   return(r);
 }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ int fs_statvfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &st,
-		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(st), D);
+		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(st));
   
   return(r);
 }
diff --git a/servers/mfs/link.c b/servers/mfs/link.c
index 47f6325a4..707ccb03e 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/link.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/link.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int fs_link()
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(string));
   /* Copy the link name's last component */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
   
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ int fs_unlink()
   /* Copy the last component */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(string));
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
   
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ int fs_rdlink()
 	bp = get_block(rip->i_dev, b, NORMAL);
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
 			   (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) bp->b_data,
-	  		   (size_t) copylen, D);
+	  		   (size_t) copylen);
 	put_block(bp, DIRECTORY_BLOCK);
 	if (r == OK)
 		fs_m_out.RES_NBYTES = copylen;
@@ -298,14 +298,14 @@ int fs_rename()
   /* Copy the last component of the old name */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_LEN_OLD, sizeof(old_name));
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_OLD,
-  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) old_name, (size_t) len, D);
+  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) old_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(old_name, len, sizeof(old_name));
   
   /* Copy the last component of the new name */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_LEN_NEW, sizeof(new_name));
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_REN_GRANT_NEW,
-  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) new_name, (size_t) len, D);
+  		       (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) new_name, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return r;
   NUL(new_name, len, sizeof(new_name));
 
diff --git a/servers/mfs/misc.c b/servers/mfs/misc.c
index 12880dfd5..8bf355969 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/misc.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/misc.c
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int fs_new_driver(void)
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-	(vir_bytes) label, label_len, D);
+	(vir_bytes) label, label_len);
 
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("MFS: fs_new_driver safecopyfrom failed (%d)\n", r);
diff --git a/servers/mfs/mount.c b/servers/mfs/mount.c
index 43916e394..2352660f7 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/mount.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/mount.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int fs_readsuper()
 	return(EINVAL);
 
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(fs_m_in.m_source, label_gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-		       (vir_bytes) fs_dev_label, label_len, D);
+		       (vir_bytes) fs_dev_label, label_len);
   if (r != OK) {
 	printf("MFS %s:%d safecopyfrom failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, r);
 	return(EINVAL);
diff --git a/servers/mfs/open.c b/servers/mfs/open.c
index a3144dc61..d3a4084f5 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/open.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/open.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int fs_create()
   /* Copy the last component (i.e., file name) */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(lastc));
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, len, D);
+			      (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, len);
   if (err_code != OK) return err_code;
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ int fs_mknod()
   /* Copy the last component and set up caller's user and group id */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(lastc));
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  			    (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len, D);
+  			    (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len);
   if (err_code != OK) return err_code;
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
   
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ int fs_mkdir()
   /* Copy the last component and set up caller's user and group id */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(lastc));
   err_code = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  			   (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len, D);
+  			   (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) lastc, (size_t) len);
   if(err_code != OK) return(err_code);
   NUL(lastc, len, sizeof(lastc));
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ int fs_slink()
   /* Copy the link name's last component */
   len = min( (unsigned) fs_m_in.REQ_PATH_LEN, sizeof(string));
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len, D);
+  			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) string, (size_t) len);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   NUL(string, len, sizeof(string));
   
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ int fs_slink()
   		r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR,
   				     (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT3,
 				     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) bp->b_data,
-				     (size_t) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE, D);
+				     (size_t) fs_m_in.REQ_MEM_SIZE);
 
 	if(bp != NULL && r == OK) {
 		bp->b_data[_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE-1] = '\0';
diff --git a/servers/mfs/path.c b/servers/mfs/path.c
index f3e03fd5d..73a080aff 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/path.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/path.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 
   /* Copy the pathname and set up caller's user and group id */
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, /*offset*/ (vir_bytes) 0, 
-            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+            (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
   if(r != OK) return(r);
 
   /* Verify this is a null-terminated path. */
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ int fs_lookup()
 	if(len > path_size) return(ENAMETOOLONG);
 
 	r1 = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, grant, (vir_bytes) 0,
-			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len, D);
+			    (vir_bytes) user_path, (size_t) len);
 	if(r1 != OK) return(r1);
   }
 
diff --git a/servers/mfs/read.c b/servers/mfs/read.c
index cbf70b804..dc2ebd2b2 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/read.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/read.c
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ int *completed;			/* number of bytes copied */
   if (rw_flag == READING) {
 	/* Copy a chunk from the block buffer to user space. */
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) buf_off,
-			   (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk, D);
+			   (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk);
   } else if(!block_write_ok(bp)) {
   	/* Let cache layer veto writing to this block */
   	printf("MFS: block write not allowed\n");
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ int *completed;			/* number of bytes copied */
   } else {
 	/* Copy a chunk from user space to the block buffer. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) buf_off,
-			     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk, D);
+			     (vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+off), (size_t) chunk);
 	MARKDIRTY(bp);
   }
   
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 			  r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid,
 			  		     (vir_bytes) userbuf_off, 
 					     (vir_bytes) getdents_buf,
-					     (size_t) tmpbuf_off, D);
+					     (size_t) tmpbuf_off);
 			  if (r != OK) {
 			  	put_inode(rip);
 			  	return(r);
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ int fs_getdents(void)
 
   if(tmpbuf_off != 0) {
 	  r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) userbuf_off,
-	  		     (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, (size_t) tmpbuf_off, D);
+	  		     (vir_bytes) getdents_buf, (size_t) tmpbuf_off);
 	  if (r != OK) {
 	  	put_inode(rip);
 	  	return(r);
diff --git a/servers/mfs/stadir.c b/servers/mfs/stadir.c
index 6d3d2371a..24ec94e2a 100644
--- a/servers/mfs/stadir.c
+++ b/servers/mfs/stadir.c
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static int stat_inode(
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(who_e, gid, (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &statbuf,
-  		(size_t) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+  		(size_t) sizeof(statbuf));
 
   return(r);
 }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ int fs_fstatfs()
   
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT,
-  		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st), D);
+  		     (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &st, (size_t) sizeof(st));
   
   return(r);
 }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ int fs_statvfs()
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(fs_m_in.m_source, fs_m_in.REQ_GRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) &st,
-		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(st), D);
+		     (phys_bytes) sizeof(st));
   
   return(r);
 }
diff --git a/servers/pfs/read.c b/servers/pfs/read.c
index 3c12e291e..691c0fddc 100644
--- a/servers/pfs/read.c
+++ b/servers/pfs/read.c
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ int fs_readwrite(message *fs_m_in, message *fs_m_out)
   if (rw_flag == READING) {
 	/* Copy a chunk from the block buffer to user space. */
 	r = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-		(vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+position), (size_t) nrbytes, D);
+		(vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+position), (size_t) nrbytes);
   } else {
 	/* Copy a chunk from user space to the block buffer. */
 	r = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, gid, (vir_bytes) 0,
-		(vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+position), (size_t) nrbytes, D);
+		(vir_bytes) (bp->b_data+position), (size_t) nrbytes);
   }
 
   if (r == OK) {
diff --git a/servers/pfs/stadir.c b/servers/pfs/stadir.c
index e594c3f0d..6a9fa37db 100644
--- a/servers/pfs/stadir.c
+++ b/servers/pfs/stadir.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static int stat_inode(
 
   /* Copy the struct to user space. */
   r = sys_safecopyto(who_e, gid, (vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &statbuf,
-		(size_t) sizeof(statbuf), D);
+		(size_t) sizeof(statbuf));
 
   return(r);
 }
diff --git a/servers/pfs/uds.c b/servers/pfs/uds.c
index 42cc01563..a8a4fc46d 100644
--- a/servers/pfs/uds.c
+++ b/servers/pfs/uds.c
@@ -303,8 +303,7 @@ int do_accept(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	/* Get the server's address */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un),
-		D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -424,7 +423,7 @@ int do_connect(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 				(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr,
-				sizeof(struct sockaddr_un), D);
+				sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -594,7 +593,7 @@ int do_listen(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	 * don't allow the backlog to shrink
 	 */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &backlog_size, sizeof(int), D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &backlog_size, sizeof(int));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -658,7 +657,7 @@ int do_socket(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	/* get the requested type */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(uds_fd_table[minor].type),
-		sizeof(int), D);
+		sizeof(int));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 
@@ -713,8 +712,7 @@ int do_bind(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	}
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un),
-		D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -777,7 +775,7 @@ int do_getsockname(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	 */
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(uds_fd_table[minor].addr),
-		sizeof(struct sockaddr_un), D);
+		sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -805,7 +803,7 @@ int do_getpeername(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 		rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR,
 			(cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT, (vir_bytes) 0,
 			(vir_bytes) &(uds_fd_table[peer_minor].addr),
-			sizeof(struct sockaddr_un), D);
+			sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 		return rc ? EIO : OK;
 	} else {
@@ -850,7 +848,7 @@ int do_shutdown(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	/* get the 'how' parameter from the process */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &how, sizeof(int), D);
+			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &how, sizeof(int));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -900,7 +898,7 @@ int do_socketpair_old(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	/* third ioctl param is the minor number of the second socket */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &minorin, sizeof(short), D);
+			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &minorin, sizeof(short));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -947,7 +945,7 @@ int do_socketpair(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	/* third ioctl param is the minor number of the second socket */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &minorin, sizeof(dev_t), D);
+			(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &minorin, sizeof(dev_t));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -999,7 +997,7 @@ int do_getsockopt_sotype(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(uds_fd_table[minor].type),
-		sizeof(int), D);
+		sizeof(int));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1040,7 +1038,7 @@ int do_getsockopt_peercred(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	}
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &cred, sizeof(struct ucred), D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &cred, sizeof(struct ucred));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1087,8 +1085,7 @@ int do_getsockopt_peercred_old(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	cred_old.gid = (char) cred.gid;
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &cred_old, sizeof(struct ucred_old),
-		D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &cred_old, sizeof(struct ucred_old));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1108,8 +1105,7 @@ int do_getsockopt_sndbuf(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	minor = uds_minor(dev_m_in);
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(sndbuf),
-		sizeof(size_t), D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(sndbuf), sizeof(size_t));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1131,7 +1127,7 @@ int do_setsockopt_sndbuf(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 				(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &sndbuf,
-				sizeof(size_t), D);
+				sizeof(size_t));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -1163,8 +1159,7 @@ int do_getsockopt_rcvbuf(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	minor = uds_minor(dev_m_in);
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(rcvbuf),
-		sizeof(size_t), D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(rcvbuf), sizeof(size_t));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1186,7 +1181,7 @@ int do_setsockopt_rcvbuf(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 				(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &rcvbuf,
-				sizeof(size_t), D);
+				sizeof(size_t));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -1224,8 +1219,7 @@ int do_sendto(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	}
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
-		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un),
-		D);
+		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -1263,7 +1257,7 @@ int do_recvfrom(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &(uds_fd_table[minor].source),
-		sizeof(struct sockaddr_un), D);
+		sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
@@ -1491,7 +1485,7 @@ int do_sendmsg(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 					(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &msg_ctrl,
-					sizeof(struct msg_control), D);
+					sizeof(struct msg_control));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -1580,7 +1574,7 @@ int do_recvmsg(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	 */
 	rc = sys_safecopyfrom(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 					(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &msg_ctrl,
-					sizeof(struct msg_control), D);
+					sizeof(struct msg_control));
 
 	if (rc != OK) {
 		return EIO;
@@ -1617,7 +1611,7 @@ int do_recvmsg(message *dev_m_in, message *dev_m_out)
 	/* send the user the control data */
 	rc = sys_safecopyto(VFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) dev_m_in->IO_GRANT,
 		(vir_bytes) 0, (vir_bytes) &msg_ctrl,
-		sizeof(struct msg_control), D);
+		sizeof(struct msg_control));
 
 	return rc ? EIO : OK;
 }
diff --git a/servers/vfs/main.c b/servers/vfs/main.c
index 8a319176f..04858e8a3 100644
--- a/servers/vfs/main.c
+++ b/servers/vfs/main.c
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ static int sef_cb_init_fresh(int UNUSED(type), sef_init_info_t *info)
 
   /* Map all the services in the boot image. */
   if ((s = sys_safecopyfrom(RS_PROC_NR, info->rproctab_gid, 0,
-			    (vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub), S)) != OK){
+			    (vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub))) != OK){
 	panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", s);
   }
   for (i = 0; i < NR_BOOT_PROCS; i++) {
diff --git a/servers/vfs/path.c b/servers/vfs/path.c
index 6e8c2f8df..386fae80c 100644
--- a/servers/vfs/path.c
+++ b/servers/vfs/path.c
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ size_t pathlen;
 
   rfp = &(fproc[slot]);
   r = sys_safecopyfrom(PFS_PROC_NR, io_gr, (vir_bytes) 0,
-				(vir_bytes) canon_path, pathlen, D);
+				(vir_bytes) canon_path, pathlen);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
   canon_path[pathlen] = '\0';
 
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ size_t pathlen;
 
   /* copy canon_path back to PFS */
   r = sys_safecopyto(PFS_PROC_NR, (cp_grant_id_t) io_gr, (vir_bytes) 0,
-				(vir_bytes) canon_path, pathlen, D);
+				(vir_bytes) canon_path, pathlen);
   if (r != OK) return(r);
 
   /* Now do permissions checking */
diff --git a/servers/vm/main.c b/servers/vm/main.c
index 487f1eb4e..9acc02b0c 100644
--- a/servers/vm/main.c
+++ b/servers/vm/main.c
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ static int sef_cb_init_fresh(int type, sef_init_info_t *info)
 
 	/* Map all the services in the boot image. */
 	if((s = sys_safecopyfrom(RS_PROC_NR, info->rproctab_gid, 0,
-		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub), S)) != OK) {
+		(vir_bytes) rprocpub, sizeof(rprocpub))) != OK) {
 		panic("sys_safecopyfrom failed: %d", s);
 	}
 	for(i=0;i < NR_BOOT_PROCS;i++) {
diff --git a/test/kernel/sys_vumap/vumaprelay.c b/test/kernel/sys_vumap/vumaprelay.c
index a69cf9c92..9702dc1ce 100644
--- a/test/kernel/sys_vumap/vumaprelay.c
+++ b/test/kernel/sys_vumap/vumaprelay.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static int do_request(message *m)
 	access = m->VTR_ACCESS;
 
 	r2 = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, m->VTR_VGRANT, 0, (vir_bytes) vvec,
-		sizeof(vvec[0]) * vcount, D);
+		sizeof(vvec[0]) * vcount);
 	assert(r2 == OK);
 
 	r = sys_vumap(m->m_source, vvec, vcount, offset, access, pvec,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static int do_request(message *m)
 
 	if (pcount >= 1 && pcount <= MAPVEC_NR + 3) {
 		r2 = sys_safecopyto(m->m_source, m->VTR_PGRANT, 0,
-			(vir_bytes) pvec, sizeof(pvec[0]) * pcount, D);
+			(vir_bytes) pvec, sizeof(pvec[0]) * pcount);
 		assert(r2 == OK);
 	}
 
diff --git a/test/safecopy/requestor.c b/test/safecopy/requestor.c
index 7f4750847..4c1ef9b68 100644
--- a/test/safecopy/requestor.c
+++ b/test/safecopy/requestor.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ int test(size_t size)
 
 	/* Timing. */
 	read_tsc(&high1, &low1);
-	r = sys_safecopyfrom(ep_granter, gid, 0, (long)buf, size, D);
+	r = sys_safecopyfrom(ep_granter, gid, 0, (long)buf, size);
 	read_tsc(&high2, &low2);
 	if(r != OK) {
 		printf("REQUESTOR: error in safecopy: %d\n", r);
diff --git a/test/safemap/requestor.c b/test/safemap/requestor.c
index a82300ed2..e4159bed7 100644
--- a/test/safemap/requestor.c
+++ b/test/safemap/requestor.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/* Test COW_SMAP2 (with COW safecopy). */
 	FIFO_WAIT(fid_get);
 	buf[0] = BUF_START_REQUESTOR;
-	r = sys_safecopyto(ep_granter, gid, 0, (long)buf, size, D);
+	r = sys_safecopyto(ep_granter, gid, 0, (long)buf, size);
 	if(r != OK) {
 		printf("REQUESTOR: error in sys_safecopyto: %d\n", r);
 		return 1;
diff --git a/test/safeperf/requestor.c b/test/safeperf/requestor.c
index 8b193ee5d..bbb9642c7 100644
--- a/test/safeperf/requestor.c
+++ b/test/safeperf/requestor.c
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		for(i=0;i<NR_TEST_ITERATIONS;i++) {
 			read_tsc_64(&start);
 			r = sys_safecopyfrom(ep_granter, gid, 0, (long)buf,
-				nr_pages*CLICK_SIZE, D);
+				nr_pages*CLICK_SIZE);
 			if(r != OK) {
 				printf("REQUESTOR: safecopy error: %d\n", r);
 				return 1;