165 lines
3.6 KiB
Groff
165 lines
3.6 KiB
Groff
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.TH LS 1
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.SH NAME
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ls \- list the contents of a directory
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fBls\fP [\fB\-acdfghilpqrstu1ACDFLMRTX\fP] [\fIname\fP...]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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For each file argument, list it. For each directory argument, list its
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contents. The current working directory is listed when no files are named.
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Information is printed multicolumn on terminals, single column if the output
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is redirected. The options control what information is shown and how.
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.PP
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.B Ls
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has two sources other then the command line to draw options from, one is
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the environment variable
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.B LSOPTS
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that is scanned for option letters when the output of
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.B ls
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is displayed on a terminal. The other is the name of
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.B ls
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itself. If
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.B ls
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is linked to another name, then all the characters after the l are used as
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flags too, except that d, f, r, t and x are translated to D, F, R, T and X.
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Useful links are
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.BR ll ,
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.BR lf ,
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.B lm
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and
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.BR lx .
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.PP
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Files whose names start with a dot are by default not listed.
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.PP
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Note that standard Minix doesn't have symbolic links or sockets and
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.B \-u
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and
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.B \-c
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are no-ops on a V1 file system, since only modified times are stored in V1
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inodes.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-a
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All entries are listed, even
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.B .
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and
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.B ..
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.TP
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.B \-c
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Use inode changed time for sorting, listing or searching.
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.TP
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.B \-d
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Do not list contents of directories, but list the directory itself.
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.TP
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.B \-f
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Do not sort (should also be: treat a file as a directory, but that
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can't be implemented portably).
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.TP
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.B \-g
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Suppress the owner name on a long listing (implies
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.BR \-l ).
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.TP
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.B \-h
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Show file sizes in kilo, mega or gigabytes.
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.TP
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.B \-i
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I-node number printed in the first column.
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.TP
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.B \-l
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Long listing: mode, links, owner, group, size and time.
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.RB ( "ls \-lC"
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uses columns in a wide enough window!)
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.TP
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.B \-n
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Print numerical user and group id's.
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.TP
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.B \-p
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Mark directories with a '\fB/\fP'.
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.TP
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.B \-q
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Print nongraphic characters as '\fB?\fP' (default on terminals).
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.TP
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.B \-r
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Reverse the sort order.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Give the size in kilobytes in the first
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.RB ( \-s )
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or second column
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.RB ( \-is ).
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.TP
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.B \-t
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Sort by time (modified time default), latest first.
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.TP
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.B \-u
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Use last accessed time for sorting, listing or searching.
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.TP
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.B \-1
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Print in one column.
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.TP
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.B \-A
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List all entries, but not
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.B .
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and
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.B ..
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(This is the default for privileged users.)
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.TP
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.B \-C
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Print multicolumn (default on terminals).
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.TP
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.B \-D
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Distinguish files by type, i.e. regular files together, directories
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together, etc.
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.TP
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.B \-F
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Mark directories with a '\fB/\fP', executables with a '\fB*\fP', \s-2UNIX\s+2
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domain sockets with a '\fB=\fP', named pipes with a '\fB|\fP' and symbolic
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links with a '\fB@\fP' behind the name.
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.TP
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.B \-L
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Print the file referenced by a symbolic link instead of the link.
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.TP
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.B \-M
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List mode before name (implies
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.BR \-C ).
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.TP
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.B \-R
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List directory trees recursively.
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.TP
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.B \-T
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Print file times in a long format, e.g. "Oct 24 21:37:41 1996".
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.TP
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.B \-X
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Print crunched mode and size before name (implies
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.BR \-C ).
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Only the rwx permissions that its caller has on the file are shown, but they
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are in upper case if the caller owns the file and has given the permission
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to the callers group or other users. The size is listed in bytes (<= 5K),
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or rounded up kilo, mega or gigabytes.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR du (1),
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.BR stat (1),
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.BR stat (2).
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.SH BUGS
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Having to type
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.B ls \-C
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when viewing files through
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.BR more (1).
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.PP
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Is only portable to systems with the same
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.B st_mode
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(see
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.BR stat (2)).
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.PP
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The
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.B LSOPTS
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variable and the
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.BR -D ,
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.B -M
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and
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.B -X
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flags are not found on other
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.B ls
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implementations. (They have their own nonstandard flags.)
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.SH AUTHOR
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Kees J. Bot <kjb@cs.vu.nl>
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