minix/servers/pm/forkexit.c

/* This file deals with creating processes (via FORK) and deleting them (via
 * EXIT/WAIT).  When a process forks, a new slot in the 'mproc' table is
 * allocated for it, and a copy of the parent's core image is made for the
 * child.  Then the kernel and file system are informed.  A process is removed
 * from the 'mproc' table when two events have occurred: (1) it has exited or
 * been killed by a signal, and (2) the parent has done a WAIT.  If the process
 * exits first, it continues to occupy a slot until the parent does a WAIT.
 *
 * The entry points into this file are:
 *   do_fork:	 perform the FORK system call
 *   do_pm_exit: perform the EXIT system call (by calling pm_exit())
 *   pm_exit:	 actually do the exiting
 *   do_wait:	 perform the WAITPID or WAIT system call
 *   tell_parent: tell parent about the death of a child
 */

#include "pm.h"
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <minix/callnr.h>
#include <minix/com.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "mproc.h"
#include "param.h"

#define LAST_FEW            2	/* last few slots reserved for superuser */

FORWARD _PROTOTYPE (void cleanup, (register struct mproc *child) );

/*===========================================================================*
 *				do_fork					     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC int do_fork()
{
/* The process pointed to by 'mp' has forked.  Create a child process. */
  register struct mproc *rmp;	/* pointer to parent */
  register struct mproc *rmc;	/* pointer to child */
  int child_nr, s;
  phys_clicks prog_clicks, child_base;
  phys_bytes prog_bytes, parent_abs, child_abs;	/* Intel only */
  pid_t new_pid;
  static int next_child;
  int n = 0, r;

 /* If tables might fill up during FORK, don't even start since recovery half
  * way through is such a nuisance.
  */
  rmp = mp;
  if ((procs_in_use == NR_PROCS) || 
  		(procs_in_use >= NR_PROCS-LAST_FEW && rmp->mp_effuid != 0))
  {
  	printf("PM: warning, process table is full!\n");
  	return(EAGAIN);
  }

  /* Determine how much memory to allocate.  Only the data and stack need to
   * be copied, because the text segment is either shared or of zero length.
   */
  prog_clicks = (phys_clicks) rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_len;
  prog_clicks += (rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_vir - rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_vir);
  prog_bytes = (phys_bytes) prog_clicks << CLICK_SHIFT;
  if ( (child_base = alloc_mem(prog_clicks)) == NO_MEM) return(ENOMEM);

  /* Create a copy of the parent's core image for the child. */
  child_abs = (phys_bytes) child_base << CLICK_SHIFT;
  parent_abs = (phys_bytes) rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_phys << CLICK_SHIFT;
  s = sys_abscopy(parent_abs, child_abs, prog_bytes);
  if (s < 0) panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't copy", s);

  /* Find a slot in 'mproc' for the child process.  A slot must exist. */
  do {
        next_child = (next_child+1) % NR_PROCS;
	n++;
  } while((mproc[next_child].mp_flags & IN_USE) && n <= NR_PROCS);
  if(n > NR_PROCS)
	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't find child slot", NO_NUM);
  if(next_child < 0 || next_child >= NR_PROCS
 || (mproc[next_child].mp_flags & IN_USE))
	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork finds wrong child slot", next_child);

  rmc = &mproc[next_child];
  /* Set up the child and its memory map; copy its 'mproc' slot from parent. */
  child_nr = (int)(rmc - mproc);	/* slot number of the child */
  procs_in_use++;
  *rmc = *rmp;			/* copy parent's process slot to child's */
  rmc->mp_parent = who_p;			/* record child's parent */
  /* inherit only these flags */
  rmc->mp_flags &= (IN_USE|SEPARATE|PRIV_PROC|DONT_SWAP);
  rmc->mp_child_utime = 0;		/* reset administration */
  rmc->mp_child_stime = 0;		/* reset administration */

  /* A separate I&D child keeps the parents text segment.  The data and stack
   * segments must refer to the new copy.
   */
  if (!(rmc->mp_flags & SEPARATE)) rmc->mp_seg[T].mem_phys = child_base;
  rmc->mp_seg[D].mem_phys = child_base;
  rmc->mp_seg[S].mem_phys = rmc->mp_seg[D].mem_phys + 
			(rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_vir - rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_vir);
  rmc->mp_exitstatus = 0;
  rmc->mp_sigstatus = 0;

  /* Find a free pid for the child and put it in the table. */
  new_pid = get_free_pid();
  rmc->mp_pid = new_pid;	/* assign pid to child */

  /* Tell kernel and file system about the (now successful) FORK. */
  if((r=sys_fork(who_e, child_nr, &rmc->mp_endpoint, rmc->mp_seg)) != OK) {
  	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't sys_fork", r);
  }

  if (rmc->mp_fs_call != PM_IDLE)
	panic("pm", "do_fork: not idle", rmc->mp_fs_call);
  rmc->mp_fs_call= PM_FORK;
  r= notify(FS_PROC_NR);
  if (r != OK) panic("pm", "do_fork: unable to notify FS", r);

  /* Do not reply until FS is ready to process the fork
  * request
  */
  return SUSPEND;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				do_fork_nb				     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC int do_fork_nb()
{
/* The process pointed to by 'mp' has forked.  Create a child process. */
  register struct mproc *rmp;	/* pointer to parent */
  register struct mproc *rmc;	/* pointer to child */
  int child_nr, s;
  phys_clicks prog_clicks, child_base;
  phys_bytes prog_bytes, parent_abs, child_abs;	/* Intel only */
  pid_t new_pid;
  static int next_child;
  int n = 0, r;

  /* Only system processes are allowed to use fork_nb */
  if (!(mp->mp_flags & PRIV_PROC))
	return EPERM;

 /* If tables might fill up during FORK, don't even start since recovery half
  * way through is such a nuisance.
  */
  rmp = mp;
  if ((procs_in_use == NR_PROCS) || 
  		(procs_in_use >= NR_PROCS-LAST_FEW && rmp->mp_effuid != 0))
  {
  	printf("PM: warning, process table is full!\n");
  	return(EAGAIN);
  }

  /* Determine how much memory to allocate.  Only the data and stack need to
   * be copied, because the text segment is either shared or of zero length.
   */
  prog_clicks = (phys_clicks) rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_len;
  prog_clicks += (rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_vir - rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_vir);
  prog_bytes = (phys_bytes) prog_clicks << CLICK_SHIFT;
  if ( (child_base = alloc_mem(prog_clicks)) == NO_MEM) return(ENOMEM);

  /* Create a copy of the parent's core image for the child. */
  child_abs = (phys_bytes) child_base << CLICK_SHIFT;
  parent_abs = (phys_bytes) rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_phys << CLICK_SHIFT;
  s = sys_abscopy(parent_abs, child_abs, prog_bytes);
  if (s < 0) panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't copy", s);

  /* Find a slot in 'mproc' for the child process.  A slot must exist. */
  do {
        next_child = (next_child+1) % NR_PROCS;
	n++;
  } while((mproc[next_child].mp_flags & IN_USE) && n <= NR_PROCS);
  if(n > NR_PROCS)
	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't find child slot", NO_NUM);
  if(next_child < 0 || next_child >= NR_PROCS
 || (mproc[next_child].mp_flags & IN_USE))
	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork finds wrong child slot", next_child);

  rmc = &mproc[next_child];
  /* Set up the child and its memory map; copy its 'mproc' slot from parent. */
  child_nr = (int)(rmc - mproc);	/* slot number of the child */
  procs_in_use++;
  *rmc = *rmp;			/* copy parent's process slot to child's */
  rmc->mp_parent = who_p;			/* record child's parent */
  /* inherit only these flags */
  rmc->mp_flags &= (IN_USE|SEPARATE|PRIV_PROC|DONT_SWAP);
  rmc->mp_child_utime = 0;		/* reset administration */
  rmc->mp_child_stime = 0;		/* reset administration */

  /* A separate I&D child keeps the parents text segment.  The data and stack
   * segments must refer to the new copy.
   */
  if (!(rmc->mp_flags & SEPARATE)) rmc->mp_seg[T].mem_phys = child_base;
  rmc->mp_seg[D].mem_phys = child_base;
  rmc->mp_seg[S].mem_phys = rmc->mp_seg[D].mem_phys + 
			(rmp->mp_seg[S].mem_vir - rmp->mp_seg[D].mem_vir);
  rmc->mp_exitstatus = 0;
  rmc->mp_sigstatus = 0;

  /* Find a free pid for the child and put it in the table. */
  new_pid = get_free_pid();
  rmc->mp_pid = new_pid;	/* assign pid to child */

  /* Tell kernel and file system about the (now successful) FORK. */
  if((r=sys_fork(who_e, child_nr, &rmc->mp_endpoint, rmc->mp_seg)) != OK) {
  	panic(__FILE__,"do_fork can't sys_fork", r);
  }

  if (rmc->mp_fs_call != PM_IDLE)
	panic("pm", "do_fork: not idle", rmc->mp_fs_call);
  rmc->mp_fs_call= PM_FORK_NB;
  r= notify(FS_PROC_NR);
  if (r != OK) panic("pm", "do_fork: unable to notify FS", r);

  /* Wakeup the newly created process */
  setreply(rmc-mproc, OK);

  return rmc->mp_pid;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				do_pm_exit				     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC int do_pm_exit()
{
/* Perform the exit(status) system call. The real work is done by pm_exit(),
 * which is also called when a process is killed by a signal.
 */
  pm_exit(mp, m_in.status, FALSE /*!for_trace*/);
  return(SUSPEND);		/* can't communicate from beyond the grave */
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				pm_exit					     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC void pm_exit(rmp, exit_status, for_trace)
register struct mproc *rmp;	/* pointer to the process to be terminated */
int exit_status;		/* the process' exit status (for parent) */
int for_trace;
{
/* A process is done.  Release most of the process' possessions.  If its
 * parent is waiting, release the rest, else keep the process slot and
 * become a zombie.
 */
  register int proc_nr, proc_nr_e;
  int parent_waiting, right_child, r;
  pid_t pidarg, procgrp;
  struct mproc *p_mp;
  clock_t t[5];

  proc_nr = (int) (rmp - mproc);	/* get process slot number */
  proc_nr_e = rmp->mp_endpoint;

  /* Remember a session leader's process group. */
  procgrp = (rmp->mp_pid == mp->mp_procgrp) ? mp->mp_procgrp : 0;

  /* If the exited process has a timer pending, kill it. */
  if (rmp->mp_flags & ALARM_ON) set_alarm(proc_nr_e, (unsigned) 0);

  /* Do accounting: fetch usage times and accumulate at parent. */
  if((r=sys_times(proc_nr_e, t)) != OK)
  	panic(__FILE__,"pm_exit: sys_times failed", r);

  p_mp = &mproc[rmp->mp_parent];			/* process' parent */
  p_mp->mp_child_utime += t[0] + rmp->mp_child_utime;	/* add user time */
  p_mp->mp_child_stime += t[1] + rmp->mp_child_stime;	/* add system time */

  /* Tell the kernel the process is no longer runnable to prevent it from 
   * being scheduled in between the following steps. Then tell FS that it 
   * the process has exited and finally, clean up the process at the kernel.
   * This order is important so that FS can tell drivers to cancel requests
   * such as copying to/ from the exiting process, before it is gone.
   */
  sys_nice(proc_nr_e, PRIO_STOP);	/* stop the process */

  if (proc_nr_e == INIT_PROC_NR)
  {
	printf("PM: INIT died\n");
	return;
  }
  else
  if(proc_nr_e != FS_PROC_NR)		/* if it is not FS that is exiting.. */
  {
	/* Tell FS about the exiting process. */
	if (rmp->mp_fs_call != PM_IDLE)
		panic(__FILE__, "pm_exit: not idle", rmp->mp_fs_call);
	rmp->mp_fs_call= (for_trace ? PM_EXIT_TR : PM_EXIT);
	r= notify(FS_PROC_NR);
	if (r != OK) panic(__FILE__, "pm_exit: unable to notify FS", r);

	if (rmp->mp_flags & PRIV_PROC)
	{
		/* destroy system processes without waiting for FS */
		if((r= sys_exit(rmp->mp_endpoint)) != OK)
			panic(__FILE__, "pm_exit: sys_exit failed", r);
	}
  }
  else
  {
	printf("PM: FS died\n");
	return;
  }

  /* Pending reply messages for the dead process cannot be delivered. */
  rmp->mp_flags &= ~REPLY;

  /* Keep the process around until FS is finished with it. */
  
  rmp->mp_exitstatus = (char) exit_status;
  pidarg = p_mp->mp_wpid;		/* who's being waited for? */
  parent_waiting = p_mp->mp_flags & WAITING;
  right_child =				/* child meets one of the 3 tests? */
	(pidarg == -1 || pidarg == rmp->mp_pid || -pidarg == rmp->mp_procgrp);

  if (parent_waiting && right_child) {
	tell_parent(rmp);		/* tell parent */
  } else {
	rmp->mp_flags &= (IN_USE|PRIV_PROC);
	rmp->mp_flags |= ZOMBIE;	/* parent not waiting, zombify child */
	sig_proc(p_mp, SIGCHLD);	/* send parent a "child died" signal */
  }

  /* If the process has children, disinherit them.  INIT is the new parent. */
  for (rmp = &mproc[0]; rmp < &mproc[NR_PROCS]; rmp++) {
	if (rmp->mp_flags & IN_USE && rmp->mp_parent == proc_nr) {
		/* 'rmp' now points to a child to be disinherited. */
		rmp->mp_parent = INIT_PROC_NR;
		parent_waiting = mproc[INIT_PROC_NR].mp_flags & WAITING;
		if (parent_waiting && (rmp->mp_flags & ZOMBIE))
			cleanup(rmp);
	}
  }

  /* Send a hangup to the process' process group if it was a session leader. */
  if (procgrp != 0) check_sig(-procgrp, SIGHUP);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				do_waitpid				     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC int do_waitpid()
{
/* A process wants to wait for a child to terminate. If a child is already 
 * waiting, go clean it up and let this WAIT call terminate.  Otherwise, 
 * really wait. 
 * A process calling WAIT never gets a reply in the usual way at the end
 * of the main loop (unless WNOHANG is set or no qualifying child exists).
 * If a child has already exited, the routine cleanup() sends the reply
 * to awaken the caller.
 * Both WAIT and WAITPID are handled by this code.
 */
  register struct mproc *rp;
  int pidarg, options, children;

  /* Set internal variables, depending on whether this is WAIT or WAITPID. */
  pidarg  = (call_nr == WAIT ? -1 : m_in.pid);	   /* 1st param of waitpid */
  options = (call_nr == WAIT ?  0 : m_in.sig_nr);  /* 3rd param of waitpid */
  if (pidarg == 0) pidarg = -mp->mp_procgrp;	/* pidarg < 0 ==> proc grp */

  /* Is there a child waiting to be collected? At this point, pidarg != 0:
   *	pidarg  >  0 means pidarg is pid of a specific process to wait for
   *	pidarg == -1 means wait for any child
   *	pidarg  < -1 means wait for any child whose process group = -pidarg
   */
  children = 0;
  for (rp = &mproc[0]; rp < &mproc[NR_PROCS]; rp++) {
	if ( (rp->mp_flags & IN_USE) && rp->mp_parent == who_p) {
		/* The value of pidarg determines which children qualify. */
		if (pidarg  > 0 && pidarg != rp->mp_pid) continue;
		if (pidarg < -1 && -pidarg != rp->mp_procgrp) continue;

		children++;		/* this child is acceptable */
		if (rp->mp_flags & ZOMBIE) {
			/* This child meets the pid test and has exited. */
			tell_parent(rp); /* this child has already exited */
			if (rp->mp_fs_call == PM_IDLE)
				real_cleanup(rp);
			return(SUSPEND);
		}
		if ((rp->mp_flags & STOPPED) && rp->mp_sigstatus) {
			/* This child meets the pid test and is being traced.*/
			mp->mp_reply.reply_res2 = 0177|(rp->mp_sigstatus << 8);
			rp->mp_sigstatus = 0;
			return(rp->mp_pid);
		}
	}
  }

  /* No qualifying child has exited.  Wait for one, unless none exists. */
  if (children > 0) {
	/* At least 1 child meets the pid test exists, but has not exited. */
	if (options & WNOHANG) return(0);    /* parent does not want to wait */
	mp->mp_flags |= WAITING;	     /* parent wants to wait */
	mp->mp_wpid = (pid_t) pidarg;	     /* save pid for later */
	return(SUSPEND);		     /* do not reply, let it wait */
  } else {
	/* No child even meets the pid test.  Return error immediately. */
	return(ECHILD);			     /* no - parent has no children */
  }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				cleanup					     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PRIVATE void cleanup(child)
register struct mproc *child;	/* tells which process is exiting */
{
/* Finish off the exit of a process.  The process has exited or been killed
 * by a signal, and its parent is waiting.
 */

  if (child->mp_fs_call != PM_IDLE)
	panic(__FILE__, "cleanup: not idle", child->mp_fs_call);

  tell_parent(child);
  real_cleanup(child);

}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				tell_parent				     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC void tell_parent(child)
register struct mproc *child;	/* tells which process is exiting */
{
  int exitstatus, mp_parent;
  struct mproc *parent;

  mp_parent= child->mp_parent;
  if (mp_parent <= 0)
	panic(__FILE__, "tell_parent: bad value in mp_parent", mp_parent);
  parent = &mproc[mp_parent];

  /* Wake up the parent by sending the reply message. */
  exitstatus = (child->mp_exitstatus << 8) | (child->mp_sigstatus & 0377);
  parent->mp_reply.reply_res2 = exitstatus;
  setreply(child->mp_parent, child->mp_pid);
  parent->mp_flags &= ~WAITING;		/* parent no longer waiting */
  child->mp_flags &= ~ZOMBIE;		/* avoid informing parent twice */
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *				real_cleanup				     *
 *===========================================================================*/
PUBLIC void real_cleanup(rmp)
register struct mproc *rmp;	/* tells which process is exiting */
{
  /* Release the process table entry and reinitialize some field. */
  rmp->mp_pid = 0;
  rmp->mp_flags = 0;
  rmp->mp_child_utime = 0;
  rmp->mp_child_stime = 0;
  procs_in_use--;
}