minix/commands/sort/sort.c

/* sort - sort a file of lines		Author: Michiel Huisjes */

/* SYNOPSIS:
 * 	sort [-funbirdcmt'x'] [+beg_pos[opts] [-end_pos]] [-o outfile] [file]..
 *
 * 	[opts] can be any of
 * 	-f : Fold upper case to lower.
 * 	-n : Sort to numeric value (optional decimal point) implies -b
 * 	-b : Skip leading blanks
 * 	-i : Ignore chars outside ASCII range (040 - 0176)
 * 	-r : Reverse the sense of comparisons.
 * 	-d : Sort to dictionary order. Only letters, digits, comma's and points
 * 	     are compared.
 * 	If any of these flags are used in [opts], then they override all global
 * 	ordering for this field.
 *
 * 	I/O control flags are:
 * 	-u : Print uniq lines only once.
 * 	-c : Check if files are sorted in order.
 * 	-m : Merge already sorted files.
 * 	-o outfile : Name of output file. (Can be one of the input files).
 * 		     Default is stdout.
 * 	- : Take stdin as input.
 *
 * 	Fields:
 * 	-t'x' : Field separating character is 'x'
 * 	+a.b : Start comparing at field 'a' with offset 'b'. A missing 'b' is
 * 	       taken to be 0.
 * 	-a.b : Stop comparing at field 'a' with offset 'b'. A missing 'b' is
 * 	       taken to be 0.
 * 	A missing -a.b means the rest of the line.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define OPEN_FILES	(OPEN_MAX-4)	/* Nr of open files per process */
#if __minix_vmd
#define MEMORY_SIZE	(1024 * 1024)
#else
#define MEMORY_SIZE	((10 * sizeof(int)) * 1024)
#endif
					/* Total mem_size */
#define LINE_SIZE	(1024 >> 1)	/* Max length of a line */
#define IO_SIZE		(2 * 1024)	/* Size of buffered output */
#define STD_OUT		 1	/* Fd of terminal */

/* Return status of functions */
#define OK		 0
#define ERROR		-1

/* Compare return values */
#define LOWER		-1
#define SAME		 0
#define HIGHER		 1

/* Table definitions. */
#define DICT		0x001	/* Alpha, numeric, letters and . */
#define ASCII		0x002	/* All between ' ' and '~' */
#define BLANK		0x004	/* ' ' and '\t' */
#define DIGIT		0x008	/* 0-9 */
#define UPPER		0x010	/* A-Z */

typedef int BOOL;

#define	FALSE	0
#define	TRUE	1

typedef struct {
  int fd;			/* Fd of file */
  char *buffer;			/* Buffer for reads */
  int read_chars;		/* Nr of chars actually read in buffer */
  int cnt;			/* Nr of chars taken out of buffer */
  char *line;			/* Contains line currently used */
} MERGE;

MERGE merge_f[OPEN_FILES];	/* Merge structs */
int buf_size;			/* Size of core available for each struct */

#define FIELDS_LIMIT	10	/* 1 global + 9 user */
#define GLOBAL		 0

typedef struct {
  int beg_field, beg_pos;	/* Begin field + offset */
  int end_field, end_pos;	/* End field + offset. ERROR == EOLN */
  BOOL reverse;			/* TRUE if rev. flag set on this field */
  BOOL blanks;
  BOOL dictionary;
  BOOL fold_case;
  BOOL ascii;
  BOOL numeric;
} FIELD;

/* Field declarations. A total of FILEDS_LIMIT is allowed */
FIELD fields[FIELDS_LIMIT];
int field_cnt;			/* Nr of field actually assigned */

/* Various output control flags */
BOOL check = FALSE;
BOOL only_merge = FALSE;
BOOL uniq = FALSE;

char *mem_top;			/* Mem_top points to lowest pos of memory. */
char *cur_pos;			/* First free position in mem */
char **line_table;		/* Pointer to the internal line table */
BOOL in_core = TRUE;		/* Set if input cannot all be sorted in core */

 /* Place where temp_files should be made */
char temp_files[] = "/tmp/sort.XXXXX.XX";
char *output_file;		/* Name of output file */
int out_fd;			/* Fd to output file (could be STD_OUT) */
char out_buffer[IO_SIZE];	/* For buffered output */

char **argptr;			/* Pointer to argv structure */
int args_offset;		/* Nr of args spilled on options */
int args_limit;			/* Nr of args given */

char separator;			/* Char that separates fields */
int nr_of_files = 0;		/* Nr_of_files to be merged */
int disabled;			/* Nr of files done */

char USAGE[] = "Usage: sort [-funbirdcmt'x'] [+beg_pos [-end_pos]] [-o outfile] [file] ..";

/* Forward declarations */
_PROTOTYPE(int main, (int argc, char **argv));
_PROTOTYPE(void get_opts, (char *ptr, FIELD * field));
_PROTOTYPE(void new_field, (FIELD * field, int *offset, BOOL beg_fl));
_PROTOTYPE(void adjust_options, (FIELD * field));
_PROTOTYPE(void error, (BOOL quit, char *message, char *arg));
_PROTOTYPE(void open_outfile, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void get_file, (int fd, off_t size));
_PROTOTYPE(int last_line, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void print_table, (int fd));
_PROTOTYPE(char *file_name, (int nr));
_PROTOTYPE(void mread, (int fd, char *address, int bytes));
_PROTOTYPE(void mwrite, (int fd, char *address, int bytes));
_PROTOTYPE(void sort, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void sort_table, (int nel));
_PROTOTYPE(void incr, (int si, int ei));
_PROTOTYPE(int cmp_fields, (char *el1, char *el2));
_PROTOTYPE(void build_field, (char *dest, FIELD * field, char *src));
_PROTOTYPE(char *skip_fields, (char *str, int nf));
_PROTOTYPE(int compare, (char *el1, char *el2));
_PROTOTYPE(int cmp, (unsigned char *el1, unsigned char *el2, FIELD * field));
_PROTOTYPE(int digits, (char *str1, char *str2, BOOL check_sign));
_PROTOTYPE(void files_merge, (int file_cnt));
_PROTOTYPE(void merge, (int start_file, int limit_file));
_PROTOTYPE(void put_line, (char *line));
_PROTOTYPE(MERGE * print, (MERGE * merg, int file_cnt));
_PROTOTYPE(int read_line, (MERGE * merg));
_PROTOTYPE(MERGE * skip_lines, (MERGE * smallest, int file_cnt));
_PROTOTYPE(void uniq_lines, (MERGE * merg));
_PROTOTYPE(void check_file, (int fd, char *file));
_PROTOTYPE(int length, (char *line));
_PROTOTYPE(void copy, (char *dest, char *src));
_PROTOTYPE(char *msbrk, (int size));
_PROTOTYPE(void mbrk, (char *address));
_PROTOTYPE(void catch, (int dummy));

/* Table of all chars. 0 means no special meaning. */
char table[256] = {
/* '^@' to space */
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, BLANK | DICT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* Space to '0' */
       BLANK | DICT | ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII,
	   ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII,
	   ASCII, ASCII,

/* '0' until '9' */
     DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII,
     DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII,
     DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII, DIGIT | DICT | ASCII,
	   DIGIT | DICT | ASCII,

/* ASCII from ':' to '@' */
	   ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII,

/* Upper case letters 'A' to 'Z' */
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
     UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,
	   UPPER | DICT | ASCII, UPPER | DICT | ASCII,

/* ASCII from '[' to '`' */
	   ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII,

/* Lower case letters from 'a' to 'z' */
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,
	   DICT | ASCII, DICT | ASCII,

/* ASCII from '{' to '~' */
	   ASCII, ASCII, ASCII, ASCII,

/* Stuff from -1 to -177 */
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};


/*
 * Get_opts () assigns the options into the field structure as described in ptr.
 * This field structure could be the GLOBAL one.
 */
void get_opts(ptr, field)
register char *ptr;
register FIELD *field;
{
  switch (*ptr) {
      case 'b':			/* Skip leading blanks */
	field->blanks = TRUE;
	break;
      case 'd':			/* Dictionary order */
	field->dictionary = TRUE;
	break;
      case 'f':			/* Fold upper case to lower */
	field->fold_case = TRUE;
	break;
      case 'i':			/* Skip chars outside ' ' '~' */
	field->ascii = TRUE;
	break;
      case 'n':			/* Sort on numeric */
	field->numeric = TRUE;
	field->blanks = TRUE;
	break;
      case 'r':			/* Reverse comparisons */
	field->reverse = TRUE;
	break;
      default:			/* Illegal options */
	error(TRUE, USAGE, NULL);
  }
}

/* New_field () assigns a new field as described by the arguments.
 * A field description is of the form: +a.b[opts] -c.d, where b and d, as well
 * as -c.d and [opts] are optional. Nr before digit is field nr. Nr after digit
 * is offset from field.
 */
void new_field(field, offset, beg_fl)
register FIELD *field;		/* Field to assign */
int *offset;			/* Offset in argv structure */
BOOL beg_fl;			/* Assign beg or end of field */
{
  register char *ptr;

  ptr = argptr[*offset];
  *offset += 1;			/* Incr offset to next arg */
  ptr++;

  if (beg_fl)
	field->beg_field = atoi(ptr);	/* Assign int of first field */
  else
	field->end_field = atoi(ptr);

  while (table[*ptr] & DIGIT)	/* Skip all digits */
	ptr++;

  if (*ptr == '.') {		/* Check for offset */
	ptr++;
	if (beg_fl)
		field->beg_pos = atoi(ptr);
	else
		field->end_pos = atoi(ptr);
	while (table[*ptr] & DIGIT)	/* Skip digits */
		ptr++;
  }
  if (beg_fl) {
	while (*ptr != '\0')	/* Check options after field */
		get_opts(ptr++, field);
  }
  if (beg_fl) {			/* Check for end pos */
	ptr = argptr[*offset];
	if (ptr && *ptr == '-' && ((table[*(ptr + 1)] & DIGIT) || *(ptr + 1) == '.')) {
		new_field(field, offset, FALSE);
		if (field->beg_field > field->end_field)
			error(TRUE, "End field is before start field!", NULL);
	} else			/* No end pos. */
		field->end_field = ERROR;
  }
}

int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
  int arg_count = 1;		/* Offset in argv */
  struct stat st;
  register char *ptr;		/* Ptr to *argv in use */
  register int fd;
  int pid, pow;

  argptr = argv;
  cur_pos = mem_top = msbrk(MEMORY_SIZE);	/* Find lowest mem. location */

  while (arg_count < argc && ((ptr = argv[arg_count])[0] == '-' || *ptr == '+')) {
	if (*ptr == '-' && *(ptr + 1) == '\0')	/* "-" means stdin */
		break;
	if (*ptr == '+') {	/* Assign field. */
		if (++field_cnt == FIELDS_LIMIT)
			error(TRUE, "Too many fields", NULL);
		new_field(&fields[field_cnt], &arg_count, TRUE);
	} else {		/* Get output options */
		while (*++ptr) {
			switch (*ptr) {
			    case 'c':	/* Only check file */
				check = TRUE;
				break;
			    case 'm':	/* Merge (sorted) files */
				only_merge = TRUE;
				break;
			    case 'u':	/* Only give uniq lines */
				uniq = TRUE;
				break;
			    case 'o':	/* Name of output file */
				output_file = argv[++arg_count];
				break;
			    case 't':	/* Field separator */
				ptr++;
				separator = *ptr;
				break;
			    default:	/* Sort options */
				get_opts(ptr, &fields[GLOBAL]);
			}
		}
		arg_count++;
	}
  }

  for (fd = 1; fd <= field_cnt; fd++) adjust_options(&fields[fd]);

/* Create name of tem_files 'sort.pid.aa' */
  ptr = &temp_files[10];
  pid = getpid();
  pow = 10000;
  while (pow != 0) {
	*ptr++ = pid / pow + '0';
	pid %= pow;
	pow /= 10;
  }

  signal(SIGINT, catch);

/* Only merge files. Set up */
  if (only_merge) {
	args_limit = args_offset = arg_count;
	while (argv[args_limit] != NULL)
		args_limit++;	/* Find nr of args */
	files_merge(args_limit - arg_count);
	exit(0);
  }
  if (arg_count == argc) {	/* No args left. Use stdin */
	if (check)
		check_file(0, NULL);
	else
		get_file(0, (off_t) 0);
  } else
	while (arg_count < argc) {	/* Sort or check args */
		if (strcmp(argv[arg_count], "-") == 0)
			fd = 0;
		else if (stat(argv[arg_count], &st) < 0) {
			error(FALSE, "Cannot find ", argv[arg_count++]);
			continue;
		}

		/* Open files */
		else if ((fd = open(argv[arg_count], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
			error(FALSE, "Cannot open ", argv[arg_count++]);
			continue;
		}
		if (check)
			check_file(fd, argv[arg_count]);
		else		/* Get_file reads whole file */
			get_file(fd, st.st_size);
		arg_count++;
	}

  if (check) exit(0);

  sort();			/* Sort whatever is left */

  if (nr_of_files == 1)		/* Only one file sorted -> don't merge */
	exit(0);

  files_merge(nr_of_files);
  return(0);
}

/* Adjust_options() assigns all global variables set also in the fields
 * assigned.
 */
void adjust_options(field)
register FIELD *field;
{
  register FIELD *gfield = &fields[GLOBAL];

  if (gfield->reverse) field->reverse = TRUE;
  if (gfield->blanks) field->blanks = TRUE;
  if (gfield->dictionary) field->dictionary = TRUE;
  if (gfield->fold_case) field->fold_case = TRUE;
  if (gfield->ascii) field->ascii = TRUE;
  if (gfield->numeric) field->numeric = TRUE;
}

/* Error () prints the error message on stderr and exits if quit == TRUE. */
void error(quit, message, arg)
register BOOL quit;
register char *message, *arg;
{
  write(2, message, strlen(message));
  if (arg != NULL) write(2, arg, strlen(arg));
  perror(" ");
  if (quit) exit(1);
}

/* Open_outfile () assigns to out_fd the fd where the output must go when all
 * the sorting is done.
 */
void open_outfile()
{
  if (output_file == NULL)
	out_fd = STD_OUT;
  else if ((out_fd = creat(output_file, 0644)) < 0)
	error(TRUE, "Cannot creat ", output_file);
}

/* Get_file reads the whole file of filedescriptor fd. If the file is too big
 * to keep in core, a partial sort is done, and the output is stashed somewhere.
 */
void get_file(fd, size)
int fd;				/* Fd of file to read */
register off_t size;		/* Size of file */
{
  register int i;
  int rest;			/* Rest in memory */
  char save_ch;			/* Used in stdin readings */

  rest = MEMORY_SIZE - (cur_pos - mem_top);
  if (fd == 0) {		/* We're reding stdin */
	while ((i = read(0, cur_pos, rest)) > 0) {
		if ((cur_pos - mem_top) + i == MEMORY_SIZE) {
			in_core = FALSE;
			i = last_line();	/* End of last line */
			save_ch = mem_top[i];
			mem_top[i] = '\0';
			sort();	/* Sort core */
			mem_top[i] = save_ch;	/* Restore erased char */
			/* Restore last (half read) line */
			for (rest = 0; i + rest != MEMORY_SIZE; rest++)
				mem_top[rest] = mem_top[i + rest];
			/* Assign current pos. in memory */
			cur_pos = &mem_top[rest];
		} else {	/* Fits, just assign position in mem. */
			cur_pos = cur_pos + i;
			*cur_pos = '\0';
		}

		/* Calculate rest of mem */
		rest = MEMORY_SIZE - (cur_pos - mem_top);
	}
  }

  /* Reading file. Check size */
  else if (size > rest) {	/* Won't fit */
	mread(fd, cur_pos, rest);
	in_core = FALSE;
	i = last_line();	/* Get pos. of last line */
	mem_top[i] = '\0';	/* Truncate */
	(void) lseek(fd, (off_t) (i - MEMORY_SIZE), SEEK_CUR);	/* Do this next time */
	size = size - rest - i + MEMORY_SIZE;	/* Calculate rest */
	cur_pos = mem_top;	/* Reset mem */
	sort();			/* Sort core */
	get_file(fd, size);	/* Get rest of file */
  } else {			/* Fits. Just read in */
	rest = size;
	mread(fd, cur_pos, rest);
	cur_pos = cur_pos + rest;	/* Reassign cur_pos */
	*cur_pos = '\0';
	(void) close(fd);	/* File completed */
  }
}

/* Last_line () find the last line in core and retuns the offset from the top
 * of the memory.
 */
int last_line()
{
  register int i;

  for (i = MEMORY_SIZE - 2; i > 0; i--)
	if (mem_top[i] == '\n') break;
  return i + 1;
}

/* Print_table prints the line table in the given file_descriptor. If the fd
 * equals ERROR, it opens a temp_file itself.
 */
void print_table(fd)
int fd;
{
  register char **line_ptr;	/* Ptr in line_table */
  register char *ptr;		/* Ptr to line */
  int index = 0;		/* Index in output buffer */

  if (fd == ERROR) {
	if ((fd = creat(file_name(nr_of_files), 0644)) < 0)
		error(TRUE, "Cannot creat ", file_name(nr_of_files));
  }
  for (line_ptr = line_table; *line_ptr != NULL; line_ptr++) {
	ptr = *line_ptr;
	/* Skip all same lines if uniq is set */
	if (uniq && *(line_ptr + 1) != NULL) {
		if (compare(ptr, *(line_ptr + 1)) == SAME) continue;
	}
	do {			/* Print line in a buffered way */
		out_buffer[index++] = *ptr;
		if (index == IO_SIZE) {
			mwrite(fd, out_buffer, IO_SIZE);
			index = 0;
		}
	} while (*ptr++ != '\n');
  }
  mwrite(fd, out_buffer, index);/* Flush buffer */
  (void) close(fd);		/* Close file */
  nr_of_files++;		/* Increment nr_of_files to merge */
}

/* File_name () returns the nr argument from the argument list, or a uniq
 * filename if the nr is too high, or the arguments were not merge files.
 */
char *file_name(nr)
register int nr;
{
  if (only_merge) {
	if (args_offset + nr < args_limit) return argptr[args_offset + nr];
  }
  temp_files[16] = nr / 26 + 'a';
  temp_files[17] = nr % 26 + 'a';

  return temp_files;
}

/* Mread () performs a normal read (), but checks the return value. */
void mread(fd, address, bytes)
int fd;
char *address;
register int bytes;
{
  if (read(fd, address, bytes) < 0 && bytes != 0)
	error(TRUE, "Read error", NULL);
}

/* Mwrite () performs a normal write (), but checks the return value. */
void mwrite(fd, address, bytes)
int fd;
char *address;
register int bytes;
{
  if (write(fd, address, bytes) != bytes && bytes != 0)
	error(TRUE, "Write error", NULL);
}

/* Sort () sorts the input in memory starting at mem_top. */
void sort()
{
  register char *ptr = mem_top;
  register int count = 0;

/* Count number of lines in memory */
  while (*ptr) {
	if (*ptr++ == '\n') count++;
  }

/* Set up the line table */
  line_table = (char **) msbrk(count * sizeof(char *) + sizeof(char *));

  count = 1;
  ptr = line_table[0] = mem_top;
  while (*ptr) {
	if (*ptr++ == '\n') line_table[count++] = ptr;
  }

  line_table[count - 1] = NULL;

/* Sort the line table */
  sort_table(count - 1);

/* Stash output somewhere */
  if (in_core) {
	open_outfile();
	print_table(out_fd);
  } else
	print_table(ERROR);

/* Free line table */
  mbrk((char *) line_table);
}

/* Sort_table () sorts the line table consisting of nel elements. */
void sort_table(nel)
register int nel;
{
  char *tmp;
  register int i;

  /* Make heap */
  for (i = (nel >> 1); i >= 1; i--) incr(i, nel);

  /* Sort from heap */
  for (i = nel; i > 1; i--) {
	tmp = line_table[0];
	line_table[0] = line_table[i - 1];
	line_table[i - 1] = tmp;
	incr(1, i - 1);
  }
}

/* Incr () increments the heap. */
void incr(si, ei)
register int si, ei;
{
  char *tmp;

  while (si <= (ei >> 1)) {
	si <<= 1;
	if (si + 1 <= ei && compare(line_table[si - 1], line_table[si]) <= 0)
		si++;
	if (compare(line_table[(si >> 1) - 1], line_table[si - 1]) >= 0)
		return;
	tmp = line_table[(si >> 1) - 1];
	line_table[(si >> 1) - 1] = line_table[si - 1];
	line_table[si - 1] = tmp;
  }
}

/* Cmp_fields builds new lines out of the lines pointed to by el1 and el2 and
 * puts it into the line1 and line2 arrays. It then calls the cmp () routine
 * with the field describing the arguments.
 */
int cmp_fields(el1, el2)
register char *el1, *el2;
{
  int i, ret;
  char line1[LINE_SIZE], line2[LINE_SIZE];

  for (i = 0; i < field_cnt; i++) {	/* Setup line parts */
	build_field(line1, &fields[i + 1], el1);
	build_field(line2, &fields[i + 1], el2);
	if ((ret = cmp((unsigned char *) line1, (unsigned char *) line2,
		       &fields[i + 1])) != SAME)
		break;		/* If equal, try next field */
  }

/* Check for reverse flag */
  if (i != field_cnt && fields[i + 1].reverse) return -ret;

/* Else return the last return value of cmp () */
  return ret;
}

/* Build_field builds a new line from the src as described by the field.
 * The result is put in dest.
 */
void build_field(dest, field, src)
char *dest;			/* Holds result */
register FIELD *field;		/* Field description */
register char *src;		/* Source line */
{
  char *begin = src;		/* Remember start location */
  char *last;			/* Pointer to end location */
  int i;

/* Skip begin fields */
  src = skip_fields(src, field->beg_field);

/* Skip begin positions */
  for (i = 0; i < field->beg_pos && *src != '\n'; i++) src++;

/* Copy whatever is left */
  copy(dest, src);

/* If end field is assigned truncate (perhaps) the part copied */
  if (field->end_field != ERROR) {	/* Find last field */
	last = skip_fields(begin, field->end_field);
/* Skip positions as given by end fields description */
	for (i = 0; i < field->end_pos && *last != '\n'; i++) last++;
	dest[last - src] = '\n';/* Truncate line */
  }
}

/* Skip_fields () skips nf fields of the line pointed to by str. */
char *skip_fields(str, nf)
register char *str;
int nf;
{
  while (nf-- > 0) {
	if (separator == '\0') {/* Means ' ' or '\t' */
		while (*str != ' ' && *str != '\t' && *str != '\n') str++;
		while (table[*str] & BLANK) str++;
	} else {
		while (*str != separator && *str != '\n') str++;
		if (*str == separator) str++;
	}
  }
  return str;			/* Return pointer to indicated field */
}

/* Compare is called by all sorting routines. It checks if fields assignments
 * has been made. if so, it calls cmp_fields (). If not, it calls cmp () and
 * reversed the return value if the (global) reverse flag is set.
 */
int compare(el1, el2)
register char *el1, *el2;
{
  int ret;

  if (field_cnt > GLOBAL) return cmp_fields(el1, el2);

  ret = cmp((unsigned char *) el1, (unsigned char *) el2, &fields[GLOBAL]);
  return(fields[GLOBAL].reverse) ? -ret : ret;
}

/* Cmp () is the actual compare routine. It compares according to the
 * description given in the field pointer.
 */
int cmp(el1, el2, field)
register unsigned char *el1, *el2;
FIELD *field;
{
  int c1, c2;

  if (field->blanks) {		/* Skip leading blanks */
	while (table[*el1] & BLANK) el1++;
	while (table[*el2] & BLANK) el2++;
  }
  if (field->numeric)		/* Compare numeric */
	return digits((char *) el1, (char *) el2, TRUE);

  for (;;) {
	while (*el1 == *el2) {
		if (*el1++ == '\n')	/* EOLN on both strings */
			return SAME;
		el2++;
	}
	if (*el1 == '\n')	/* EOLN on string one */
		return LOWER;
	if (*el2 == '\n') return HIGHER;
	if (field->ascii) {	/* Skip chars outside 040 - 0177 */
		if ((table[*el1] & ASCII) == 0) {
			do {
				el1++;
			} while ((table[*el1] & ASCII) == 0);
			continue;
		}
		if ((table[*el2] & ASCII) == 0) {
			do {
				el2++;
			} while ((table[*el2] & ASCII) == 0);
			continue;
		}
	}
	if (field->dictionary) {/* Skip non-dict chars */
		if ((table[*el1] & DICT) == 0) {
			do {
				el1++;
			} while ((table[*el1] & DICT) == 0);
			continue;
		}
		if ((table[*el2] & DICT) == 0) {
			do {
				el2++;
			} while ((table[*el2] & DICT) == 0);
			continue;
		}
	}
	if (field->fold_case) {	/* Fold upper case to lower */
		if (table[c1 = *el1++] & UPPER) c1 += 'a' - 'A';
		if (table[c2 = *el2++] & UPPER) c2 += 'a' - 'A';
		if (c1 == c2) continue;
		return c1 - c2;
	}
	return *el1 - *el2;
  }

  /* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * Digits compares () the two strings that point to a number of digits followed
 * by an optional decimal point.
 */
int digits(str1, str2, check_sign)
register char *str1, *str2;
BOOL check_sign;		/* True if sign must be checked */
{
  BOOL negative = FALSE;	/* True if negative numbers */
  int diff, pow, ret;

/* Check for optional minus or plus sign */
  if (check_sign) {
	if (*str1 == '-') {
		negative = TRUE;
		str1++;
	} else if (*str1 == '+')
		str1++;

	if (*str2 == '-') {
		if (negative == FALSE) return HIGHER;
		str2++;
	} else if (negative)
		return LOWER;
	else if (*str2 == '+')
		str2++;
  }

/* Keep incrementing as long as digits are available and equal */
  while ((table[*str1] & DIGIT) && table[*str2] & DIGIT) {
	if (*str1 != *str2) break;
	str1++;
	str2++;
  }

/* First check for the decimal point. */
  if (*str1 == '.' || *str2 == '.') {
	if (*str1 == '.') {
		if (*str2 == '.')	/* Both. Check decimal part */
			ret = digits(str1 + 1, str2 + 1, FALSE);
		else
			ret = (table[*str2] & DIGIT) ? LOWER : HIGHER;
	} else
		ret = (table[*str1] & DIGIT) ? HIGHER : LOWER;
  }

/* Now either two digits differ, or unknown char is seen (e.g. end of string) */
  else if ((table[*str1] & DIGIT) && (table[*str2] & DIGIT)) {
	diff = *str1 - *str2;	/* Basic difference */
	pow = 0;		/* Check power of numbers */
	while (table[*str1++] & DIGIT) pow++;
	while (table[*str2++] & DIGIT) pow--;
	ret = (pow == 0) ? diff : pow;
  }

/* Unknown char. Check on which string it occurred */
  else {
	if ((table[*str1] & DIGIT) == 0)
		ret = (table[*str2] & DIGIT) ? LOWER : SAME;
	else
		ret = HIGHER;
  }

/* Reverse sense of comparisons if negative is true. (-1000 < -1) */
  return(negative) ? -ret : ret;
}

/* Files_merge () merges all files as indicated by nr_of_files. Merging goes
 * in numbers of files that can be opened at the same time. (OPEN_FILES)
 */
void files_merge(file_cnt)
register int file_cnt;		/* Nr_of_files to merge */
{
  register int i;
  int limit;

  for (i = 0; i < file_cnt; i += OPEN_FILES) {
	/* Merge last files and store in output file */
	if ((limit = i + OPEN_FILES) >= file_cnt) {
		open_outfile();
		limit = file_cnt;
	} else {		/* Merge OPEN_FILES files and store in temp
			 * file */
		temp_files[16] = file_cnt / 26 + 'a';
		temp_files[17] = file_cnt % 26 + 'a';
		if ((out_fd = creat(temp_files, 0644)) < 0)
			error(TRUE, "Cannot creat ", temp_files);
		file_cnt++;
	}
	merge(i, limit);
  }

/* Cleanup mess */
  i = (only_merge) ? args_limit - args_offset : 0;
  while (i < file_cnt) (void) unlink(file_name(i++));
}

/* Merge () merges the files between start_file and limit_file. */
void merge(start_file, limit_file)
int start_file, limit_file;
{
  register MERGE *smallest;	/* Keeps track of smallest line */
  register int i;
  int file_cnt = limit_file - start_file;	/* Nr of files to merge */

/* Calculate size in core available for file_cnt merge structs */
  buf_size = MEMORY_SIZE / file_cnt - LINE_SIZE;

  mbrk(mem_top);		/* First reset mem to lowest loc. */
  disabled = 0;			/* All files not done yet */

/* Set up merge structures. */
  for (i = start_file; i < limit_file; i++) {
	smallest = &merge_f[i - start_file];
	if (!strcmp(file_name(i), "-"))	/* File is stdin */
		smallest->fd = 0;
	else if ((smallest->fd = open(file_name(i), O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		smallest->fd = ERROR;
		error(FALSE, "Cannot open ", file_name(i));
		disabled++;	/* Done this file */
		continue;
	}
	smallest->buffer = msbrk(buf_size);
	smallest->line = msbrk(LINE_SIZE);
	smallest->cnt = smallest->read_chars = 0;
	(void) read_line(smallest);	/* Read first line */
  }

  if (disabled == file_cnt) {	/* Couldn't open files */
	(void) close(out_fd);
	return;
  }

/* Find a merg struct to assign smallest. */
  for (i = 0; i < file_cnt; i++) {
	if (merge_f[i].fd != ERROR) {
		smallest = &merge_f[i];
		break;
	}
  }

/* Loop until all files minus one are done */
  while (disabled < file_cnt - 1) {
	if (uniq)		/* Skip all same lines */
		smallest = skip_lines(smallest, file_cnt);
	else {			/* Find smallest line */
		for (i = 0; i < file_cnt; i++) {
			if (merge_f[i].fd == ERROR)
				continue;	/* We've had this one */
			if (compare(merge_f[i].line, smallest->line) < 0)
				smallest = &merge_f[i];
		}
	}			/* Print line and read next */
	smallest = print(smallest, file_cnt);
  }

  if (only_merge && uniq)
	uniq_lines(smallest);	/* Print only uniq lines */
  else				/* Print rest of file */
	while (print(smallest, file_cnt) != NULL);

  put_line(NULL);		/* Flush output buffer */
}

/* Put_line () prints the line into the out_fd filedescriptor. If line equals
 * NULL, the out_fd is flushed and closed.
 */
void put_line(line)
register char *line;
{
  static int index = 0;		/* Index in out_buffer */

  if (line == NULL) {	/* Flush and close */
	mwrite(out_fd, out_buffer, index);
	index = 0;
	(void) close(out_fd);
	return;
  }
  do {				/* Fill out_buffer with line */
	out_buffer[index++] = *line;
	if (index == IO_SIZE) {
		mwrite(out_fd, out_buffer, IO_SIZE);
		index = 0;
	}
  } while (*line++ != '\n');
}

/*
 * Print () prints the line of the merg structure and tries to read another one.
 * If this fails, it returns the next merg structure which file_descriptor is
 * still open. If none could be found, a NIL structure is returned.
 */
MERGE *print(merg, file_cnt)
register MERGE *merg;
int file_cnt;			/* Nr of files that are being merged */
{
  register int i;

  put_line(merg->line);		/* Print the line */

  if (read_line(merg) == ERROR) {	/* Read next line */
	for (i = 0; i < file_cnt; i++) {
		if (merge_f[i].fd != ERROR) {
			merg = &merge_f[i];
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i == file_cnt)	/* No more files left */
		return NULL;
  }
  return merg;
}

/* Read_line () reads a line from the fd from the merg struct. If the read
 * failed, disabled is incremented and the file is closed. Readings are
 * done in buf_size bytes.
 * Lines longer than LINE_SIZE are silently truncated.
 */
int read_line(merg)
register MERGE *merg;
{
  register char *ptr = merg->line - 1;	/* Ptr buf that will hold line */

  do {
	ptr++;
	if (merg->cnt == merg->read_chars) {	/* Read new buffer */
		if ((merg->read_chars =
		     read(merg->fd, merg->buffer, buf_size)) <= 0) {
			(void) close(merg->fd);	/* OOPS */
			merg->fd = ERROR;
			disabled++;
			return ERROR;
		}
		merg->cnt = 0;
	}
	*ptr = merg->buffer[merg->cnt++];	/* Assign next char of line */
	if (ptr - merg->line == LINE_SIZE - 1)
		*ptr = '\n';	/* Truncate very long lines */
  } while (*ptr != '\n' && *ptr != '\0');

  if (*ptr == '\0')		/* Add '\n' to last line */
	*ptr = '\n';
  *++ptr = '\0';		/* Add '\0' */
  return OK;
}

/* Skip_lines () skips all same lines in all the files currently being merged.
 * It returns a pointer to the merge struct containing the smallest line.
 */
MERGE *skip_lines(smallest, file_cnt)
register MERGE *smallest;
int file_cnt;
{
  register int i;
  int ret;

  if (disabled == file_cnt - 1)	/* We've had all */
	return smallest;

  for (i = 0; i < file_cnt; i++) {
	if (merge_f[i].fd == ERROR || smallest == &merge_f[i])
		continue;	/* Don't check same file */
	while ((ret = compare(merge_f[i].line, smallest->line)) == 0) {
		if (read_line(&merge_f[i]) == ERROR) break;	/* EOF */
	}
	if (ret < 0)		/* Line wasn't smallest. Try again */
		return skip_lines(&merge_f[i], file_cnt);
  }
  return smallest;
}

/* Uniq_lines () prints only the uniq lines out of the fd of the merg struct. */
void uniq_lines(merg)
register MERGE *merg;
{
  char lastline[LINE_SIZE];	/* Buffer to hold last line */

  for (;;) {
	put_line(merg->line);	/* Print this line */
	copy(lastline, merg->line);	/* and save it */
	if (read_line(merg) == ERROR)	/* Read the next */
		return;
	/* Keep reading until lines duffer */
	while (compare(lastline, merg->line) == SAME)
		if (read_line(merg) == ERROR) return;
  }

  /* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * Check_file () checks if a file is sorted in order according to the arguments
 * given in main ().
 */
void check_file(fd, file)
int fd;
char *file;
{
  register MERGE *merg;		/* 1 file only */
  char lastline[LINE_SIZE];	/* Save last line */
  register int ret;		/* ret status of compare */

  if (fd == 0) file = "stdin";
  merg = (MERGE *) mem_top;	/* Assign MERGE structure */
  merg->buffer = mem_top + sizeof(MERGE);
  merg->line = msbrk(LINE_SIZE);
  merg->cnt = merg->read_chars = 0;
  merg->fd = fd;
  buf_size = MEMORY_SIZE - sizeof(MERGE);

  if (read_line(merg) == ERROR)	/* Read first line */
	return;
  copy(lastline, merg->line);	/* and save it */

  for (;;) {
	if (read_line(merg) == ERROR)	/* EOF reached */
		break;
	if ((ret = compare(lastline, merg->line)) > 0) {
		error(FALSE, "Disorder in file ", file);
		write(2, merg->line, length(merg->line));
		break;
	} else if (ret < 0)	/* Copy if lines not equal */
		copy(lastline, merg->line);
	else if (uniq) {
		error(FALSE, "Non uniq line in file ", file);
		write(2, merg->line, length(merg->line));
		break;
	}
  }

  mbrk(mem_top);		/* Reset mem */
}

/* Length () returns the length of the argument line including the linefeed. */
int length(line)
register char *line;
{
  register int i = 1;		/* Add linefeed */

  while (*line++ != '\n') i++;
  return i;
}

/* Copy () copies the src line into the dest line including linefeed. */
void copy(dest, src)
register char *dest, *src;
{
  while ((*dest++ = *src++) != '\n');
}

/* Msbrk() does a sbrk() and checks the return value. */
char *msbrk(size)
register int size;
{
  register char *address;

  if ((address = sbrk(size)) == (char *) -1)
	error(TRUE, "Not enough memory. Use chmem to allocate more", NULL);
  return address;
}

/* Mbrk() does a brk() and checks the return value. */
void mbrk(address)
char *address;
{
  if (brk(address) == -1) error(TRUE, "Cannot reset memory", NULL);
}

void catch(dummy)
int dummy;			/* to satisfy the prototype */
{
  register int i;

  signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
  only_merge = FALSE;
  for (i = 0; i < 26; i++) (void) unlink(file_name(i));
  exit(2);
}