709 lines
19 KiB
Python
709 lines
19 KiB
Python
# GardenSnake - a parser generator demonstration program
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#
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# This implements a modified version of a subset of Python:
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# - only 'def', 'return' and 'if' statements
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# - 'if' only has 'then' clause (no elif nor else)
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# - single-quoted strings only, content in raw format
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# - numbers are decimal.Decimal instances (not integers or floats)
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# - no print statment; use the built-in 'print' function
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# - only < > == + - / * implemented (and unary + -)
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# - assignment and tuple assignment work
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# - no generators of any sort
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# - no ... well, no quite a lot
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# Why? I'm thinking about a new indentation-based configuration
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# language for a project and wanted to figure out how to do it. Once
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# I got that working I needed a way to test it out. My original AST
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# was dumb so I decided to target Python's AST and compile it into
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# Python code. Plus, it's pretty cool that it only took a day or so
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# from sitting down with Ply to having working code.
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# This uses David Beazley's Ply from http://www.dabeaz.com/ply/
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# This work is hereby released into the Public Domain. To view a copy of
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# the public domain dedication, visit
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# http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ or send a letter to
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# Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco,
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# California, 94105, USA.
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#
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# Portions of this work are derived from Python's Grammar definition
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# and may be covered under the Python copyright and license
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#
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# Andrew Dalke / Dalke Scientific Software, LLC
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# 30 August 2006 / Cape Town, South Africa
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# Changelog:
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# 30 August - added link to CC license; removed the "swapcase" encoding
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# Modifications for inclusion in PLY distribution
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import sys
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sys.path.insert(0,"../..")
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from ply import *
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##### Lexer ######
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#import lex
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import decimal
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tokens = (
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'DEF',
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'IF',
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'NAME',
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'NUMBER', # Python decimals
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'STRING', # single quoted strings only; syntax of raw strings
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'LPAR',
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'RPAR',
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'COLON',
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'EQ',
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'ASSIGN',
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'LT',
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'GT',
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'PLUS',
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'MINUS',
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'MULT',
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'DIV',
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'RETURN',
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'WS',
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'NEWLINE',
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'COMMA',
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'SEMICOLON',
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'INDENT',
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'DEDENT',
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'ENDMARKER',
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)
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#t_NUMBER = r'\d+'
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# taken from decmial.py but without the leading sign
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def t_NUMBER(t):
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r"""(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)([eE][-+]? \d+)?"""
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t.value = decimal.Decimal(t.value)
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return t
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def t_STRING(t):
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r"'([^\\']+|\\'|\\\\)*'" # I think this is right ...
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t.value=t.value[1:-1].decode("string-escape") # .swapcase() # for fun
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return t
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t_COLON = r':'
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t_EQ = r'=='
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t_ASSIGN = r'='
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t_LT = r'<'
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t_GT = r'>'
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t_PLUS = r'\+'
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t_MINUS = r'-'
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t_MULT = r'\*'
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t_DIV = r'/'
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t_COMMA = r','
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t_SEMICOLON = r';'
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# Ply nicely documented how to do this.
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RESERVED = {
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"def": "DEF",
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"if": "IF",
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"return": "RETURN",
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}
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def t_NAME(t):
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r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*'
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t.type = RESERVED.get(t.value, "NAME")
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return t
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# Putting this before t_WS let it consume lines with only comments in
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# them so the latter code never sees the WS part. Not consuming the
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# newline. Needed for "if 1: #comment"
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def t_comment(t):
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r"[ ]*\043[^\n]*" # \043 is '#'
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pass
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# Whitespace
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def t_WS(t):
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r' [ ]+ '
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if t.lexer.at_line_start and t.lexer.paren_count == 0:
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return t
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# Don't generate newline tokens when inside of parenthesis, eg
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# a = (1,
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# 2, 3)
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def t_newline(t):
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r'\n+'
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t.lexer.lineno += len(t.value)
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t.type = "NEWLINE"
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if t.lexer.paren_count == 0:
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return t
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def t_LPAR(t):
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r'\('
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t.lexer.paren_count += 1
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return t
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def t_RPAR(t):
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r'\)'
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# check for underflow? should be the job of the parser
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t.lexer.paren_count -= 1
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return t
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def t_error(t):
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raise SyntaxError("Unknown symbol %r" % (t.value[0],))
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print "Skipping", repr(t.value[0])
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t.lexer.skip(1)
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## I implemented INDENT / DEDENT generation as a post-processing filter
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# The original lex token stream contains WS and NEWLINE characters.
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# WS will only occur before any other tokens on a line.
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# I have three filters. One tags tokens by adding two attributes.
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# "must_indent" is True if the token must be indented from the
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# previous code. The other is "at_line_start" which is True for WS
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# and the first non-WS/non-NEWLINE on a line. It flags the check so
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# see if the new line has changed indication level.
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# Python's syntax has three INDENT states
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# 0) no colon hence no need to indent
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# 1) "if 1: go()" - simple statements have a COLON but no need for an indent
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# 2) "if 1:\n go()" - complex statements have a COLON NEWLINE and must indent
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NO_INDENT = 0
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MAY_INDENT = 1
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MUST_INDENT = 2
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# only care about whitespace at the start of a line
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def track_tokens_filter(lexer, tokens):
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lexer.at_line_start = at_line_start = True
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indent = NO_INDENT
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saw_colon = False
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for token in tokens:
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token.at_line_start = at_line_start
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if token.type == "COLON":
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at_line_start = False
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indent = MAY_INDENT
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token.must_indent = False
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elif token.type == "NEWLINE":
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at_line_start = True
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if indent == MAY_INDENT:
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indent = MUST_INDENT
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token.must_indent = False
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elif token.type == "WS":
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assert token.at_line_start == True
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at_line_start = True
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token.must_indent = False
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else:
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# A real token; only indent after COLON NEWLINE
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if indent == MUST_INDENT:
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token.must_indent = True
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else:
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token.must_indent = False
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at_line_start = False
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indent = NO_INDENT
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yield token
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lexer.at_line_start = at_line_start
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def _new_token(type, lineno):
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tok = lex.LexToken()
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tok.type = type
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tok.value = None
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tok.lineno = lineno
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return tok
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# Synthesize a DEDENT tag
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def DEDENT(lineno):
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return _new_token("DEDENT", lineno)
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# Synthesize an INDENT tag
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def INDENT(lineno):
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return _new_token("INDENT", lineno)
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# Track the indentation level and emit the right INDENT / DEDENT events.
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def indentation_filter(tokens):
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# A stack of indentation levels; will never pop item 0
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levels = [0]
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token = None
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depth = 0
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prev_was_ws = False
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for token in tokens:
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## if 1:
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## print "Process", token,
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## if token.at_line_start:
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## print "at_line_start",
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## if token.must_indent:
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## print "must_indent",
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## print
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# WS only occurs at the start of the line
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# There may be WS followed by NEWLINE so
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# only track the depth here. Don't indent/dedent
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# until there's something real.
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if token.type == "WS":
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assert depth == 0
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depth = len(token.value)
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prev_was_ws = True
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# WS tokens are never passed to the parser
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continue
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if token.type == "NEWLINE":
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depth = 0
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if prev_was_ws or token.at_line_start:
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# ignore blank lines
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continue
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# pass the other cases on through
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yield token
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continue
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# then it must be a real token (not WS, not NEWLINE)
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# which can affect the indentation level
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prev_was_ws = False
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if token.must_indent:
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# The current depth must be larger than the previous level
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if not (depth > levels[-1]):
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raise IndentationError("expected an indented block")
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levels.append(depth)
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yield INDENT(token.lineno)
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elif token.at_line_start:
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# Must be on the same level or one of the previous levels
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if depth == levels[-1]:
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# At the same level
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pass
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elif depth > levels[-1]:
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raise IndentationError("indentation increase but not in new block")
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else:
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# Back up; but only if it matches a previous level
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try:
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i = levels.index(depth)
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except ValueError:
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raise IndentationError("inconsistent indentation")
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for _ in range(i+1, len(levels)):
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yield DEDENT(token.lineno)
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levels.pop()
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yield token
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### Finished processing ###
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# Must dedent any remaining levels
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if len(levels) > 1:
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assert token is not None
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for _ in range(1, len(levels)):
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yield DEDENT(token.lineno)
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# The top-level filter adds an ENDMARKER, if requested.
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# Python's grammar uses it.
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def filter(lexer, add_endmarker = True):
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token = None
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tokens = iter(lexer.token, None)
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tokens = track_tokens_filter(lexer, tokens)
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for token in indentation_filter(tokens):
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yield token
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if add_endmarker:
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lineno = 1
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if token is not None:
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lineno = token.lineno
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yield _new_token("ENDMARKER", lineno)
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# Combine Ply and my filters into a new lexer
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class IndentLexer(object):
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def __init__(self, debug=0, optimize=0, lextab='lextab', reflags=0):
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self.lexer = lex.lex(debug=debug, optimize=optimize, lextab=lextab, reflags=reflags)
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self.token_stream = None
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def input(self, s, add_endmarker=True):
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self.lexer.paren_count = 0
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self.lexer.input(s)
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self.token_stream = filter(self.lexer, add_endmarker)
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def token(self):
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try:
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return self.token_stream.next()
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except StopIteration:
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return None
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########## Parser (tokens -> AST) ######
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# also part of Ply
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#import yacc
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# I use the Python AST
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from compiler import ast
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# Helper function
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def Assign(left, right):
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names = []
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if isinstance(left, ast.Name):
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# Single assignment on left
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return ast.Assign([ast.AssName(left.name, 'OP_ASSIGN')], right)
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elif isinstance(left, ast.Tuple):
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# List of things - make sure they are Name nodes
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names = []
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for child in left.getChildren():
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if not isinstance(child, ast.Name):
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raise SyntaxError("that assignment not supported")
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names.append(child.name)
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ass_list = [ast.AssName(name, 'OP_ASSIGN') for name in names]
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return ast.Assign([ast.AssTuple(ass_list)], right)
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else:
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raise SyntaxError("Can't do that yet")
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# The grammar comments come from Python's Grammar/Grammar file
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## NB: compound_stmt in single_input is followed by extra NEWLINE!
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# file_input: (NEWLINE | stmt)* ENDMARKER
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def p_file_input_end(p):
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"""file_input_end : file_input ENDMARKER"""
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p[0] = ast.Stmt(p[1])
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def p_file_input(p):
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"""file_input : file_input NEWLINE
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| file_input stmt
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| NEWLINE
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| stmt"""
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if isinstance(p[len(p)-1], basestring):
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if len(p) == 3:
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p[0] = p[1]
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else:
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p[0] = [] # p == 2 --> only a blank line
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else:
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if len(p) == 3:
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p[0] = p[1] + p[2]
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else:
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p[0] = p[1]
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# funcdef: [decorators] 'def' NAME parameters ':' suite
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# ignoring decorators
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def p_funcdef(p):
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"funcdef : DEF NAME parameters COLON suite"
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p[0] = ast.Function(None, p[2], tuple(p[3]), (), 0, None, p[5])
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# parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
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def p_parameters(p):
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"""parameters : LPAR RPAR
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| LPAR varargslist RPAR"""
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if len(p) == 3:
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p[0] = []
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else:
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p[0] = p[2]
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# varargslist: (fpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
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# highly simplified
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def p_varargslist(p):
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"""varargslist : varargslist COMMA NAME
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| NAME"""
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if len(p) == 4:
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p[0] = p[1] + p[3]
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else:
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p[0] = [p[1]]
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# stmt: simple_stmt | compound_stmt
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def p_stmt_simple(p):
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"""stmt : simple_stmt"""
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# simple_stmt is a list
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p[0] = p[1]
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def p_stmt_compound(p):
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"""stmt : compound_stmt"""
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p[0] = [p[1]]
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# simple_stmt: small_stmt (';' small_stmt)* [';'] NEWLINE
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def p_simple_stmt(p):
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"""simple_stmt : small_stmts NEWLINE
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| small_stmts SEMICOLON NEWLINE"""
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p[0] = p[1]
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def p_small_stmts(p):
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"""small_stmts : small_stmts SEMICOLON small_stmt
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| small_stmt"""
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if len(p) == 4:
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p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]]
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else:
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p[0] = [p[1]]
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# small_stmt: expr_stmt | print_stmt | del_stmt | pass_stmt | flow_stmt |
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# import_stmt | global_stmt | exec_stmt | assert_stmt
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def p_small_stmt(p):
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"""small_stmt : flow_stmt
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| expr_stmt"""
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p[0] = p[1]
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# expr_stmt: testlist (augassign (yield_expr|testlist) |
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# ('=' (yield_expr|testlist))*)
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# augassign: ('+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '&=' | '|=' | '^=' |
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# '<<=' | '>>=' | '**=' | '//=')
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def p_expr_stmt(p):
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"""expr_stmt : testlist ASSIGN testlist
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| testlist """
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if len(p) == 2:
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# a list of expressions
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p[0] = ast.Discard(p[1])
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else:
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p[0] = Assign(p[1], p[3])
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def p_flow_stmt(p):
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"flow_stmt : return_stmt"
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p[0] = p[1]
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# return_stmt: 'return' [testlist]
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def p_return_stmt(p):
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"return_stmt : RETURN testlist"
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p[0] = ast.Return(p[2])
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def p_compound_stmt(p):
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"""compound_stmt : if_stmt
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| funcdef"""
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p[0] = p[1]
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def p_if_stmt(p):
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'if_stmt : IF test COLON suite'
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p[0] = ast.If([(p[2], p[4])], None)
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def p_suite(p):
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"""suite : simple_stmt
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| NEWLINE INDENT stmts DEDENT"""
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if len(p) == 2:
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p[0] = ast.Stmt(p[1])
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else:
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p[0] = ast.Stmt(p[3])
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def p_stmts(p):
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"""stmts : stmts stmt
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| stmt"""
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if len(p) == 3:
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p[0] = p[1] + p[2]
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else:
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p[0] = p[1]
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## No using Python's approach because Ply supports precedence
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# comparison: expr (comp_op expr)*
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# arith_expr: term (('+'|'-') term)*
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# term: factor (('*'|'/'|'%'|'//') factor)*
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# factor: ('+'|'-'|'~') factor | power
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# comp_op: '<'|'>'|'=='|'>='|'<='|'<>'|'!='|'in'|'not' 'in'|'is'|'is' 'not'
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def make_lt_compare((left, right)):
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return ast.Compare(left, [('<', right),])
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def make_gt_compare((left, right)):
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return ast.Compare(left, [('>', right),])
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def make_eq_compare((left, right)):
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return ast.Compare(left, [('==', right),])
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binary_ops = {
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"+": ast.Add,
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"-": ast.Sub,
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"*": ast.Mul,
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"/": ast.Div,
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"<": make_lt_compare,
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">": make_gt_compare,
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"==": make_eq_compare,
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}
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unary_ops = {
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"+": ast.UnaryAdd,
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"-": ast.UnarySub,
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}
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precedence = (
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("left", "EQ", "GT", "LT"),
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("left", "PLUS", "MINUS"),
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("left", "MULT", "DIV"),
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)
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def p_comparison(p):
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"""comparison : comparison PLUS comparison
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| comparison MINUS comparison
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| comparison MULT comparison
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| comparison DIV comparison
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| comparison LT comparison
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| comparison EQ comparison
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| comparison GT comparison
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| PLUS comparison
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| MINUS comparison
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|
| power"""
|
|
if len(p) == 4:
|
|
p[0] = binary_ops[p[2]]((p[1], p[3]))
|
|
elif len(p) == 3:
|
|
p[0] = unary_ops[p[1]](p[2])
|
|
else:
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
|
|
# power: atom trailer* ['**' factor]
|
|
# trailers enables function calls. I only allow one level of calls
|
|
# so this is 'trailer'
|
|
def p_power(p):
|
|
"""power : atom
|
|
| atom trailer"""
|
|
if len(p) == 2:
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
else:
|
|
if p[2][0] == "CALL":
|
|
p[0] = ast.CallFunc(p[1], p[2][1], None, None)
|
|
else:
|
|
raise AssertionError("not implemented")
|
|
|
|
def p_atom_name(p):
|
|
"""atom : NAME"""
|
|
p[0] = ast.Name(p[1])
|
|
|
|
def p_atom_number(p):
|
|
"""atom : NUMBER
|
|
| STRING"""
|
|
p[0] = ast.Const(p[1])
|
|
|
|
def p_atom_tuple(p):
|
|
"""atom : LPAR testlist RPAR"""
|
|
p[0] = p[2]
|
|
|
|
# trailer: '(' [arglist] ')' | '[' subscriptlist ']' | '.' NAME
|
|
def p_trailer(p):
|
|
"trailer : LPAR arglist RPAR"
|
|
p[0] = ("CALL", p[2])
|
|
|
|
# testlist: test (',' test)* [',']
|
|
# Contains shift/reduce error
|
|
def p_testlist(p):
|
|
"""testlist : testlist_multi COMMA
|
|
| testlist_multi """
|
|
if len(p) == 2:
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
else:
|
|
# May need to promote singleton to tuple
|
|
if isinstance(p[1], list):
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
else:
|
|
p[0] = [p[1]]
|
|
# Convert into a tuple?
|
|
if isinstance(p[0], list):
|
|
p[0] = ast.Tuple(p[0])
|
|
|
|
def p_testlist_multi(p):
|
|
"""testlist_multi : testlist_multi COMMA test
|
|
| test"""
|
|
if len(p) == 2:
|
|
# singleton
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
else:
|
|
if isinstance(p[1], list):
|
|
p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]]
|
|
else:
|
|
# singleton -> tuple
|
|
p[0] = [p[1], p[3]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# test: or_test ['if' or_test 'else' test] | lambdef
|
|
# as I don't support 'and', 'or', and 'not' this works down to 'comparison'
|
|
def p_test(p):
|
|
"test : comparison"
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# arglist: (argument ',')* (argument [',']| '*' test [',' '**' test] | '**' test)
|
|
# XXX INCOMPLETE: this doesn't allow the trailing comma
|
|
def p_arglist(p):
|
|
"""arglist : arglist COMMA argument
|
|
| argument"""
|
|
if len(p) == 4:
|
|
p[0] = p[1] + [p[3]]
|
|
else:
|
|
p[0] = [p[1]]
|
|
|
|
# argument: test [gen_for] | test '=' test # Really [keyword '='] test
|
|
def p_argument(p):
|
|
"argument : test"
|
|
p[0] = p[1]
|
|
|
|
def p_error(p):
|
|
#print "Error!", repr(p)
|
|
raise SyntaxError(p)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class GardenSnakeParser(object):
|
|
def __init__(self, lexer = None):
|
|
if lexer is None:
|
|
lexer = IndentLexer()
|
|
self.lexer = lexer
|
|
self.parser = yacc.yacc(start="file_input_end")
|
|
|
|
def parse(self, code):
|
|
self.lexer.input(code)
|
|
result = self.parser.parse(lexer = self.lexer)
|
|
return ast.Module(None, result)
|
|
|
|
|
|
###### Code generation ######
|
|
|
|
from compiler import misc, syntax, pycodegen
|
|
|
|
class GardenSnakeCompiler(object):
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
self.parser = GardenSnakeParser()
|
|
def compile(self, code, filename="<string>"):
|
|
tree = self.parser.parse(code)
|
|
#print tree
|
|
misc.set_filename(filename, tree)
|
|
syntax.check(tree)
|
|
gen = pycodegen.ModuleCodeGenerator(tree)
|
|
code = gen.getCode()
|
|
return code
|
|
|
|
####### Test code #######
|
|
|
|
compile = GardenSnakeCompiler().compile
|
|
|
|
code = r"""
|
|
|
|
print('LET\'S TRY THIS \\OUT')
|
|
|
|
#Comment here
|
|
def x(a):
|
|
print('called with',a)
|
|
if a == 1:
|
|
return 2
|
|
if a*2 > 10: return 999 / 4
|
|
# Another comment here
|
|
|
|
return a+2*3
|
|
|
|
ints = (1, 2,
|
|
3, 4,
|
|
5)
|
|
print('mutiline-expression', ints)
|
|
|
|
t = 4+1/3*2+6*(9-5+1)
|
|
print('predence test; should be 34+2/3:', t, t==(34+2/3))
|
|
|
|
print('numbers', 1,2,3,4,5)
|
|
if 1:
|
|
8
|
|
a=9
|
|
print(x(a))
|
|
|
|
print(x(1))
|
|
print(x(2))
|
|
print(x(8),'3')
|
|
print('this is decimal', 1/5)
|
|
print('BIG DECIMAL', 1.234567891234567e12345)
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# Set up the GardenSnake run-time environment
|
|
def print_(*args):
|
|
print "-->", " ".join(map(str,args))
|
|
|
|
globals()["print"] = print_
|
|
|
|
compiled_code = compile(code)
|
|
|
|
exec compiled_code in globals()
|
|
print "Done"
|