255 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
255 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
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.\" $NetBSD: cp.1,v 1.42 2012/03/25 22:37:08 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)cp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\"
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.Dd March 25, 2012
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.Dt CP 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm cp
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.Nd copy files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Oo
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.Fl R
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.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
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.Oc
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.Op Fl f | i
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.Op Fl alNpv
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.Ar source_file target_file
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.Nm cp
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.Oo
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.Fl R
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.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
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.Oc
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.Op Fl f | i
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.Op Fl alNpv
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.Ar source_file ... target_directory
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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In the first synopsis form, the
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.Nm
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utility copies the contents of the
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.Ar source_file
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to the
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.Ar target_file .
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In the second synopsis form,
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the contents of each named
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.Ar source_file
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is copied to the destination
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.Ar target_directory .
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The names of the files themselves are not changed.
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If
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.Nm
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detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl a
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Archive mode.
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Same as
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.Fl RpP .
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.It Fl f
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For each existing destination pathname, attempt to overwrite it.
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If permissions do not allow copy to succeed, remove it and create a new
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file, without prompting for confirmation.
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(The
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.Fl i
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option is ignored if the
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.Fl f
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option is specified.)
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.It Fl H
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
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(Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
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.It Fl i
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Causes
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.Nm
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to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
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that would overwrite an existing file.
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If the response from the standard input begins with the character
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.Sq Li y ,
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the file copy is attempted.
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.It Fl L
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
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.It Fl l
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Create hard links to regular files in a hierarchy instead of copying.
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.It Fl N
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When used with
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.Fl p ,
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don't copy file flags.
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.It Fl P
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No symbolic links are followed.
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This is the default.
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.It Fl p
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Causes
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.Nm
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to preserve in the copy as many of the modification time, access time,
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file flags, file mode, user ID, group ID, and extended attributes,
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as allowed by permissions.
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.Pp
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If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
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is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
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.Pp
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If the source file has its set user ID bit on and the user ID cannot
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be preserved, the set user ID bit is not preserved
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in the copy's permissions.
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If the source file has its set group ID bit on and the group ID cannot
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be preserved, the set group ID bit is not preserved
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in the copy's permissions.
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If the source file has both its set user ID and set group ID bits on,
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and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
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the set user ID or set group ID bits are preserved in the copy's
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permissions.
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.Pp
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Extended attributes from all accessible namespaces are copied;
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others are ignored.
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If an error occurs during this copy, a message is displayed and
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.Nm
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skips the other extended attributes for that file.
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.It Fl R
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If
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.Ar source_file
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designates a directory,
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.Nm
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copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
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This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
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followed, and for
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.Nm
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to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
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Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
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directory, unmodified by the process's umask.
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.Pp
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Note that
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.Nm
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copies hard linked files as separate files.
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If you need to preserve hard links, consider using a utility like
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.Xr pax 1
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instead.
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.It Fl v
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Causes
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.Nm
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to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
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.El
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.Pp
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For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
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overwritten if permissions allow, but its mode, user ID, and group
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ID are unchanged.
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.Pp
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In the second synopsis form,
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.Ar target_directory
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must exist unless there is only one named
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.Ar source_file
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which is a directory and the
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.Fl R
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flag is specified.
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.Pp
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If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
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used as modified by the file mode creation mask
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.Ic ( umask ,
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see
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.Xr csh 1 ) .
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If the source file has its set user ID bit on, that bit is removed
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unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
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same user.
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If the source file has its set group ID bit on, that bit is removed
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unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
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group and the user is a member of that group.
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If both the set user ID and set group ID bits are set, all of the above
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conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
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.Pp
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Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
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.Pp
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Symbolic links are always followed unless the
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.Fl R
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flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
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The
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.Fl H
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or
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.Fl L
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flags (in conjunction with the
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.Fl R
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flag), as well as the
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.Fl P
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flag cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
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The
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.Fl H
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and
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.Fl L
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options are ignored unless the
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.Fl R
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option is specified.
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In addition, these options override each other and the
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command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std cp
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Historic versions of the
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.Nm
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utility had a
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.Fl r
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option.
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This implementation supports that option, however, its use is strongly
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discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links
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or fifo's.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr mv 1 ,
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.Xr pax 1 ,
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.Xr rcp 1 ,
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.Xr umask 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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compatible.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl a
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and
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.Fl l
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flags are non-standard extensions.
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They are intended to be compatible with the same options which
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other implementations, namely GNU coreutils and
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.Fx ,
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of this utility have.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl v
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option is an extension to
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.St -p1003.2 .
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