/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Erik Hallnor
 *          Steve Reinhardt
 *          Ron Dreslinski
 */

/**
 * @file
 * Declares a basic cache interface BaseCache.
 */

#ifndef __BASE_CACHE_HH__
#define __BASE_CACHE_HH__

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "base/misc.hh"
#include "base/statistics.hh"
#include "base/trace.hh"
#include "base/types.hh"
#include "config/full_system.hh"
#include "debug/Cache.hh"
#include "debug/CachePort.hh"
#include "mem/cache/mshr_queue.hh"
#include "mem/mem_object.hh"
#include "mem/packet.hh"
#include "mem/request.hh"
#include "mem/tport.hh"
#include "params/BaseCache.hh"
#include "sim/eventq.hh"
#include "sim/sim_exit.hh"

class MSHR;
/**
 * A basic cache interface. Implements some common functions for speed.
 */
class BaseCache : public MemObject
{
    /**
     * Indexes to enumerate the MSHR queues.
     */
    enum MSHRQueueIndex {
        MSHRQueue_MSHRs,
        MSHRQueue_WriteBuffer
    };

    /**
     * Reasons for caches to be blocked.
     */
    enum BlockedCause {
        Blocked_NoMSHRs = MSHRQueue_MSHRs,
        Blocked_NoWBBuffers = MSHRQueue_WriteBuffer,
        Blocked_NoTargets,
        NUM_BLOCKED_CAUSES
    };

  public:
    /**
     * Reasons for cache to request a bus.
     */
    enum RequestCause {
        Request_MSHR = MSHRQueue_MSHRs,
        Request_WB = MSHRQueue_WriteBuffer,
        Request_PF,
        NUM_REQUEST_CAUSES
    };

  private:

    class CachePort : public SimpleTimingPort
    {
      public:
        BaseCache *cache;

      protected:
        CachePort(const std::string &_name, BaseCache *_cache,
                  const std::string &_label);

        virtual void recvStatusChange(Status status);

        virtual unsigned deviceBlockSize() const;

        bool recvRetryCommon();

        typedef EventWrapper<Port, &Port::sendRetry>
            SendRetryEvent;

        const std::string label;

      public:
        void setOtherPort(CachePort *_otherPort) { otherPort = _otherPort; }

        void setBlocked();

        void clearBlocked();

        bool checkFunctional(PacketPtr pkt);

        CachePort *otherPort;

        bool blocked;

        bool mustSendRetry;

        void requestBus(RequestCause cause, Tick time)
        {
            DPRINTF(CachePort, "Asserting bus request for cause %d\n", cause);
            if (!waitingOnRetry) {
                schedSendEvent(time);
            }
        }

        void respond(PacketPtr pkt, Tick time) {
            schedSendTiming(pkt, time);
        }
    };

  public: //Made public so coherence can get at it.
    CachePort *cpuSidePort;
    CachePort *memSidePort;

  protected:

    /** Miss status registers */
    MSHRQueue mshrQueue;

    /** Write/writeback buffer */
    MSHRQueue writeBuffer;

    MSHR *allocateBufferInternal(MSHRQueue *mq, Addr addr, int size,
                                 PacketPtr pkt, Tick time, bool requestBus)
    {
        MSHR *mshr = mq->allocate(addr, size, pkt, time, order++);

        if (mq->isFull()) {
            setBlocked((BlockedCause)mq->index);
        }

        if (requestBus) {
            requestMemSideBus((RequestCause)mq->index, time);
        }

        return mshr;
    }

    void markInServiceInternal(MSHR *mshr, PacketPtr pkt)
    {
        MSHRQueue *mq = mshr->queue;
        bool wasFull = mq->isFull();
        mq->markInService(mshr, pkt);
        if (wasFull && !mq->isFull()) {
            clearBlocked((BlockedCause)mq->index);
        }
    }

    /** Block size of this cache */
    const unsigned blkSize;

    /**
     * The latency of a hit in this device.
     */
    int hitLatency;

    /** The number of targets for each MSHR. */
    const int numTarget;

    /** Do we forward snoops from mem side port through to cpu side port? */
    bool forwardSnoops;

    /** Is this cache a toplevel cache (e.g. L1, I/O cache). If so we should
     * never try to forward ownership and similar optimizations to the cpu
     * side */
    bool isTopLevel;

    /**
     * Bit vector of the blocking reasons for the access path.
     * @sa #BlockedCause
     */
    uint8_t blocked;

    /** Increasing order number assigned to each incoming request. */
    uint64_t order;

    /** Stores time the cache blocked for statistics. */
    Tick blockedCycle;

    /** Pointer to the MSHR that has no targets. */
    MSHR *noTargetMSHR;

    /** The number of misses to trigger an exit event. */
    Counter missCount;

    /** The drain event. */
    Event *drainEvent;

    /**
     * The address range to which the cache responds on the CPU side.
     * Normally this is all possible memory addresses. */
    Range<Addr> addrRange;

    /** number of cpus sharing this cache - from config file */
    int _numCpus;

  public:
    int numCpus() { return _numCpus; }
    // Statistics
    /**
     * @addtogroup CacheStatistics
     * @{
     */

    /** Number of hits per thread for each type of command. @sa Packet::Command */
    Stats::Vector hits[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Number of hits for demand accesses. */
    Stats::Formula demandHits;
    /** Number of hit for all accesses. */
    Stats::Formula overallHits;

    /** Number of misses per thread for each type of command. @sa Packet::Command */
    Stats::Vector misses[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Number of misses for demand accesses. */
    Stats::Formula demandMisses;
    /** Number of misses for all accesses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMisses;

    /**
     * Total number of cycles per thread/command spent waiting for a miss.
     * Used to calculate the average miss latency.
     */
    Stats::Vector missLatency[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Total number of cycles spent waiting for demand misses. */
    Stats::Formula demandMissLatency;
    /** Total number of cycles spent waiting for all misses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMissLatency;

    /** The number of accesses per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula accesses[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The number of demand accesses. */
    Stats::Formula demandAccesses;
    /** The number of overall accesses. */
    Stats::Formula overallAccesses;

    /** The miss rate per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula missRate[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The miss rate of all demand accesses. */
    Stats::Formula demandMissRate;
    /** The miss rate for all accesses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMissRate;

    /** The average miss latency per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula avgMissLatency[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The average miss latency for demand misses. */
    Stats::Formula demandAvgMissLatency;
    /** The average miss latency for all misses. */
    Stats::Formula overallAvgMissLatency;

    /** The total number of cycles blocked for each blocked cause. */
    Stats::Vector blocked_cycles;
    /** The number of times this cache blocked for each blocked cause. */
    Stats::Vector blocked_causes;

    /** The average number of cycles blocked for each blocked cause. */
    Stats::Formula avg_blocked;

    /** The number of fast writes (WH64) performed. */
    Stats::Scalar fastWrites;

    /** The number of cache copies performed. */
    Stats::Scalar cacheCopies;

    /** Number of blocks written back per thread. */
    Stats::Vector writebacks;

    /** Number of misses that hit in the MSHRs per command and thread. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_hits[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Demand misses that hit in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula demandMshrHits;
    /** Total number of misses that hit in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrHits;

    /** Number of misses that miss in the MSHRs, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_misses[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Demand misses that miss in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula demandMshrMisses;
    /** Total number of misses that miss in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrMisses;

    /** Number of misses that miss in the MSHRs, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_uncacheable[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Total number of misses that miss in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrUncacheable;

    /** Total cycle latency of each MSHR miss, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_miss_latency[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Total cycle latency of demand MSHR misses. */
    Stats::Formula demandMshrMissLatency;
    /** Total cycle latency of overall MSHR misses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrMissLatency;

    /** Total cycle latency of each MSHR miss, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_uncacheable_lat[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** Total cycle latency of overall MSHR misses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrUncacheableLatency;

#if 0
    /** The total number of MSHR accesses per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula mshrAccesses[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The total number of demand MSHR accesses. */
    Stats::Formula demandMshrAccesses;
    /** The total number of MSHR accesses. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrAccesses;
#endif

    /** The miss rate in the MSHRs pre command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula mshrMissRate[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The demand miss rate in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula demandMshrMissRate;
    /** The overall miss rate in the MSHRs. */
    Stats::Formula overallMshrMissRate;

    /** The average latency of an MSHR miss, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula avgMshrMissLatency[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The average latency of a demand MSHR miss. */
    Stats::Formula demandAvgMshrMissLatency;
    /** The average overall latency of an MSHR miss. */
    Stats::Formula overallAvgMshrMissLatency;

    /** The average latency of an MSHR miss, per command and thread. */
    Stats::Formula avgMshrUncacheableLatency[MemCmd::NUM_MEM_CMDS];
    /** The average overall latency of an MSHR miss. */
    Stats::Formula overallAvgMshrUncacheableLatency;

    /** The number of times a thread hit its MSHR cap. */
    Stats::Vector mshr_cap_events;
    /** The number of times software prefetches caused the MSHR to block. */
    Stats::Vector soft_prefetch_mshr_full;

    Stats::Scalar mshr_no_allocate_misses;

    /**
     * @}
     */

    /**
     * Register stats for this object.
     */
    virtual void regStats();

  public:
    typedef BaseCacheParams Params;
    BaseCache(const Params *p);
    ~BaseCache() {}

    virtual void init();

    /**
     * Query block size of a cache.
     * @return  The block size
     */
    unsigned
    getBlockSize() const
    {
        return blkSize;
    }


    Addr blockAlign(Addr addr) const { return (addr & ~(Addr(blkSize - 1))); }


    const Range<Addr> &getAddrRange() const { return addrRange; }

    MSHR *allocateMissBuffer(PacketPtr pkt, Tick time, bool requestBus)
    {
        assert(!pkt->req->isUncacheable());
        return allocateBufferInternal(&mshrQueue,
                                      blockAlign(pkt->getAddr()), blkSize,
                                      pkt, time, requestBus);
    }

    MSHR *allocateWriteBuffer(PacketPtr pkt, Tick time, bool requestBus)
    {
        assert(pkt->isWrite() && !pkt->isRead());
        return allocateBufferInternal(&writeBuffer,
                                      pkt->getAddr(), pkt->getSize(),
                                      pkt, time, requestBus);
    }

    MSHR *allocateUncachedReadBuffer(PacketPtr pkt, Tick time, bool requestBus)
    {
        assert(pkt->req->isUncacheable());
        assert(pkt->isRead());
        return allocateBufferInternal(&mshrQueue,
                                      pkt->getAddr(), pkt->getSize(),
                                      pkt, time, requestBus);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the cache is blocked for accesses.
     */
    bool isBlocked()
    {
        return blocked != 0;
    }

    /**
     * Marks the access path of the cache as blocked for the given cause. This
     * also sets the blocked flag in the slave interface.
     * @param cause The reason for the cache blocking.
     */
    void setBlocked(BlockedCause cause)
    {
        uint8_t flag = 1 << cause;
        if (blocked == 0) {
            blocked_causes[cause]++;
            blockedCycle = curTick();
            cpuSidePort->setBlocked();
        }
        blocked |= flag;
        DPRINTF(Cache,"Blocking for cause %d, mask=%d\n", cause, blocked);
    }

    /**
     * Marks the cache as unblocked for the given cause. This also clears the
     * blocked flags in the appropriate interfaces.
     * @param cause The newly unblocked cause.
     * @warning Calling this function can cause a blocked request on the bus to
     * access the cache. The cache must be in a state to handle that request.
     */
    void clearBlocked(BlockedCause cause)
    {
        uint8_t flag = 1 << cause;
        blocked &= ~flag;
        DPRINTF(Cache,"Unblocking for cause %d, mask=%d\n", cause, blocked);
        if (blocked == 0) {
            blocked_cycles[cause] += curTick() - blockedCycle;
            cpuSidePort->clearBlocked();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Request the master bus for the given cause and time.
     * @param cause The reason for the request.
     * @param time The time to make the request.
     */
    void requestMemSideBus(RequestCause cause, Tick time)
    {
        memSidePort->requestBus(cause, time);
    }

    /**
     * Clear the master bus request for the given cause.
     * @param cause The request reason to clear.
     */
    void deassertMemSideBusRequest(RequestCause cause)
    {
        // Obsolete... we no longer signal bus requests explicitly so
        // we can't deassert them.  Leaving this in as a no-op since
        // the prefetcher calls it to indicate that it no longer wants
        // to request a prefetch, and someday that might be
        // interesting again.
    }

    virtual unsigned int drain(Event *de);

    virtual bool inCache(Addr addr) = 0;

    virtual bool inMissQueue(Addr addr) = 0;

    void incMissCount(PacketPtr pkt, int id)
    {

        if (pkt->cmd == MemCmd::Writeback) {
            assert(id == -1);
            misses[pkt->cmdToIndex()][0]++;
            /* same thing for writeback hits as misses - no context id
             * available, meanwhile writeback hit/miss stats are not used
             * in any aggregate hit/miss calculations, so just lump them all
             * in bucket 0 */
#if FULL_SYSTEM
        } else if (id == -1) {
            // Device accesses have id -1
            // lump device accesses into their own bucket
            misses[pkt->cmdToIndex()][_numCpus]++;
#endif
        } else {
            misses[pkt->cmdToIndex()][id % _numCpus]++;
        }

        if (missCount) {
            --missCount;
            if (missCount == 0)
                exitSimLoop("A cache reached the maximum miss count");
        }
    }
    void incHitCount(PacketPtr pkt, int id)
    {

        /* Writeback requests don't have a context id associated with
         * them, so attributing a hit to a -1 context id is obviously a
         * problem.  I've noticed in the stats that hits are split into
         * demand and non-demand hits - neither of which include writeback
         * hits, so here, I'll just put the writeback hits into bucket 0
         * since it won't mess with any other stats -hsul */
        if (pkt->cmd == MemCmd::Writeback) {
            assert(id == -1);
            hits[pkt->cmdToIndex()][0]++;
#if FULL_SYSTEM
        } else if (id == -1) {
            // Device accesses have id -1
            // lump device accesses into their own bucket
            hits[pkt->cmdToIndex()][_numCpus]++;
#endif
        } else {
            /* the % is necessary in case there are switch cpus */
            hits[pkt->cmdToIndex()][id % _numCpus]++;
        }
    }

};

#endif //__BASE_CACHE_HH__
